CHAPTER – 3: TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Definitions and Formulae:

1 𝑡ℎ
Degree measure: If a rotation from the initial side to terminal side is ( ) of a revolution, the angle
360
is said to have a measure of one degree, written as 1°.
Radian measure: There is another unit for measurement of an angle, called the radian measure. Angle
subtended at the centre by an arc of length 1 unit in a unit circle (circle of radius 1 unit) is said to have a
measure of 1 radian.
Domain and Range
Function Domain Range
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 R [-1, 1]
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 R [-1, 1]
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 R- {x=(2n+1 )𝜋/2, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 } R
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 R-{x=n 𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 } R
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 R- {x=(2n+1 )𝜋/2, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} (-∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 R-{x=n 𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 } (-∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)
Signs in Quadrants (ASTC Rule)
• 1st Quadrant: All positive
• 2nd Quadrant: sine & cosecant is positive
• 3rd Quadrant: tangent & cotangent is positive
• 4th Quadrant: cosine & secant is positive
(A mnemonic: All Students Take Coffee)
Important Formulae:
• If in a circle of radius r, an arc of length l subtends an angle of 𝜃 radians, then l = r 𝜃
• cos (2n 𝜋 + x ) = cosx , sin (2n 𝜋 + x ) = sinx

• sin(−x) = −sin x , tan(−x) = −tan x, cot (−x) = −cot x ,

• cosec(−x) = cosec x , cos(−x) = cos x , sec(−x) =sec x
• cos (x + y ) = cos x cosy – sin x sin y
• cos (x − y) = cos x cosy + sin x sin y
𝜋 𝜋
• cos ( 2 − 𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 , sin ( 2 − 𝑥 ) = cosx

• sin (x + y ) =sin x cosy + cos x sin y

• sin(x − y ) =sin x cosy – cos x sin y
𝜋 𝜋
• cos( 2 + 𝑥) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 , sin ( 2 + 𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

• cos(𝜋 − 𝑥 ) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 , sin(𝜋 − 𝑥 ) = sinx

• cos(𝜋 + 𝑥 ) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 , sin(𝜋 + 𝑥 ) = − sinx
• cos(2𝜋 − 𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 , sin(2𝜋 − 𝑥 ) = − sinx
𝛑
• If none of the angles x, y and (x ± y ) is an odd multiple of , then
𝟐
tan x+tany tan x− tany
tan (x + y ) = 1−tanx tany , tan (x − y ) = 1 + tanx tany

• If none of the angles x, y and (x ± y ) is a multiple of 𝛑 , then

cot x cot y−1 cot x cot y + 1
cot (x + y) = , cot (x − y) =
coty + cotx coty − cotx
2 2 2 2 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
• cos2x = cos x – sin x = 2cos x −1 = 1− 2sin x = 1+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS – XI MATHEMATICS 18

 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
• sin2x = 2sin x cos x = 1+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
2tanx
• tan2x = 1− tan2x

• sin3x = 3sinx – 4sin3x

• cos3x = 4cos3x – 3cosx
3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥−𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥
• tan3x= 1−3𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥− 𝑦
• cos x + cosy = 2cos cos
2 2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥− 𝑦
• cos x − cosy = −2 sin sin
2 2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥− 𝑦
• sin x + sin y = 2 sin cos
2 2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥− 𝑦
• sin x − sin y = 2 cos sin
2 2

• 2cos x cos y = cos (x + y ) + cos (x − y )

• −2sin x sin y = cos (x + y ) − cos (x −y )
• 2sin x cos y = sin (x+ y ) + sin ( x − y )
• 2cos x sin y = sin (x+ y ) − sin ( x − y )
• sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴
• cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1) The large hand of a clock is 42 cm long. How much distance does its extremity move in 20 minutes?
(a) 88 cm ( b) 80 cm ( c) 75 cm (d) 77 cm
Ans. b) 88 cm
2𝜋
Solution : Angle sweeps by the minute hand in 20 minutes= 6° × 20 = 120° = 3 radians . Thus ,
the distance does its extremity move in 20 minutes = arc of length l = r𝜃
2𝜋
= 42 x 3 = 88 𝑐𝑚
2) The value of tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° … . . tan 89° 𝑖𝑠
1
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) not defined
Ans. (a) 1
Solution: tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° … . . tan 88° tan 89°
= (tan 1° tan 89° ) (tan 2° tan 88°) … . . (tan 44° tan 46°) tan 45°
= (tan 1° cot 1° ) (tan 2° cot 2° ) … … . (tan 44° cot 44°) × 1
= 1 × 1 × 1 ×……× 1 = 1
1
3) If sin x + cos x = 5 then tan 2x is
25 7 25 24
(a) (b) 25 (c) (d)
17 7 7
Ans. 𝐝)
1 1
Solution :( sin x + cos x)2 = 25 ⟹ 1 + sin2x = 25
24 7 24
⟹ sin2x = − 25 & cos 2x = − 25 ⟹ tan2x = 7
4) Value of sin 10° + sin 20° + sin 30° +......+ sin360° is
1
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 2
Ans. b) 0
Solution : sin (360° − x ) = −sin x ⟹ sin 10° + sin 20° + sin 30° +......+ sin360° = 0

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS – XI MATHEMATICS 19

 3 𝜋 12 3𝜋
5) If sin A = 5 , 0< 𝐴 < and cos B = − 13 , 𝜋 < 𝐵 < , then the value of sin (A −B) is
2 2
13 15 13 16
(a) − 82 (b) − 65 (c) − 65 (d) − 65
16
Ans . (d) − 65
3 4 12 5
Solution : sin A = 5 ⟹ cos A = 5 , cos B = − 13 ⟹ sin 𝐵 = − 13
3 12 4 5 36 20 16
∴ sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 5 × (− 13 ) − 5 × (− 13 ) = − 65 + 65 = − 65
6) 1 + cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x =
(a) 2 cos x cos 2x cos 3x (b) 4 sin x cos 2x cos 3x
(c) 4 cos x cos 2x cos 3x (d) None of these
Ans. 𝐜)𝟒𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑𝐱
Solution : 1 + cos 4x + cos 2x + cos 6x = 2cos22x + 2cos4x cos2x
⟹ 2cos2x(cos2x+ cos4x) ⟹ 2cos2x .2cos3x cosx ⟹4cosx cos2x cos3x
7) If in two circles, arcs of the same length subtend angles 45° and 60° at Centre, then the ratio of their
radii is
(a) 2:3 (b) 2:5 (c) 3:4 (d) 4:3
Ans. (d) 4:3
Solution : ATQ, we have 𝑙1 = 𝑙2 ⟹ r1 𝜃1 = 𝑟2 𝜃2
𝜋 𝜋
⟹ r1 ∶ 𝑟2 = 3 : 4 = 4: 3
8) The value of sin (𝜋 − 𝜃) sin (𝜋 + 𝜃) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝜃 =
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) −1 (d) 2
Ans. (c) -1
1
Solution: sin (𝜋 − 𝜃) sin (𝜋 + 𝜃) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐2 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 (−sin 𝜃) × = −1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
9) The value of tan 3A – tan 2A – tan A is equal to
(a) tan 3A tan 2A tan A (b) –tan 3A tan 2A tan A
(c) tan A tan 2A – tan 2A tan 3A – tan 3A tan A (d) None of these
Ans. (a) tan 3A tan 2A tan A
tan 2A + tan A
Solution :tan 3A = tan (2A + A ) = 1−tan2A tanA
⟹ tan3A – tan A tan 2A tan 3A = tan2A + tan A
⟹ tan 3A − tan2A − tanA = tanA tan2A tan 3A
𝑏
10) If tan A = 𝑎 , then value of 𝑎 cos 2A+b sin 2A=
(a) –b (b) 𝑎 (c) −𝑎 (d) b
Ans. (b) 𝑎
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 2 tan 𝐴
Solution : 𝑎 cos 2A + b sin 2A= 𝑎 (1+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴) + 𝑏 (1+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝐴 )
𝑏2 𝑏
2 1− 2 ×𝑎
⟹𝑎 ( 𝑎 ) +𝑏 ( )=𝑎
𝑏2 𝑏2
1+ 2 1+ 2
𝑎 𝑎

ASSERTION - REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason(R).
Pick the correct option:
A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true and Reason(R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true but Reason(R) is NOT the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason(R) is false.
D) Assertion (A) is false but Reason(R) is true.

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS – XI MATHEMATICS 20

 1) Assertion (A): The maximum value of sin x + cos x is 2.
Reason(R) : The maximum value of sin x is 1 and maximum value cos x is 1
Answer : D
𝜋
Solution: The maximum value of sin x + cos x is √2 at x = 4 . So the Assertion (A) is false and
reason (R) is true.
2) Assertion (A) : tan 5A – tan 3A – tan 2A = tan 5A tan 3A tan 2A
Reason(R) : x = y + z ⇒ tan x – tan y – tan z = tan x tan y tan z.
Answer: A
tan B + tan C
Solution : If tan A = tan (B+ C ) ⇒ tan A =1−tan 𝐵 tan 𝐶 which imply the result
tan A – tan B – tan C = tan A tan B tan C.
Hence, Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true and Reason(R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
2π 4π 2π 4π
3) Assertion (A): cos3 α + cos3 (α + ) + cos3 (α + ) = 3 cos α cos (α + ) cos(α + )
3 3 3 3
Reason(R) : If a + b + c = 0 then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
Answer: A
2π 4π
Solution: Assertion (A): cos α + cos (α + ) + cos (α + )=0
3 3
2π 4π 2π 4π
⇒ cos3 α + cos3 (α + ) + cos3 (α + ) = 3 cos α cos (α + ) cos(α + ) (true )
3 3 3 3
Hence, Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true and Reason(R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
4) Assertion (A): The ratio of the radii of two circles at the centres of which two equal arcs subtend
angles of 30° and 70° is 21: 10.
Reason(R): Number of radians in an angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc is equal to
the ratio of the length of the arc to the radius of the circle.
Answer: D
𝜋 𝜋
Solution: Assertion (A): 𝑟1 : r2 = 𝜃2 ∶ 𝜃1 ⇒ 𝑟1 : r2 = 718 : 6 = 7 : 3 (false )
𝑙
Reason(R) : 𝜃 = (True )
𝑟
2
5) Assertion (A) : (sinθ + cosθ ) = sin2θ
Reason(R) : sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
Answer: D
Solution: (sinθ + cosθ )2 = 1 + sin2θ , So assertion is false and reason is true.
6) Assertion (A): cos(𝜋 − 𝜃 ) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Reason(R): Cosine is an even function.
Answer: B
Solution: The assertion is true, but the reason is not the correct explanation. cos(π − θ ) = −cosθ
is due to angle transformation, not the even nature of cosine. Cosine being even means cos(−x) =
cos(x).
11π
7) Assertion (A) : Value of tan (− ) is 1.
4
Reason (R) : sin (3𝜋 + 𝜃 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Answer: C)
11π 11π 𝜋 𝜋
Solution: tan (− ) = − tan ( ) = − tan (3𝜋 − 4 ) = tan 4 = 1
4 4
And sin (3𝜋 + 𝜃 ) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
A A
8)Assertion (A): the value of cot 2 − tan 2 is 2 tanA
Reason(R) : cot A is reciprocal of tan A
Answer: D

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS – XI MATHEMATICS 21

 A A
A A 1−tan2 1−tan2 1
Solution: cot 2 − tan 2 = A
2
⟹ 2( A
2
)=2 × ⟹ 2 cotA
tan 2 tan tanA
2 2
9)Assertion (A): The range of 4 + 5 cos x is [−1, 9]
Reason(R): The value of cos x lies from −1 to 1.
Answer: A
Solution: −1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1 ⟹ −5 ≤ 5cosx ≤ 5
⟹ −5 + 4 ≤ 4 + 5cosx ≤ 5 + 4 ⟹ −1 ≤ 4 + 5cosx ≤ 9
⟹ both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) is correct and Reason(R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
𝝅
10)Assertion (A): The domain of tan x is R− { (2n+1) 𝟐 , n ∈ ℤ }
Reason(R) : tan x is undefined where cos x = 0.
Answer: A
𝜋
Solution: cos x = 0 at x = (2n+1) 2 , 𝑛 𝜖 𝑍
⟹ Hence, Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true and Reason(R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
1) Find the value of 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( − 𝒙) − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( + 𝒙)
𝟒 𝟒
3𝜋 3𝜋
Solution: cos( − x) − cos( + x)=
4 4
3𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋
=cos 4 cos x + sin 4 sin x - cos 4 cos x + sin 4 sinx
3𝜋 1
= 2 sin 4 sin x = 2 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = √2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
√2
2) The angles of a triangle are in A.P., then, find the angles of the triangle in radians if greatest
angle is three times the smallest angle.
Solution: let A, B and C be the angles of triangle. Since, A, B and C are in A.P.
So, 2B = A + C
∵ A + B + C = π ⟹ 2B + B = π
π
⟹B= and C = 3A
3
π π π
So, A + + 3A = π ⟹ A = and C =
3 6 2
−𝟏𝟓𝝅
3) Find the value of 𝒄𝒐𝒕 ( 𝟒 ).
−15𝜋 15𝜋
Solution: cot ( ) = − cot ( )
4 4
7𝜋 7𝜋
= − cot (2𝜋 + ) = −cot ( 4 )
4
𝜋 𝜋
=− cot (2𝜋 − 4 ) = −(− cot 4 ) = 1
𝛑 𝟕𝛑 𝛑 𝟑
4) Prove that : 2𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 =
𝟔 𝟔 𝟑 𝟐
𝜋 7𝜋 2𝜋 1 𝜋 1
Solution: L.H.S : 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 6 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 6 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 = 2 ( 2 )2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ( 𝜋 + 6 ) ( 2 )2
2 𝜋 2 1 1 1 3
= 4 + (− cosec 6 ) × =2 +4 ×4 = 2
4
𝝅 𝝅
5) Show that : 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 ( 𝟒 + 𝒙 ) − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 ( 𝟒 − 𝒙) is independent of x.
Solution: we have , 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐵 = cos(𝐴 + 𝐵 ) cos(𝐴 − 𝐵)
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ( + 𝑥 ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( − 𝑥) = cos ( + 𝑥 + − 𝑥 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( + 𝑥 − + 𝑥 )
4 4 4 4 4 4
𝜋
= cos ( 2 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 0 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 0
Thus, the given expression is independent of x.
𝟏
6) If 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 = 𝟔 , 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝐱 .
Solution: we have, sin 3𝑥 = 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS – XI MATHEMATICS 22

 1 1 3 4 13
= 3 ( 6 ) – 4 ( 6 )3 = − 216 = 27
6

7) Show that : √𝟐 + √𝟐 + √𝟐 + 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟖𝒙 = 2 cos x

Solution: L.H.S : √2 + √2 + √2 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 8𝑥 = √2 + √2 + √2(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 8𝑥)

=√2 + √2 + √2 × 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑥 = √2 + √2 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥

= √2 + √2 × 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑥 = √2 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥

= √2 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) = √2 × 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 2cosx = R.H.S

5
8) If cot x = − 12 , x lies in second quadrant, find the values of sec x and cosec x.
5 12
Solution: Since, cot x = − 12 ⟹ tan x = − 5
12 2 144 169
Now, 1 + tan2x = sec2x ⟹ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 x = 1 + (− 5 ) = 1 + =
25 25
13 13
Sec x = ± ⟹ sec x = − , because x lies in second quadrant
5 5
2 25 169 13
Similarly , cosec x = 1 + 144 = 144 ⟹ cosec x = ± 12
13
cosecx = , as x lies in second quadrant.
12
9) A wheel makes 360 revolutions in one minute. Through how many radians does it turn in one
second?
Solution:
Number of revolutions made in 60 seconds = 360
360
∴ Number of revolutions made in one seceond= 60 = 6
when the wheel makes one revolution, it turns through 2π radian.
∴ Number radians turned by the wheel in one seceond = 6 × 2π = 12 π radians
1
10): Prove that : sin(45° + A) sin(45° − A) = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝐴
Solution:
We have , sin(A + B ) sin(A − B) = sin2 A − sin2 B
⟹ sin(45° + A) sin(45° −A) = sin2 45° − sin2 A
1 1− 2sin2 A cos2A
= 2 − sin2 A ⟹ =
2 2
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1) Prove that: cot x cot 2x – cot 2x cot 3x – cot 3x cot x=1
Solution: We have 3x = x + 2x
cot 3x = cot (x + 2x)
cotx cot 2x−1
cot3x = cotx+cot2x
cotx cot3x + cot2x cot3x = cotx cot 2x − 1
⟹ cot x cot 2x – cot 2x cot 3x – cot 3x cot x=1
2) 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 ∶ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (−𝟒𝟐𝟎°)(𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑𝟗𝟎° ) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬(−𝟔𝟔𝟎°)(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟑𝟎° ) = −𝟏
Solution:
L.H.S : sin (−420°)(cos390° ) + cos(−660°)(sin 330° )
7π 13π 11π 11π
= −sin 3 cos 6 + cos 3 sin 6
π π π π
= − sin (2π + ) cos (2π + ) + cos (4π − ) sin (2π − )
3 6 3 6

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS – XI MATHEMATICS 23

 π π π π
= − sin 3 cos 6 − cos 3 sin 6
π π π
= − sin (3 + 6 ) = −sin 2 = −1 = R. H. S.
3) Show that :𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟕𝟎° = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐𝟎° + 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟓𝟎°
tan A−tan B
Solution: We have, tan (A − B) = 1+tan A tan B
⟹ tan A − tan B = tan (A − B) (1 + tan A tan B)
Put A = 70° and B = 20°, we get
tan 70° − tan 20° = tan 50° (1 + tan 70° tan 20° )
⟹ tan 70° − tan 20° = tan 50° (1 + tan 70° tan (90° − 70°)}
⟹ tan 70° − tan 20° = tan 50°( 1 + tan 70° cot 70° )
⟹ tan 70° − tan 20° = 2 tan 50°
4) What must be the radius of a circular running path, round which an athlete must run 5 times in
order to describe 1760 metres?
𝑙
Solution: Since, it is a circular path. So, 𝜃 = 𝑟
During one rotation, angle is subtended at the centre = 2𝜋
𝑙
∴ 2𝜋 = ⟹ l = 2πr = perimeter
𝑟
⟹ 5 × 2π r = 1760 m ⟹ π r = 176 m
7
⟹ r = 176 × 22 = 8 × 7 m = 56 m
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝐀
5) Prove that : 𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝐀 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀
Solution: L.H.S.
sin A+sin 2A sin A+2 sin A cosA
=
1+cos A+cos 2A 1+cos A+2cos2 A−1
sin 𝐴(1+2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = tan A = R.H.S.
cos 𝐴(1+2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 )
6) In any cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, prove that: cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D=0
Solution: A + C=𝜋 (Opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary) .
A=𝜋−𝐶.
cos A = cos (𝜋 − C) .
cos A=−cos C
cos A + cos C=0 -----------------------(1)
Similarly , cos B + cos D=0 ----------------(2)
By adding equation (1) and (2), we get
cos A+ cos B+ cos C+ cos D=0
7) If 3 tan A tan B = 1, prove that 2 cos ( A + B ) = cos (A - B )
Solution: We have
3 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵
3 tan A tan B = 1 ⟹ =1
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 3
⟹ =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 sin 𝐵 1
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 sin 𝐵 3+1
⟹ = (Applying componendo & dividendo )
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 sin 𝐵 3−1
cos(𝐴−𝐵 ) 2
⟹ cos(𝐴+𝐵 ) = 1 ⟹ 2 cos ( A + B ) = cos (A − B )
𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝟓𝝅 𝟕𝝅 𝟏
8) Show that : ( 𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟖 ) (𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ) (𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ) (𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ) =𝟖
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖

𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋
Solution: : L.H.S : ( 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 8 ) (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 8
) (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 8
) (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 8
)
𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
( 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 8 ) (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ) (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ) (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 8 ) = ( 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 8 ) (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 )
8 8 8

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS – XI MATHEMATICS 24

 𝜋 3𝜋 1 𝜋 3𝜋 1 1 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 8 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 = ( 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 ) (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 )=4 (1− )(1+ )
8 4 4 √2 √2
1 1 1 1 1
= 4 ( 1 − 2) = 4 × =
2 8
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
𝟑 𝛑
1) I𝐟 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱 = 𝟓 , 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝟎 < 𝐱 < , 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐𝐱 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝐱 , 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐𝐱 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒𝐱
𝟐
3 π
Solution :we have , sinx = 5 , where 0 < x < 2 ,
9 4
cos x = √1 − sin2 x ⟹ cosx = √1 − 25 ⟹ cosx = 5
sinx 3
∴ tanx = =
cosx 4
Thus, we obtain
3 4 24
sin 2x = 2sinx cosx = 2 × × =
5 5 25
3 7
cos2x = 1 − 2sin2 x = 1 − 2 × ( )2 =
5 25
sin2x 24
tan2x = =
cos2x 7
24 7 336
and , sin4x = 2sin2x cos2x = 2 × × =
25 25 625
𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝟑
2) Prove that : 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒙 + 𝟑 ) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝟑 ) = 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐

2𝜋 2𝜋
Solution : L.H.S. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 + ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 − )
3 3
1 2𝜋 2𝜋
= 2{2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 + ) + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 − )}
3 3
1 2𝜋 2𝜋
= 2 [1+ cos2x +{1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 + ) + 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 − ) }]
3 3
1 4𝜋 4𝜋
= 2 [ 3 + cos2x + { 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥 + ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥 − ) }]
3 3
1 4𝜋
= 2 [ 3 + cos2x + { 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 }]
3
1 1 1 3
= 2 [ 3 + cos2x + { 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 × (− 2)}] = 2 {3 + cos2x - cos2x } = 2
𝟒 𝐱 𝐱 𝐱
3) If tan x = − 𝟑 , x lies in quadrant III , Find the values of 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐 .
4 3π
Solution: we have , tan x = − 3 , π < x < 2
π x 3π x
⟹ <2< ⟹ lies in quadrant II
2 4 2
−1 −1 3
Now, cos x = √1+tan2 = = −5
x √1+
16
9
3
x 1−cosx 1+ 2
sin 2 = √ =√ 2 5 =
2 √5

x 1+ cosx 1− 3/5 −1
cos 2 = − √ =−√ =
2 2 √5
x
⟹ tan 2 = −2
4) Find the value of 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟗° − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐𝟕° − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟔𝟑° + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟖𝟏°
Solution: We have
= tan 9° + tan 81° − tan 27° − tan 63°
= tan 9° + tan (90° − 9°) − tan 27° − tan (90° − 27°)
= tan 9° + cot 9° − (tan 27° + cot 27° )
1 2 2
Also, tan 9° + cot 9° = sin 9° cos 9° = 2sin 9° cos 9° = sin 18°
2 2 2
Similarly, tan 27° + cot 27° = = =
sin 54° sin(90°−36°) cos 36°

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS – XI MATHEMATICS 25

 2 2
∴ tan 9° + cot 9° − (tan 27° + cot 27° ) = sin 18° − cos 36°
2 ×4 2 ×4
= − =4
√5−1 √5 + 1
𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝟒𝝅 𝟏
5) Prove that : 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟕 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 = −𝟖
𝟕 𝟕
Solution: L.H.S.
π 2π 4π 1 π π 2π 4π
cos 7 cos cos = π {2 sin cos 7 cos cos }
7 7 2 sin 7 7 7
7
1 2π 2π 4π
= π {sin cos cos }
2 sin 7 7 7
7
1 2π 2π 4π 1 4π 4π
= π {2sin cos cos }= π {sin cos }
4 sin 7 7 7 4 sin 7 7
7 7
1 4π 4π 1 8π
= π {2 sin cos }= π {sin }
8 sin 7 7 8 sin 7
7 7
1 π 1 π
= π {sin(π + )}= π {−sin }
8 sin 7 8 sin 7
7 7
1
= − 8 = R.H.S
CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
1) Sine and cosine functions can be used to model many real life scenarios-radio waves, tides, musical
tones, electrical signals. Following are shown the graphs of sine and cosine curves. Looking to these
graphs, answer the following questions

1
(i) If we draw line y= , at how many points the graph of sine and this line intersects between
2
interval [-𝜋, 𝜋].
(ii) At how many points the graph of cosine cuts on X axis between (0, 2𝜋) ?
(iii) If both sine and cosine curve are drawn on the same graph and on the same interval [-2 𝜋, 2𝜋] ,
then at how many points their graph will intersects ?
OR
At how many points will be sin x = √2 in interval [-𝜋, 𝜋]
1
Solution: (i) From the above graph. The line y= intersects the sine graph at two points.
2
Solution(ii) clearly from the graph, the graph of cosine cuts on X axis between (0, 2𝜋) at two points
Solution:(iii) If we will draw the graph of sine and cosine on the same interval
[-2 𝜋, 2𝜋], then the graph of both function will intersect at four points.
OR
Solution: The value of sin x lies from -1 to 1 only, so sin x =√2 is not possible in interval
[-𝜋, 𝜋]
𝟒 𝟓
2) Given 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 = − 𝟓 and 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑 , x & y both lie in second quadrant.
Based on the following information’s, answer the following: -
(i) Find the value of sin (x − y).
(ii) Find the value of cos (x + y).
(iii) The value of tan (x + y) =

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS – XI MATHEMATICS 26

 OR
The value of cot (x - y) =
Explanation(i) sin (x − y) = sin x cosy − cos x sin y
𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟒 𝟓 𝟏𝟔
= × (− 𝟏𝟑 ) − (− 𝟓 ) × 𝟏𝟑 = − 𝟔𝟓
𝟓

Explanation:(ii) cos (x + y ) = cos x cosy – sin x sin y

𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑𝟑
= (− 𝟓 ) × (− 𝟏𝟑 ) − 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟔𝟓
Explanation: (iii) tan x = -3/4 , tan y = - 5/12
3 5
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 − − −56
4 12
∴ tan(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = 3 5 =
1− × 33
4 12
OR
4 12
Solution: cot x = − 3 and cot y = − 5
4 12
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑦 + 1 × +1 63
∴ cot (x − y ) = = 3 5
12 4 =
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦− 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − + −16
5 3

3) Trigonometry is the combination of 2 words – ‘Trigon’ means triangle and ‘metron’ means
measure. It is a branch of geometry that studies relationship between lengths and angles of a
triangle. Degree and radian units of measurement of angles are used, also called Indian system
of measurement of triangles. In this system 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑i𝑎𝑛 = 180°; 1°=60 minute and 1minute=60
seconds; 1 right angle =90°.The length of arc 𝑙 is given by l = r 𝜽.
On the basis of above information answer the following questions:
11
(i) convert 36 radians into degree minutes and seconds.
7π
(ii) convert into degree measure
18
(iii) Find the length of arc made by minute’s hand of a clock in 5 minutes
having radius 7 cm.
OR
If the arcs of the same length in two circles subtend angles 65° and 80° at the centre, then the ratio of
their radii.
11 180 11 ×5×7 35
Solution:(i) 36
× π
degree = 22
degree = 2
degree = 17°30′
7π 180
Solution: (ii) × degree = 7 × 10 degree = 70°
18 π
360°
Solution: (iii)Angle turns by minute hand in 1 minute = = 6°
60
π
∴ Angle turns by minute hand in 5 minutes = 5 × 6° = 30° = radian
6
π 7π
∴ length of an arc made by minute hand in 5 minutes l = rθ = 7 × 6 = 6
OR
π 13π π 4π
Solution: we have , θ1 = 65° = 65 × 180 = & θ2 = 80 × 180 = 9
36
r1 θ2 4π 36 r1 16
∴ ATQ , r1 θ1 = r2 θ2 ⟹ 𝑟 = = × 13π ⟹ = 13
2 θ1 9 𝑟2

KVS ZIET MYSURU: CLASS – XI MATHEMATICS 27