Module 03

ThyaistonS
Ccos ] Pos 1,27 (LTL: LI L2 k L2]
1. Intoduchion
semicenductot deices da Pow
Thuitots he oldayt porxn
ane

oppladons. Me vwn commny wed daoi thyratt komly s n

C
otn mamdes ahe fhatntiy
silicen cotdl etya (scR). e
a : tiac, diac, silicm
Chelnd Sith (s), siien uniltna suibh
SR LASCR) ete. Ost a all e n
desices t e
Csus), light ackvak
ond widely thista is SR. tonc peorle alpo
Cue

maut commenly

Contidlad secthyas, AC voltrge cobls4

SCRs an manly uralm
stake suittkes ete
Semilsnductot devices. npistts ane

Thstns
aa
mily dh ps deeratel a s
hsteke
elufanic
Cikna. hay an

m oue fate
ed enkiely tnduchng
Cenduch stala Ao ga-cesal
Openahny hom
hm-
1ati-ceidtus
Swrthn,
uustas
au dongred wihont C a n utsve
homni
Cn venhinas 1ha hyuto bozpht
he u t
Ca
ahih
m when
arabi tiy, conduchg
sat mly anedonynad
tuan- a
non (GTO)
cenduthg
stali to ton -

h u anailuky.
s
o u means. at
hnn-n and t u n - losea
csnlndd canduuchioo
haue lyoh l o v n am-stale
o han
genel
thanmstos,
hyuts
bhr hand,tuannstts
te
C e s n a to G.
handley canabilb Satyaod S u i t n paed
and hiyhu poae a n u s
ivms d taste
heNespeis Judthas ued m yh-po.
masty
l o . Thyust a madium pors
and owe uikh &
and tanms ane med mlo
applicahons
apphtakions.

Retemnus Gacuib,Desitas & Appliudjom'

"
Ehutunia?
Powe
Mohammad
mpd . Ros hid,
4th edahon, 2014.
fearson,
l
Thyst Characlaishu
ACAnode)
A

Gt

K adtode)
hI Tgu yblend nae pn-junchons.
femizenducht dusica PNPN tmchue,
-Adynist u an anedr, cafhokktammds:
nea tn- unhon. Jt has f tnre
Asih and feckon v i e ,
shos e thnasds syvhst
qati. 11
i29ohoak can Slat pto
P- nchons

iu Shom
m sechon aniusto 20).
asshan mh1
NN PNP
peciomm Anode (A)
AnleA)
A I T T T T I T I I I
P

n n

P
P
n

Cahed) Gt C«)
Cahode(K t CG) (6)Spt seckima NPN&
stuhne PNP
C r s seekon PN PN
Csow eehin ha thyärtn
Pg-2 ucaode,
Litueasih s e s r e t
to
hen the
anode kolta is made
uand Liane,he jnhoiJ,is s e w e n e
3 aua
hanchon Gnodr
btand,andonby
a Smad leakae a m e t Havs ffon CAhol
 (
The tqitm v Men jaid tobe m uad blokag, st Hstt
Cnion and he eatage wnet i knan a 4o e I

V is mnarcd a
he anede to
afhode votye L
4 baks.
uale, 1e Aunse biased unckom
Hietlama
avalanche
heakdom anda Cotnesndiy
kain cs Becan uth
his is

Cllacd kasand
brakdoun votge VRo: LecaVgo
Volthae hamd dan 1s k
aauuudy wand
o h unhoa T, Jesultmq mal
all e unthns
movemeta
a i s alem
ü unma eonduch s t l i
hedwia the
m thu
node unet
dutottu hric dap
thmicdhep m
ovand wdd
wld duat
On-sthle.
hivelte a 1V.
o small, Tyiky a latthag euus
kru layus
Ond itis m a e h a n
a
ualue known as

mustJe
unent
anole deia
ha f
07hiwna,
accot
The "junthn;
caaos
amounT

mn anoleuus-
isAnes.
Latthay umeat( me
0n-satt
macliakely

h hstr hasbe
ond zat 5as
momtaan
a q i e d to huned oh
has ben shoao mb;3.
o a fst haistet rs
charactaishu a
vi
Jemoes A Typiens diede andlthn
tea tnduhhq
Lehaue
imduds, it lsnobutt
becawr
thu Gntues to
Cnce a
e dewrce oVtment
m db
hedevice tv Kae
juntkonJ2du
o
no Cd| Jeks
Jeloue
aa
on
dejlahen layen
Jud
u e ua
es
ae sts
vo
a n o d u u a t t e

ne
h
hasad doelsps
tloweve ih t a daylehon JAgin
Caies.

holdag
Tt, andetyau t
a caujus
wn
eu umdea
d u tn
udlans
fh
odt mA &
junchon d ctu
m

s4te. Th l day
Qnmnd ke
h bock-ng
y tn
ldtha Cumat (I).
an
 annole
Holdnq uAent is dh mimun1cum namtam du r s t d m
n-skt. holda Cuunt s sdh e lateha n a t

Wn
alhnde
athode yolt pendu Art anode, hunchanis
Ts k

Enon a uwAaR Cuet Le)

Cuwnw,
Va
funed m MM h a prond veltt
A yis
Can be
cdd b dortanuhu.
dostanucku Ln paahe,
In paahe,
Cd
.

tn-on
0 tuh
a
TS hnd h ist
be snd Ve
masrtanedelosB

cathsle
Mwnd wta is j a andcathoe
behseen tts gat
Gchsen
ltge
ronbue is hnnon
haneon
byapryya u u
uysta is
m
daskid laes. Cha
na
h t u the hold
Thas skeun
m
anoda c m a t is ualn
and i
by 1-lu
a a e n d u t dueto pen
h u }tadbade
Conhus to
tdesica
Cwnt, is a lathaq device.
iJemoved, A hgistt
ewen e qati Siyral
- f o w o lultuge dnep
CCenolntckr
Lthajuma
Fotweud

R a k o

ld
maM

heekolonm
P e w e n

Pwen
Np
olndleakayt
Vøo
T
Cisut

( v-? cKaadstshu

fa-3 Thyssta conit & v-i charadinshu

Twe Tantutot Msdel Thyaho.

(a Bare stuwhme Eqwivaltmt CAt

f1.4 hre tpanric model fhristot

atu lathmg athun

due to portue jadsak

e damoatatd y u a fuo
14Ant mo dil dtya trt.
Can tanmta, na

aa hwo rhmeudary
thyayto can ecsmdia shu o m1:4 ca).
o N PN-t , Aqa
PNP tanmst ,
c o r n t mle shan mi . 4(b).
Te equavalnt
Jeltd,m
geneuad,te

dlech
unet I dha hastot

ba mn
ommen-
and h
Cuwncn Tst
T i f anode
ansde cwmet d
Cwmt L anda
enutu
tAnt ,
Con bfonnd eq2. .
collct
CLunet Te

iS 1 hakaz n t d
iS d umut jam & IcRo 4
Lshe

Smleny.
Cwnent c802

By
 KKtceo 2(
& solory ?. (u)
ines

I+ceotBo

Vakt sith I atla. A Tyriua Vaiaiom uwmat1

enminttu CnnestE 1sAnewn ki2 5. Uhgai
wih
udasat , is suddsny mUtad,Sy om 0 - lmA,is
eanddewnt I hi would tuwhn
mmeadAly

v, d Cune am o depeads on I &I. Ta

mua

ugnisahu a poatiuudoackothtet 4
(4t )
a a

dengmenatl dhq9. ppe achs

Jndoto uiby
valu "b In a lyabn odcumead

n e , uulhe
m lage o

J Cumess
Mh a
gmall gat
tuns n

T h y s o Tuun-ON
aee cauent. Tus Can

manamg
is
hmneal
m
ky
A yuon
accmpiskad m m llowng ogs.

ChThetmls:
is hagh, huis a muman ihu
mpersim
a utt
h hiM mna
lha klukagctnah
agctumai,
elutin -hde p a ,
hea w n awas
and is
hema
Thas tHe hwn-n MA Co
ndmal awrided,
m Light
4 d is allovedto stuk te junkhonr a tuyas,he elckan
fyaut may piknad on he k t
b
macaes and
hele a i s
uho m Akned-on by allo light to Jtuke h
achuat

Slicon sahs.
,

CR) h volt huead

hade Vpg
anede- to-cathode VbltapLu neat fhan
h e uad Cmntiouos
to
to miha
mihst
leaa
lunkdan votege Vao, tfierent may destmk e
deatauk ue 4
tun-o may
qenensh
pamn-on. m i t
should lee awoidad,

is hgh, e
kayny
dt tablag
d, anede-cad-de & to hun
Rk ase sueint enyh
Tha canauh jncKons may danahe
aunet h may umes

chapoy
tis ho. t hiyh van aqarot hyh diytt.
dunamut bpstetel
hys S ha-nanzmunn, allasafa dyr
sshus
heauachs ueiy

bied, ha juhn g J nen

anenty
a hyaistot isnd te ano
and cthode
a v e cadhod,

» t e Leteen
en
heg
aply nq poihu
9 Cum
c u m u t 7S
s numay
n and

hutot.
As thegeta
ihegala
teummals ans m t
datnand, aa shou ma.S
n d akos voltege ts

V3 BO
Va-
V,>VV3
on pad bleckay nlteye
 Tre ho llom Mase pokh shald e enricleud m dumrin t g
cntr nit CCict).
shadde Aemoves at thu a sta js hannak ond,
(V 1t sal
CNA{is) wodd fnuan h pouu
A Cdmu a
( s m h a ,gat junhn.
immd, fhu shanld be nahat
(2) A Heurh Me tyut u wn

he Thsfot ma
Laildnfo annumamdd
inal luuTK,
Cullnt.

mubt e loye fhan thhma

t
3 ) e idha, Tu gat pul
Cwwew maa
mad
notmally
In pacha,
e pus As ddh T 1s

vaha LL
t an tha tLaniishi.
han

S Thyuisfot tun-dh be
b e tnned
tmned d
byduung
by Andnu
n-stti Can
m f .
hatis
Lelos fhe holdinp cunnt
A nah .ttpa
leuel
n all the
hrse C
1 fna atrustor. belos
yano
khniqus mamtamad
is
Than
he aave auwMt
tchnisues,
atall extes
lony tme so
Commnatin

Cuanl Juety
hddm sevembhed
nt d
h w yes an e t t
Camun m
dhanatiushe
I, &I ,
utun t
hro aen
n-junchioro,
D suve Hhe t
hatg a diode, oahibity
Uoud be
smiln to
Caa
be mach guala han
Cunut kg. kp
JeveR AEey
Peak
une hocking cuse e
ndmal
 votge)

T Vo
wt

(Cw
Lea
wt

Lne Cmmwtale eshCAuat

Fi
Comutlis
cmveli tiaadt whaeh Mpk voltape
a a lme The
a Jeven oltaq opneans aen
altenahin shan 6
thyust mmdiatly uand cuwetgoeo tmh ha z
aecelanlos tn- PA»Cey by
aue, Thi's uenVeltag J&J
Swei
at ha etLem
Camiu
Punehons
acnnakon
m e knoun a
quies
The n e n pn-jundN I2
a

ismsnehescem
anins. A neahiue
t
t(tsc) wDld uduu h s artomk maton
ime.

Zwene vD tae
v»ltaze Bere tg.
tang-

dapendert m eznthde
Ta
|trc fs he- Commutad ctnit.
chanadozshy
at shan ty 6 oa
H )ee Levey
tme ta*
&
etuan- tme tq is he Sum

At ed h tun-t.a dertekon
layea
LeLmbrahn dme t ihaki bty
and dhe hynutn u c o v e s
devehs acm junthion
In all Commutahon trehaipe
twdhtathd osand yotaqe.
hhe
a m the y a t duune
is appliad
L e v e r e wha
a

T w - PAoO.
Tn tme t i he mmmum vaue h r e lovas Lehreen
he otant w hey he m-stet cwmut las decmaed to zeuod the
mstat shen thyrist is carake dh ihtondn ptaand vstkap
AShost tunng .

wnad on s:h a Shef pult, Fo tun

Thyistots can be caily
Cuuatay eeia ninad stuhwaes
, Aey qui spacial dai
an uenal ve4iom euey
nny- PACm hne
to ad m th mpmau
is
aned qoal dn ony nes devia
Loidh twn-4 Capabilty nw deoiceg ait
twn- abiky. WM Aa emegtna bb'
n adeaie oih jut he tuun-
coneliiy
boh hn-m & h - h
,
cC
to as on vernhonal eehiu LsCR l just
aabiuy e deed
ohen
h a quime
othe inames had
names hand m
n

ethgu(SCe) {amiy ttum 1 qenenally meant to

be h e
e

Tha ux histo
acNenyms.
he phpcad constuchn,
pistk. Dererdot po
Can be broaly daa
comenhsna

tuan-44
Lekauio ystw ,

tun-m &
tno 13 Cakote
cntlud y s u (o SRs (BCT)
Phane cblad t h s u
pho AsCRs)
a histo (o
Bidivehinas
asymmai
F a s t Suithy (LASCRs)
silrun Cataslid secds|in
4 Ligt
L1 a
(TRTAC)
s)Biduchoad taxodo dhastos
CRCTs)
Rewee
Cnduthng Hsots

) Gat
twn obb hyistos CGTO)
CFET-CTH:)
8)FET-ceninlad Hhpistvs
MOS t a n - hnsdos mes (MTOs)
1o)Fomte ton-ofb Ccrte) hyistots (ETO
) Tnteatid g-mmutaid dgias (LGCT)
n)MoS alisllad Hhytss CMT) 1 hhe inducho sisitehes(STTH
GTOs&1Ge 1s a n e a s t ud m hgh poe aptahio

) Phare Cnidlad tgsdos

Canduchion totuand disnkhon isn a
ma

TThi thystol stnts Cafhoda, and Japidy laahes

no tull
ga to
Atu is pa h
low totand vota
dhap.
Cnduchion with
a

paahes at the me q n y and is

This hype dustu genenallk nohwna Cammutahun.

appiahonu andu knoun

o ped Jstthang a
ili en
Ts is most suts a
ths t t s lyaitaly
Becaun
znisto. uio
a
c o n v l e

calo Enaum a s s i i n Cnellad

as
dowice,ts
cielh
masle
abut I-ISV GoV to
CSCR. Vaac al m rts
nltag A h r at
oN- stt
S5Uo
and a l2 oy V
4 odo V dwios,
2-SV
Hcal : 2 5 V.

Opeuwhion o Thyustos
Sexes

on-sfale

OFFsta

V V 7N

mse dhyuso can be Cenneked

to o a
fo highVolt arO ahns tfoueuen duto the ptodu hun
m eie to puavicla he vokae aat.
nat idenkical
thushs Atsamatyp a
Sprel dhanaa ish husane
honatenshes d, two huudos. ft
4. hossh 6 s t
stat Cwmnt, i r
stata vo toe e s (v, 6 V,).
 C MW-
WM-

Tp
T
Mwm- M L
tid tuhos

owy he wm ockn yotr a n Jequiad

n diodro, t au

hauy natuks
Cone nawks

Hstons, ha vsltosa t
skadwhen e shaaq nslmaly
stato cndithuna. V ovolto
boh suen g 6t ackerks each fusd as shourn
unstun
act skd y cenned
T -8.

dh Thyistms T
P a n l Opeuhon
s.
T

a m i C n t s h a r m a

met sha c
Stahe
(a hzastots
CumukskaM t
H1.9 cmments
, h e load
m panallel
ans
cnnrts

thn
dkaraJTauuhiu. ha
thnassons m
khen ditaences
shane
dua t poen dstnpation
Aus , t1ts pousen
hes,
d:stipation
Cunet han th a
ome and detneasa
tmpnae, and den
Canies tpuahne,
isto Tha iunchon
1chon
maLany ha,
hene bm t5 w t ha &
nL ,

a s tmiuhn,
nCuans

mstanta.
thnlona Maye avided
Tks hwma An awa
Hhahatot.
may domag hat all uni t5 speaat at dsame
cmmn
hecdt smk , So
a
hawq
by
tempeadme,
Connected m
9Ca) ,na b
egistance, as
shoum m i
A Sngal fo ta~e tqua anent shay, hs
wi th each thyairtrn
sies
m Sn unutance .

Cnideku pove los

 A Cmmo)
appunan Cuuat Shaq istns ts do m magnekulty

Ceplel mdudris a« shaun m

53: 9 4 t n e t hoy
().
7mwad
a vo b Ppona pdaniCan benducedo
Ahastot 1, the path A
and timpedanafwhoh
12
thsmdngs ob 1hnshvn n t {as thnough T2
AectuLed
T2 Can be

3 . dr/dt Pteckio cendnhn

hu mnent
manmum
m e to spiAadl
a

A hyasto gines nunchioo. b

h proCem
mouynout
dh a tun-m poCe
tun-n
unitmy veloct
SpRad Veloct
dha
toith ske spltac
1 tast Cempased dua t igh cuend s z daasiy
occn
heat may
a
localn"hst s t " aCeiuHempena
dwita mom fa
s a rudt As an
Ond t h a n hi hi7h d/dt
d/dt
mwt ptoteted ogan speahn
10. Undu steadystati
dwias
Th Plach cal cuuit m br: shu
A t s cvidu
1he
D issklu
skn Dis
hen
example i s 4 T 7s d d
any y h stu
skan fhasth
D. Cond. s a n be vUy high
hih
and lnited
di/de
Cenduchrg t h cust
seeo
mdeckri Le a^shn
,

mdu cdane edyaddy

a

pieche, h
di(dtS,i
So
L-s
T

C
cuntha cuuit uth d
hutt duuhr

cny stnay
sha s is Senies mdudan,mcmdmgdutane
lo dv
de
Paoteuon
Sy Vs
0-

Ls
MW-
s
s
s

9L

Ce)
dVdt pastchon cacuuts

Swith S, m1w 1aa) is clesed at to, a step volta

mayl applied a istot T, d y may e high enough to
tw h davia. Tha d Can mittd by mneth Carau tor G,

as heon m 12-C. vn fska Ti s tuand on, edahage

Cuu db capautn s Imited bj unst K s a s shon m b1n-l).

t h an RC u m t F n a a Ssnwsya ciauit, h e v s l t e a u

RO enmntialy Gs shon m 1- 12(¢) and

c )and
0 nMonitily m
a t cane kound
d O.632 V o-632.s - O
dt Ps Cs
hvauh hubb tme Concrtant - PsCs Can detamina
om oa Hnounvaka dy. val dh Rs isfoud
dt
lom he das chaa C I
Rs
TD
 ma fhan one epvht
tispesie t
os shasm m bjg- I2(4) . The dv s mited by R
dand dascharay
C. (e+e)

ItA disthang wen Suth thot

CiRuat wjt Snuber nohok as

oa Can m a seR
shon T t2(e)
1s
a second adu equarien
The damgins Jaho

L+L

mductan ce 2opeckuely
shes L= stay ndnctan a
wrItune
p ane load

I1. DIACs
Mg M1

N3 MT MT
)Symb6) I
b) Jyml 1
MT
) Cae echi smos
uchon DLACondih
Cven
Hg.13
CnetF s o memen db he
"DIode Altunatrq
A DIAC teumnal,
ust a TRIAC Ath a gat
hytute amay. 4
s
Cituit
DTC is shoum m
1 13().1t eguialordt
Tha ny settion dha
muelad layn dioden. Ein tuo sabol
Sai b wwe.A DIAC K a
PNPN
a4shom m $113C) Lcc) httn depi.
Jemilonduch
suuhned ye huv tumma
 teimanals h deoica, he ns ti
MT,.&MT, a A N o
man

Th diacSTAum luemMes a BTT.

tumaanhs dwica
tal vh on-stai hot ethu psana
be Jortthed f e
A DTAC Can

Smat
u b i l a o a eia Gk TeLAC,
a,t apphed otaç. heSith
hesuitha
-s
is ttnte to n
t to stt
dn-state

dunqnahon
s aita avalenche uakoven vttg
Luekoen v tg
tumma avlanthe
e
K
achievd by smey enccedry
m ehe diehon

noimany dmcd alone

butm
denebut m
hot
hof notmay
Thal DTA G
a

t s h a l d le
noted
RIAG, as shaso m hi.
deoices uh as

wih h i e r
n pnhon
M

TRIAC
DIAC

DLAC tapningPIC

Thyisto Hin CIau tammals,

vama

12- pottnsi
e u s trat

than
cmvtis, dahae woualy zeta
vog
w u a l

utot
Jn my to a high vote 12-3ov
subjted
Pou
i n t is
hald atalouvwte, tyrialy
utcnit
aned att thyut & ih
DV a a d nndividua
behee
CAuitu Jeuid c a n b e accmphts
he
aemphts had
isdahon can at
An h icohon
it CiRLU
gimam m optoonplen CevJd
cend
9ati pule tm optbeonplen
1 ópto m.
exberPhe
tiasnns
- r i l u s s t n (sce),
by tzansistod
phds-ssucn
Le aa phstd dh an LLED, D,
S. Ashott puls to mp
m
a s sha
Ahe po mgriat L tganud!
huns nthephets-SR T &
Thas tre o 1s6lahon teeaigtets Juq
ulns a upanal porasPpy Vc
and mUes dh aT and wujh AHu
 +Ve (14

www.

- TL ()
MM

AAM-

tsoladnF

-15 Ph sCecovpls
RC
Aansists
3 O n junchon ThPei

T
82

UTT Vee

2T

cb) laems
ay Cncet
Ciu
UIT tuneuny
1-16
is tomman
uatd to gerenah
tianistCUIT)

Thunijnchon ett
SCRs. A banc DIT -tArsg
enitt E
E,
tANg bipals
has eamirals ealle
eaminals, he enite
calle the
A UJT
ha
3
3 ,

chn 1-16 Cay. uijanhon hag

ehe mijanhon
has
B,.
Behun B, B2
B,B2
« n too
asene B, & his ernstna

dan dmany onstance 4.7

ange 4.q
e chana tnisdu has valuws
and ha vaws m
m
1a arge
1h
Jeristance Pae
is
min bose

to 9.t k
 i appid he
Capaci C t

When he DC Sppy ve t r caun e emita ciRtuit tha

rt R
changed meh Ahe chagmg akust
s . hestma Canotanl
1Sm dhe Open
UTT
volt Vp i d h is h e s e as
RC. ukn
dhe ensta
is
Jracker tpeak voltg
Vg decays
vlte d undnt,
ndm
et e UJT
UJT
He patea Cams to
e m t t Cea
V Ma ent
prmdt wavetns
wawas

to Ahevaldey
mu
Aputed,
cha yce is
tuns
.and e o n sshoum
c hom m
m 6Cc)
b) l6(G)
o ltages
Vb
ond t a P A
ohta-eitR