Braced and Unbraced Column x

Ma = W.
Step: 1 (load Calculating) 2
Pu = 1.2P.D + 1.6P.L W = psoil.x.(h + h')
Step: 8 (Nominal load strength of
Mu = 1.2M.D + 1.6M.L section by using e) x
w. = P.y
Mu Pn = Cs + Cc - T 2
e= ,
Pu base length = 1.5x
Cc = 0.85.f'c.b.a
Step: 2 (Check for long column) Toe length = Baselength - x
Cs = As(fy-0.85.f'c)
KLu M Stem thickness:
> 34 - 12 1 (Braced) T = [Link]
r M2
Calculate P and Y as before
Fs = Es.∈s (Es calculated before)
KLu
> 22 (Unbraced) Take h only stem height
r d-c
∈s = ×0.0033
c Mu = 1.6 P.Y
M1,M2,K& Lu (Given)
d = h - cover at tension side
r = 0.3h
c = 0.66d And d' = cover
Step: 3 (EI calculation)

EI =
0.2EcIg+EsIs Pn =
1
( ( )) + C (d-d )
C d-
e' c 2
a
s
'

Mu
1+βdns Mn =
h ∅
e' = e + d -
Ec = 57000 f'c 2

[ ]
0.85.β.f'c 87000
pb =
bh 3 (Comparing both Pn eq to get a) fy 87000+fy
Ig =
12 Pn(now) > Pn(previous) 1
pmax = 0.75pb and p = pmax
Es = 29000ksi 2
Step: 9 (Check the assumed φ)

( ) fy
2
h-total cover
Is = total no of bars. d-c m=
2 ∈t = ×0.0033 < 0.002 0.85.f'c
c
Step: 4 (Pc Calculation) total thickness = d - 0.5 - 3
_____END____
 2 EI
Pc = d
(K  u )
2
Design and Check for Retaining h = hstem -
Step: 5 (Cm calculation for braced) 12
wall
C = 0.6 + 0.4
M1 Now find P using this h.
m
M2 - Height of wall
Vu = 1.6P
Step: 6 (Moment magnifier factor) - Thickness of Base (7-10%
C
of H) ∅Vc = 0.85×2× f'c ×b.d
n s =
m

 Pu 
1 -   - Base Length ∅Vc > Vu
 0 .7 5 P 
 c 
1  sin  1  sin  Overturning Check:
(No Cm in Unbraced case) C a
 C  
p
1  sin  1  sin  Calculate Rv and total moment using
Step: 7 (Design moment and load) diagram.
1 2 h
P ah  C a wh  y 
P M 2 3 Calculate P and Y (first step)
Pn = u & Mn = u , ∅ = 0.65
∅ ∅ Total moment
 3h h
2
h FOS =
y  F.Y (overturning moment)
Mc = δns×Mu (Braced) 3 (h  2 h )
Settlement check:
Mc = δns×Ms + Mu (Unbraced)
1 total moment-overturing
P  C wh ( h  2 h  ) a=
Ms will be Given 2
ah
Rv

Mc l
Cases: 1(a > ) , q < 4000psf
e= 3
Pu
 Rv R
q1 = (4l-6a),q2 = 2v (6a-2l),
l2 l

l R
Cases: 2(a = ),q= v
3 l

l 2Rv
Cases: 3(a < ),q=
3 3a

Sliding:

1 2
P ph  C p wh
2 ,F = μRv
F+Pph
FOS = > 1.5
Pah
 Stair Case: 𝑑𝑒 = 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑣𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 − 0.75 − 0.25

Step: 1 𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 2 ) (Assuming a = 0.8)
Assume thickness of slab:
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
4” and 8” for single and double stair. 𝐴𝑠 𝑓
Check for a: 𝑎 = 0.85𝑓𝑦𝑏
𝑎+𝑏 ℎ 𝑐
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 = ( ) . × 150𝑝𝑐𝑓
2 12
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0033 × 𝑏 × 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠
12
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 = 𝑤𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 ( ) Take 𝐴𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝐴𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑢𝑛
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝑠
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = × 150 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 =
12 0.196𝑎
Assume weight of step cover of 7.5 lb/ft Spacing 6”, 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 × 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠
Assume cover weight of landing = 2 lb/ft Net tensile strain: ∈𝑡 =
𝑑𝑒 −𝑐
× 0.0033 > 0.005
𝑐
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠 = 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 + 𝑤𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
Reinforcement for shrinkage:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑤𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝑤𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018 × 𝑏 × 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝑊𝑢 (𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠) = 1.2(𝐷. 𝐿𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑟 ) + 1.6(𝐿. 𝐿) 𝐴𝑠
𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = , 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 12"
𝑊𝑢 (𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔) = 1.2(𝐷. 𝐿𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 ) + 1.6(𝐿. 𝐿) 0.196
For landing:
Step: 2 (for stairs)

Calculating bending moment and steel reinforcement:

Draw moment diagram and calculate Mu at mid span

𝐿 𝐿
Minimum slab thickness: 𝑜𝑟 < 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠
25 28

𝑑 = 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 − 0.75 − 0.5 − 0.25

By using diagram calculate reaction forces. 𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − 2 ) (Assuming a = 0.4)

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝐴𝑠
𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = , 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 12"
0.196
Take 𝐴𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝐴𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛

Flexural check:
𝑊𝑢 𝑑
𝑉𝑢 = (𝑙 − ),∅ = 0.95
∅ 12

∅𝑉𝑢 = 0.75.2. √𝑓′𝑐 × 𝑏. 𝑑

Moment at mid span as shown:
∅𝑉𝑐 > 𝑉𝑢
Find Mu.
Reciprocal method: Maat foundation. Average soil reaction;

Y axis: Column dead load= sum of all DL

𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑒𝑥 Column Live load= sum of all L.L

𝛾= , =,
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ ℎ(𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ)
Service load= Total DL+ Total LL
𝐴𝑠𝑡
= Factored Load=1.2 DL+1.6LL
𝑏.ℎ
By using gamma from the Ix=bh³/12 , Iy=hb³/12 Similar for other strips, soil reaction
graph.
1
𝑆. 𝑅 = (𝑞1 + 𝑞2)(𝑤𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 )(ℎ)
2
Sum of SR= Sum of Column Load

X-axis: similar to y-axis; Reinforcement requirement:

Q= service load, y = strip distance Q1=1.2DL+1.6LL (strip 1)
After that
Similar for other strips.

,
load contour:
Y axis:
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑒𝑥
𝛾= , =,
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ ℎ(𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ)
𝐴𝑠𝑡 Determination of Mat Thickness;
=
𝑏.ℎ
Wu=1.2Dl+1.6LL (external column)
,∅ = 0.65
𝑑
𝑏𝑜 = 2 (36 + 2 ) + 924 + 𝑑)
By using gamma from the
graph.

X-axis: similar to y-axis;

After that

∅𝑉𝑐 ≥ 𝑊𝑢, pi = 0.85

Pn is Pu as given in question
As=0.00333.b.d
In main formula divide, ∅ =
0.65 with Mnx and Mny Divide eq by 1000 and compare to Use 9 bars 10 in spacing c to c
get value of d. (internal column)
Similar for negative
reinforcement.

Find d similar to external column.

Add 3 in cover and 1 in dia of bar
in d to get h of slab