Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Saint Teresa School of Hilongos, Inc.
R.V. Villaflores St., Hilongos, Leyte 6524
S.Y. 2025-2026
SCIENCE 7
LESSON: Properties of Acidic, Basic and Salt Solutions
OBJECTIVE: Identify the Properties of Acidic, Basic and Salt Solutions.
DISCUSSION:
Some of the substances we use every day at home and in school can actually be classified as acids,
bases, or salts. We can identify them with the help of a litmus indicator — a simple tool that is made
from plant-like organism called Lichen that is bluish in basic environment and redish in acidic
environment thus the paper will change its color depending on the substance they are tested on.
Acids
An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion)
to another substance and forms hydronium ions (H3O).
Properties of Acids
It turns blue color litmus paper into red.
It has a sour taste.
Its pH value ranges from 0 to 6.
Examples:
1. Acetic acid - present in vinegar
2. Citric acid - present in fruit juices
3. Muriatic acid - a solution with 10-12% hydrochloric acid used for cleaning toilet bowls and tiles.
Bases
A base is a molecule or ion able to accept a hydrogen ion from an acid. Any of a class of compounds
that form hydroxyl ions (OH).
Properties of Bases:
Bases turn red litmus into blue.
The taste of bases is bitter
Soapy/slippery to touch.
Its pH value ranges from 8 to 14.
Examples:
1. Sodium Hydroxide - used in making soaps and drain cleaner cleaners.
2. Aluminum hydroxide- used in antacids, a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity and is
used to relieve heartburn or an upset stomach.
3. Common bases found at home.
o Toothpaste
o Bleach
o Washing powder
Salts
Salts are substances formed when an acid reacts with a base in a neutralization reaction.
Properties:
Usually do not change the color of litmus paper (neutral), but some salts can be slightly acidic or
basic.
Often taste salty.
Its pH value is 7.
Examples:
1. Table salt (sodium chloride) – used in cooking
2. Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) – used in baths and gardening
Practical Connection
Some household and school substances like vinegar, bleach, and toothpaste are acids, bases, or salts.
Knowing their properties through litmus tests helps us handle them safely. Always read labels, wear
protection, avoid tasting unknown chemicals, and store them properly to prevent accidents and protect
health.
POST-DISCUSSION ACTIVITY: Identify ME!
(NOTE: Write and answer this in your Notebook as Activity 1.4)
Direction: Identify the properties through completing the diagram by pasting properties written in
paper stripes.
SOLUTIONS
ACID SALT BASE
Taste: Taste: Taste:
Litmus Paper: Litmus Paper: Litmus Paper:
pH Value: pH Value: pH Value
Hydrogen Ions: Hydrogen Ions: Hydrogen Ions:
ASSESSMENT:
(NOTE: Write and answer this in your Notebook)
Instruction: Identify the properties of acidic and basic substances. Write letter A if the property refers to
acid, write B if the property refers to base, and write S if the property refers to salt.
Example: Taste sour - A
1. Usually do not change the color of litmus paper.
2. It’s pH value ranges from 8 to 14.
3. Acids donates hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
4. Turns blue color litmus paper into red.
5. The taste is bitter.
TO DO SUBMISSION
INSTRUCTION
ACTIVITY: Identify ME! Submit on the Messenger GC
before or on…
Direction: Identify the properties through completing the diagram by 10:00 AM for Saint Paul
pasting properties written in paper stripes. and
11:30 AM for Saint James.
SOLUTIONS
ACID SALT BASE
Taste: Taste: Taste:
Litmus Paper: Litmus Paper: Litmus Paper:
pH Value: pH Value: pH Value
Hydrogen Ions: Hydrogen Ions: Hydrogen Ions:
ASSESSMENT: Submit on the Messenger GC
before or on…
Direction: Identify the properties of acidic and basic substances. Write 10:00 AM for Saint Paul
letter A if the property refers to acid, write B if the property refers to and
base, and write S if the property refers to salt. 11:30 AM for Saint James.
Example: Taste sour - A
1. Usually do not change the color of litmus paper.
2. It’s pH value ranges from 8 to 14.
3. Acids donates hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
4. Turns blue color litmus paper into red.
5. The taste is bitter.