BOTANY PRACTICAL NOTES
Question No 1A
Prepare a T.S of the given specimen A and identify giving reasons. Draw the ground plan and label
the parts(Preparation-2,Labelled diagram-1½,Identification-½,Reasons-2)
a) DICOT STEM
Identification-The given material is Dicot stem
Reason
[Link] vascular bundle
[Link] is endarch. Hence the material is stem
[Link] bundles are limited in number and
arranged in a ring manner.
[Link] bundles are open with cambium.
[Link] Collenchymatous
Hence it is Dicot stem
b) MONOCOT STEM
Identification-The given material is Monocot stem
Reason
[Link] bundles are conjoint
[Link] is endarch ,
hence the material is stem
Epidermis
[Link] bundles are numerous
[Link] bundles in scattered form
[Link] lacuna is present
[Link] vascular bundles(cambium absent)
hence monocot stem
c)MONOCOT ROOT
Identification-The given material is
Monocot root
Reason
[Link] vascular bundles
[Link] xylem
[Link] homogenous
Hence root
[Link] and phloem groups are numerous
[Link] bundles round in shape
[Link] pith
Hence Monocot root
Question No 2B
Identify the given material by giving reasons.(Identification – ½,Reason- ½ )
(Microscopic)
a) Oscillatoria Filament
[Link] unbranched blue green algae
[Link] fixing cyanobacteria
[Link] separation discs called necridium present.
b)Rhizopus-Mycelia with Sporangia
[Link] is aseptate and branched with rhizoids,stolons and sporangiophores
[Link] possess sporangium which contain spores
[Link] fungus
c)Spirogyra-Vegetative filament
[Link] unbranched green algae
[Link] have spirally coiled chloroplasts
[Link] are longer than broad
d)Moss protonema
[Link],branched,green filamentous structure formed as a result of germination of spore
[Link] bears rhizoids and buds
e) Fern Prothallus
[Link],flat heart shaped photosynthetic gametophyte of ferns
[Link] antheridia and archegonia are present in the ventral region.
(Macroscopic)
a) Agaricus Basidiocarp
[Link] body of Agaricus
[Link] contain stipe,pileus and gills
[Link] is a saprophytic fungus.
b) Sargassum-Vegetative thallus
[Link] body consist of holdfast,axis and laterals
[Link] laterals form receptacles,air bladders and leaves
[Link] is a Brown algae.
c) Funaria-Gametophyte with Sporophyte
[Link] body consist of gametophyte and sporophyte
[Link] gametophyte consists of rhizoids,stem and leaves
[Link] is divided into foot,seta and capsule.
d) Pinus-Male cone
[Link] consist of microsporophyllls bearing microsporangia
[Link] cone arise in clusters
[Link] microsporangium contains winged pollengrains.
e) Pinus-Female Cone
[Link] consist of spirally arranged megasporophylls
[Link] megasporophyll has two ovules in its base
[Link] are born within the ovule
Question No 2C
Identify the given material by giving reasons.(Identification – ½,Reason- ½ )
a) Bt Cotton
[Link] is a genetically modified cotton plant
[Link] contain Bt toxin gene,cry gene
[Link] is an insect resistant transgenic plant.
b) Bioreactor
[Link] culture vessels in which raw materials areconverted into biological products
[Link] has an agitator system,an oxygen delivery systemand a pH control system.
c) Cloning Vector-pBR 322
[Link] is a plasmid vector which carries foreign genes.
[Link] contains ori site, rop, cloning sites and selectable markers
Question No 3D
Identify the given stage D of mitosis and give reasons((Identification – ½,Reason- ½ )
a) Metaphase
[Link] are arranged at the equator of the cell
[Link] membrane and nucleolus disappears
[Link] fibres are attached at the centromere of chromosomes
b) Anaphase
[Link] splits,chromatids separate
[Link] fibres become shorter
[Link] chromosomes move towards opposite poles.
Question No 4E
Write the aim of the experiment [Link] and label the parts.(Aim- ½,Labelled diagram-1)
a)Aim- to demonstrate the evolution of oxygen during photosynthesis
b)Aim- To separate the photosynthetic pigments by using paper chromatography
c)Aim-To study the process of yeast fermentation and production of alcohol
(a) (b) (c)
Question No 5F
Observe the given flower,F. Describe its floral whorl, calyx/corolla/gynoecium (any one) using any
three technical terms.
Calyx
Sepals 5,Gamosepalous(Sepals united),Sepals persistent,Valvate aestivation
Corolla
Petals 5,Gamopetalous(Petals united),Valvate aestivation
Gynoecium
Bicarpellary,Syncarpous,Bilocular,Ovary superior,Axile placentation
Question No 6G.
Write down the ecological interactions of the specimen G (Name of interaction-1,Description -1)
a) Cuscuta/Loranthus
PARASITISM(+,-)
In parasitism,one species is benefitted and the other species is harmed
Cuscuta is a total stem parasite and takes food from the host plant.
Loranthus is a semi stem parasite and takes water and minerals from the host plant by haustoria.
b) Vanda
COMMENSALISM(+,0)
It is the interaction between two organisms in which one organism benefits while the other is
neither benefitted nor harmed
Vanda is an epiphyte which grow on other plants only for support.
c) Lichen
MUTUALISM(+,+)
Lichen is a symbiotic association between algae and fungi.
Here both the species are benefitted,the algae synthesize food and fungi provide shelter.
Question No 7H.
Prepare a C.S of the given specimen H. Draw diagram and label any four parts(Section-1
Labelled diagram-2)