WEEK 8,9
METAL WORK HAND TOOLS
Metalwork is the process of making articles with thin sheet of metal whose
thickness is about 5mm or less.
Marking out tools
a. Surface plate and surface table :these are used for marking out accurately,
checking flatness and alignment i.e checking height and parallelism etc. The
surface plate and surface table should be cleaned,lightly oiled and covered with
a lid after use.
b. Scriber: this is used for marking straight lines on metal with steel rule and try
square. It is made of high –carbon steel ,hardened and tempered.
c. Odd-Leg Calliper: this tool has two legs,one straight and the other curved
towards the end .the legs can be spread to achieve any required [Link] can also
be called Jenny [Link] is used for the following purposes:
i. Marking of scribe lines parallel to an edge
ii. Marking centre lines
iii. Finding the centres of round bars
[Link]: this tool has two straight legs with pointed [Link] is used for
i. Marking out circles and semicircles
ii. Setting out distances from steel rule
e. Centre /Dot punch: this is used for making small dots on metal where holes
are to be made
[Link] square :this is used for measuring and checking angles of 90o or
sqaureness of [Link] can also be used for marking out lines at right angles to a
given surface with a scriber.
Measuring tools and gauges
As in the woodwork ,the same basic of measuring carefully before cutting or
punching holes in the metal applies.
a. Steel rule is an accurate measuring device for measuring the distance
between two points. It can also be used as a straight edge for checking
purposes
b. Callipers:(inside and outside) .Inside calliper is used to measure the
inside dimension of a hole in an object .Outside calliper is used to
measure the outside diameter of a round bar or any object.
N.B never force the legs of the calliper over the work(outside)or inside
the hole(inside) to avoid distortion.
c. Centre square:is used for drawing or marking lines across the end of a
round bar.
d. Protractor:is used for measuring angles in degrees.
e. Micrometer screwgauge
f. Vernier calliper:is used from measuring both internal and external
dimensions over a wider range than is possible with a micrometer.
Driving Tools
[Link]
I. Ball peen hammer:is general purpose hammer and the ball peen section
and the hammer is good for riveting.
II. Straight peen hammer
[Link] head hammer:is generally used by sheet metal workersbecause
of the face of the hammer
IV. Cross peen hammer
V. Planishing head hammer:is generally used by a panel beater.
[Link]
Metal punches are strong tools made of steel.
I. Centre punch:is used for making small dots in positions where holes are
to be made on metal.
II. Pin punch:is used for removing rivets ,cotter,pins etc
[Link] punch :is also called automatic punch because it can be spring loaded
and [Link] spring loaded,it does not need a hammer to punch the dot.d
c. Spanners
It could be a single headed or double headed. The end of the spanners also
come in different sizes to accommodate different sizes of screw heads.
[Link]
are used for inserting and removing screws
Cutting Tools
They include chisels, files and saws
a. Chisels: are metal tools with sharp edges that are used to shape metals. They
are called cold chisels because they are used to cut cold metals:
they are four main types: flat chisel, cross out chisel,half round and diamond
point chisel
b. Files are made of cast steel .They are used in metal work to file down rough
surfaces and edges and to finish off and shape edges before using waterpaper(a
type of sand paper suited to metal)to get a smooth surface. Examples are hand
flat file,flat file,square file ,half round file,round file.
c. Saws are used for cutting metals in the workshop
E.g Hacksaw