INTEGRALS – ALL IMPORTANT FORMULAS
(CBSE Class 12 – NCERT)
1. Standard Integrals
1 ∫ dx = x + C
2 ∫ x■ dx = (x■■¹)/(n+1) + C, n ≠ −1
3 ∫ 1/x dx = ln|x| + C
4 ∫ e■ dx = e■ + C
5 ∫ a■ dx = a■ / ln a + C
6 ∫ sin x dx = −cos x + C
7 ∫ cos x dx = sin x + C
8 ∫ sec²x dx = tan x + C
9 ∫ cosec²x dx = −cot x + C
10 ∫ sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
11 ∫ cosec x cot x dx = −cosec x + C
12 ∫ tan x dx = ln|sec x| + C
13 ∫ cot x dx = ln|sin x| + C
14 ∫ sec x dx = ln|sec x + tan x| + C
15 ∫ cosec x dx = ln|cosec x − cot x| + C
2. Inverse Trigonometric Integrals
1 ∫ 1/√(a² − x²) dx = sin■¹(x/a) + C
2 ∫ 1/(a² + x²) dx = (1/a) tan■¹(x/a) + C
3 ∫ 1/(x√(x² − a²)) dx = (1/a) sec■¹(|x|/a) + C
4 ∫ 1/(x² − a²) dx = (1/2a) ln |(x−a)/(x+a)| + C
3. Properties of Integrals
1 ∫ [f(x) ± g(x)] dx = ∫ f(x) dx ± ∫ g(x) dx
2 ∫ k f(x) dx = k ∫ f(x) dx
3 ∫■■ f(x) dx = ∫■■ f(a − x) dx
4 ∫■■■ f(x) dx = 0, if f(x) is odd
5 ∫■■■ f(x) dx = 2∫■■ f(x) dx, if f(x) is even
4. Definite Integrals
1 ∫■■ f(x) dx = F(b) − F(a)
2 ∫■■ f(x) dx = − ∫■■ f(x) dx
3 ∫■■ f(x) dx = 0