Constants
A constant is a type of variable whose value cannot be changed.
Declaring and assigning value to a constant
Create a [Link]:
PI = 3.14
GRAVITY = 9.8
Create a [Link]:
import constant
print([Link])
print([Link])
Output
3.14
9.8
Rules and Naming Convention for Variables and constant
Constant and variable names should have a combination of letters in lowercase (a to z) or
uppercase (A to Z) or digits (0 to 9) or an underscore (_). For example:
snake_case
MACRO_CASE
camelCase
CapWords
Create a name that makes sense. For example, vowel makes more sense than v .
If you want to create a variable name having two words, use underscore to separate them. For
example:
my_name
current_salary
Use capital letters possible to declare a constant. For example:
PI
MASS
SPEED_OF_LIGHT
TEMP
Never use special symbols like !, @, #, $, %, etc.
Don't start a variable name with a digit.
Literals
Literal is a raw data given in a variable or constant. In Python, there are
various types of literals they are as follows:
Numeric Literals
Numeric Literals are immutable (unchangeable). Numeric literals can belong
to 3 different numerical types: Integer , Float , and Complex .
How to use Numeric literals in Python?
a = 0b1010 #Binary Literals
b = 100 #Decimal Literal
c = 0o310 #Octal Literal
d = 0x12c #Hexadecimal Literal
#Float Literal
float_1 = 10.5
float_2 = 1.5e2
#Complex Literal
x = 3.14j
print(a, b, c, d)
print(float_1, float_2)
print(x, [Link], [Link])
Output
10 100 200 300
10.5 150.0
3.14j 3.14 0.0
String literals
A string literal is a sequence of characters surrounded by quotes. We can use
both single, double, or triple quotes for a string. And, a character literal is a
single character surrounded by single or double quotes.
strings = "This is Python"
char = "C"
multiline_str = """This is a multiline string with more than one line
code."""
unicode = u"\u00dcnic\u00f6de"
raw_str = r"raw \n string"
print(strings)
print(char)
print(multiline_str)
print(unicode)
print(raw_str)
Output
This is Python
C
This is a multiline string with more than one line code.
Ünicöde
raw \n string
Boolean literals
A Boolean literal can have any of the two values: True or False .
How to use boolean literals in Python?
x = (1 == True)
y = (1 == False)
a = True + 4
b = False + 10
print("x is", x)
print("y is", y)
print("a:", a)
print("b:", b)
Output
x is True
y is False
a: 5
b: 10
Special literals
Python contains one special literal i.e. None . We use it to specify that the field
has not been created.
How to use special literals in Python?
drink = "Available"
food = None
def menu(x):
if x == drink:
print(drink)
else:
print(food)
menu(drink)
menu(food)
Output
Available
None
Literal Collections
There are four different literal collections List literals, Tuple literals, Dict
literals, and Set literals.
How to use literals collections in Python?
fruits = ["apple", "mango", "orange"] #list
numbers = (1, 2, 3) #tuple
alphabets = {'a':'apple', 'b':'ball', 'c':'cat'} #dictionary
vowels = {'a', 'e', 'i' , 'o', 'u'} #set
print(fruits)
print(numbers)
print(alphabets)
print(vowels)
Output
['apple', 'mango', 'orange']
(1, 2, 3)
{'a': 'apple', 'b': 'ball', 'c': 'cat'}
{'e', 'a', 'o', 'i', 'u'}