JAVA LAB – VIVA QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (Experiment-wise)
EXPERIMENT – 1: Java Fundamentals
1. What are primitive data types in Java?
Primitive data types are basic data types that store simple values.
They are: byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean.
2. What is the default value of primitive data types?
Data Type Default Value
byte 0
short 0
int 0
long 0L
float 0.0f
double 0.0
char '\u0000'
boolean false
3. What is a control structure?
Control structures determine the flow of execution of a program.
Examples: if, if-else, switch, for, while, do-while.
4. What is a quadratic equation?
An equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0.
5. What is discriminant?
Discriminant D = b² − 4ac determines the nature of roots.
6. Nature of roots based on discriminant value?
D > 0 → Two distinct real roots
D = 0 → Two equal real roots
D < 0 → Complex roots
EXPERIMENT – 2: Searching, Sorting, Strings
7. What is binary search?
Binary search is a searching technique that works on sorted arrays by repeatedly dividing the
search interval into half.
8. Time complexity of binary search?
O(log n)
9. What is bubble sort?
Bubble sort repeatedly compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong
order.
10. Time complexity of bubble sort?
Worst case: O(n²)
Best case: O(n) (optimized)
11. What is StringBuffer?
StringBuffer is a mutable class used to modify strings.
12. Difference between String and StringBuffer?
String StringBuffer
Immutable Mutable
Slower Faster
Thread-safe Thread-safe
EXPERIMENT – 3: Classes, Methods, Constructors
13. What is a class?
A class is a blueprint that defines properties and methods of an object.
14. What is an object?
An object is an instance of a class.
15. What is a method?
A method is a block of code that performs a specific task.
16. What is method overloading?
Defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.
17. Is method overloading compile-time or run-time?
Compile-time polymorphism
18. What is a constructor?
A constructor is a special method used to initialize objects.
19. Rules for constructors?
Same name as class
No return type
Automatically invoked
20. What is constructor overloading?
Multiple constructors in a class with different parameter lists.
EXPERIMENT – 4: Inheritance & Abstraction
21. What is inheritance?
Inheritance allows one class to acquire properties of another class using extends keyword.
22. Types of inheritance in Java?
Single
Multilevel
Hierarchical
(Multiple inheritance is not supported using classes)
23. What is an abstract class?
A class declared with abstract keyword that may contain abstract methods.
24. Can we create object of abstract class?
❌No, we cannot instantiate an abstract class.
25. Why abstract classes are used?
To provide partial implementation and enforce method overriding.
EXPERIMENT – 5: Polymorphism, Interface, super
26. What is super keyword?
Used to:
Refer parent class variables
Call parent class constructor
27. What is an interface?
An interface is a blueprint containing abstract methods and constants.
28. How do we implement an interface?
Using the implements keyword.
29. What inheritance does interface support?
Multiple inheritance
30. What is runtime polymorphism?
Method overriding where method call is resolved at runtime.
31. Which keyword is used for runtime polymorphism?
method overriding
EXPERIMENT – 6: Exception Handling
32. What is an exception?
An exception is an event that disrupts normal execution of a program.
33. Difference between error and exception?
Error Exception
Compile/Runtime Runtime
Not recoverable Recoverable
34. What are keywords used in exception handling?
try, catch, finally, throw, throws
35. What is multiple catch?
Handling multiple exceptions using multiple catch blocks.
36. What is a user-defined exception?
Custom exception created by extending Exception class.
EXPERIMENT – 7: Multithreading
37. What is a thread?
A thread is a lightweight process.
38. How to create a thread?
Extend Thread class
Implement Runnable interface
39. Difference between Thread and Runnable?
Runnable is preferred because it supports multiple inheritance.
40. What is isAlive() method?
Checks whether a thread is still running.
41. What is join() method?
Makes one thread wait until another thread completes.
42. What is a daemon thread?
A background thread that runs until all user threads finish.
43. What is Producer-Consumer problem?
A classic synchronization problem using wait() and notify().
EXPERIMENT – 8: Packages & JavaFX
44. What is a package?
A package is a group of related classes and interfaces.
45. Why packages are used?
Code reusability
Namespace management
Access protection
46. What is JavaFX?
JavaFX is a framework for building GUI applications in Java.
47. What is Label in JavaFX?
Used to display text.
48. What is ImageView?
Used to display images in JavaFX.
49. What is event handling?
Responding to user actions like button click.
EXPERIMENT – 9: JDBC
50. What is JDBC?
Java Database Connectivity is an API to connect Java applications with databases.
51. Steps to connect JDBC?
Load driver
Create connection
Create statement
Execute query
Close connection
52. What is DriverManager?
Manages database drivers.
53. What is PreparedStatement?
Used to execute parameterized queries.
54. Advantage of JDBC?
Platform independent
Secure database interaction
55. What SQL operations are commonly used?
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE