SANKALP STUDY SUCCESS
Way to Learn and Key to Success
Data Structures Codings
Lists
Q1. Create a list and perform indexing/slicing.
nums = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print(nums[0]) # first element → 10
print(nums[-1]) # last element → 50
print(nums[:3]) # first 3 elements → [10,20,30]
print(nums[-2:]) # last 2 elements → [40,50]
Q2. Add, insert, remove, pop, delete, clear.
letters = ['a','b','c']
[Link]('d') # add
[Link](0,'z') # insert at index 0
[Link]('b') # remove value
[Link]() # remove last
del letters[1] # delete by index
[Link]() # clear all
print(letters) # []
Q3. Difference between copy vs reference.
l1 = [1,2,3]
l2 = l1 # reference (same memory)
l3 = [Link]() # shallow copy (new object)
l1[0] = 99
print(l1) # [99,2,3]
print(l2) # [99,2,3] → changes reflect
print(l3) # [1,2,3] → independent
Q4. Membership operator.
langs = ['c','java','python']
print('python' in langs) # True
print('go' not in langs) # True
Q5. Loop with enumerate.
langs = ['c','java','python']
for i, v in enumerate(langs):
print(i, v)
#0c
# 1 java
# 2 python
Q6. Sorting: ascending, descending, sort() vs sorted().
data = [9,5,2,99,12,88,34]
print(sorted(data)) # [2,5,9,12,34,88,99]
print(sorted(data, reverse=True)) # [99,88,34,12,9,5,2]
[Link]() # in-place ascending
print(data) # [2,5,9,12,34,88,99]
Q7. List comprehension.
evens = [i for i in range(20) if i % 2 == 0]
squares = [n*n for n in range(10)]
filtered = [i for i in range(200) if i%3==0 if i%9==0 if i%12==0]
print(evens) # [0,2,4,...,18]
print(squares) # [0,1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81]
print(filtered) # [0,36,72,108,144,180]
Q8. Extract digits and letters from a string.
s = "One 1 two 2 three 3 four 4 six 6789"
digits = [ch for ch in s if [Link]()]
letters = [ch for ch in s if [Link]()]
print(digits) # ['1','2','3','4','6','7','8','9']
print(letters) # ['O','n','e','t','w','o','t','h','r','e','e',...]
Tuples
Q9. Indexing and slicing.
t = ('one','two','three','four','five')
print(t[0]) # one
print(t[-1]) # five
print(t[1:4]) # ('two','three','four')
Q10. Immutability check.
t = (1,2,3)
# t[0] = 10 # ❌ Error → 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
Q11. Tuple methods: count() and index().
t = (1,2,3,2,4,2,5)
print([Link](2)) #3
print([Link](4)) #4
Sets
Q12. Set creation.
s = {1,2,3,4}
print(s) # {1,2,3,4}
Q13. Operations: union, intersection, difference, symmetric difference.
a = {1,2,3,4}
b = {3,4,5,6}
print(a | b) # {1,2,3,4,5,6}
print(a & b) # {3,4}
print(a - b) # {1,2}
print(a ^ b) # {1,2,5,6}
Q14. add(), remove(), discard(), pop(), clear().
s = {1,2,3}
[Link](4)
[Link](2)
[Link](10) # no error if not present
[Link]() # removes random element
[Link]() # empty set
print(s) # set()
Dictionaries
Q15. Dictionary creation.
student = {'id':101, 'name':'Alice', 'marks':90}
print(student)
Q16. Access values: [] vs get().
student = {'id':101, 'name':'Alice'}
print(student['id']) # 101
print([Link]('age')) # None (safe access)
Q17. Add new key, update value, delete key.
d = {'a':1, 'b':2}
d['c'] = 3 # add
d['a'] = 10 # update
del d['b'] # delete
print(d) # {'a':10, 'c':3}
Q18. Loop through keys, values, items.
d = {'x':10,'y':20,'z':30}
for k in d:
print(k) # keys
for v in [Link]():
print(v) # values
for k,v in [Link]():
print(k,v) # key-value pairs
Q19. Dictionary comprehension.
squares = {n:n*n for n in range(1,6)}
print(squares) # {1:1, 2:4, 3:9, 4:16, 5:25}