Earth and Life Science

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Rocks

CO_Q1_ELS SHS
Module 1
Earth and Life Science
Lesson 4: Rocks
 What I Need to Know

 Lesson 1 – Types of Rocks and their Properties

MELC: Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. S11/12ES-
Ib-10.

After going through this lesson you are expected to:

1. identify the three types of rocks;
2. classify rocks as to igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; and
3. appreciate the importance of rocks in our daily life.

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 Pretest

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Rocks vary in color, size, texture and shape. They are classified based on how
they were formed. Which of the following deals with the study of rocks?
A. Biology
B. Geology
C. Paleontology
D. Petrology
2. Halite is made when a body of seawater becomes closed off and evaporates and
salt precipitates out and is deposited as crystallized halite. What type of
sedimentary rock is formed?
A. Clastic
B. Chemical
C. Organic
D. Pyroclastic
3. Igneous rock is divided into two groups, extrusive and intrusive. Extrusive
igneous rocks form when magma makes its way to its surface as lava and then
cools, forming rocks. Which will be the characteristics of the crystals?
A. Crystals are coarse grained.
B. Crystals are fine grained.
C. Crystals are very large.
D. Crystals are phaneritic
4. Regional metamorphism occurs due to changes in pressure and temperature
over a large region of the crust. It may happen when rock is buried deep below
the surface or where pieces of the Earth’s crust collide. Which is a metamorphic
rock?
A. Breccia
B. Conglomerate
C. Marble
D. Sandstone
5. Igneous and metamorphic rock can be buried and undergo tremendous heating
and stress. What is the process of transformation of one rock type into another?
A. Compaction
B. Lithification
C. Metamorphism
D. weathering
6. What type of rocks are formed from sediments over long period of time?
A. Igneous Rocks
B. Sedimentary Rocks
C. Metamorphic Rocks
D. Minerals
7. This refers to type of rock that was heated and compressed over time.
A. Igneous
B. Sedimentary
C. Metamorphic
D. All of the above

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8. What is the natural process that causes one kind of rock to change into
another kind?
A. Weathering
B. Rock Cycle
C. Sediments
D. Metamorphism
9. A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is termed as:
A. Intrusive metamorphic rock
B. Extrusive sedimentary rock
C. Intrusive igneous rock
D. Extrusive igneous rock
10. Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock?
A. Limestone
B. Coal
C. Sandstone
D. Granite
11. Which of the following represents the correct order of the processes responsible
for the formation of sedimentary rocks?
A. Erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition
B. Compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion
C. Deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering
D. Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
12. A student obtained a cup of quartz sand from a beach. A saltwater solution is
poured into the sand and allowed to evaporate. The mineral residue from salt
water solution bonds the sand grains together, forming a material that is
most likely an:
A. extrusive igneous rock
B. intrusive igneous rock
C. metamorphic rock
D. sedimentary rock
13. Which of the following is true about rocks?
A. Rocks are composed of only one mineral.
B. Most rocks are a mixture of minerals.
C. Rocks do not contain minerals.
D. Coal is not considered a rock.
14. What is the type of rock formed from lava that cools quickly that results to finer
grain and smaller size of crystals?
A. Extrusive igneous rock
B. Intrusive igneous rock
C. Sedimentary rock
D. Metamorphic rock
15. Fossils are found on this type of rocks.
A. Extrusive igneous rock
B. Intrusive igneous rock
C. Sedimentary rock
D. Metamorphic rock

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Petrology is the scientific study of rocks. Rocks are
combined aggregation of minerals. Petrologist
classified rocks based on how they were formed. In
general, rocks are classified as igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic rock.

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 What’s New

Activity 1 Word Cryptogram

Directions: Arrange the letters to form the correct words by placing the correct letter
sequence in the shaded box. Then, answer the riddle below by using the
corresponding letters found in the numbered boxes in each item.

E M N I S T D A Y E R
S E D I M E N T A R Y
1

E M A I H T P C M E R

G E N O S U C O R I K

V A C N I O L

C A S I L T C

6 5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Riddle: the layers of sediments that accumulated and carry the records of the
Earth’s history.

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 What is It

Earth is a solid rock to a depth of 2,900 kilometers, where mantle meets the liquid
outer core. A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals.
The aggregate minerals forming the rocks are held together by chemical bonds.
Grains can be different in color, texture, and sizes. Geologists then group rocks into
three categories based on how the rocks form: igneous sedimentary and
metamorphic rock. Petrology is the scientific study of rocks. Petrologists classify
rocks based on how they were formed.
Three types of Rocks
Igneous- formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten material
that originates deep within the earth.
Two types of igneous rock:
A. Extrusive/Volcanic rock - forms when magma makes its way to Earth’s
surface as lava and then cools. The crystals are very small (fine-grained)
since the cooling process is fast.
B. Intrusive/Plutonic - It cools slowly beneath the Earth surface and are
created by magma. The intrusive igneous rocks have very large crystals (coarse
grained).
Igneous rocks are classified based on
1. Composition- it refers to rock’s mineral and chemical make-up.
Felsic – igneous rocks that are light in colors; feldspar and silicates
Mafic – dark-colored igneous rocks made up of magnesium, calcium and iron
Intermediate – refers to igneous rocks between mafic and felsic composition.
Ultramafic – denotes igneous rocks that composed chiefly of mafic minerals.
2. Texture - overall appearance of a rock based on the size, shape, and arrangement
of interlocking mineral crystals.
Aphanistic – fine-grained rocks with crystals seen by aid of microscope.
Phaneritic - coarse-grained rocks
Porphyritic – large crystals with small crystals
Glassy - a rock that looks like colored glass with no visible mineral crystal.
Pyroclastic- results from explosive fragmentation of volcanic material.
Examples:
Obsidian, pumice, basalt, granite, diorite, gabbro

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Metamorphic - forms from pre-existing rocks: either metamorphic, igneous,
sedimentary or other metamorphic rocks that have been altered by agents of
metamorphism.
Examples: quartzite, marble, slate, phyllite
Metamorphism - transformation of one rock type into
another.
2 types of metamorphism
1. Regional-due to changes in pressure and temperature over large region of the
crust. It may happen when rock is buried deep below the surface of the earth.
2. Contact-the rock minerals and textures are changed mainly by heat due to
contact with magma.

Classification:
1. Texture - refers to the size arrangement and grains within the rock.
Foliation - any planar arrangement of mineral grains or structural features
within the rock.
a. Foliated rocks – can be arranged in terms of increasing metamorphism,
and it appeared layered or banded with compressed mineral grains.
Example: mica
b. Non-foliated rocks – usually made up of only few minerals.

Sedimentary rocks provide information about surface conditions that existed in the
Earth’s past.
 Particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of materials called
sediments, accumulate in layers and over long period of time harden into
rocks.
 Compaction-due to increase of pressure of layered sediments it bind together
to form the sedimentary rocks.

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Three types of sedimentary rocks
a. Clastic Sedimentary rock - formed from accumulation of clasts: little pieces
of broken rocks and shells. Examples: conglomerate, breccia, sandstone,
shale
b. Chemical - formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution.
Example: Halite - formed when a body of seawater becomes closed off and
evaporates.
c. Organic - rocks formed from the accumulation of animal debris
Example: Coal - composed of organic matter in the form of plants fragments.

Activity 2 Name It!

Identify and classify the types of rocks below as to igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic rock.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

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Activity 3 Picture Perfect!
Collect at least five rock samples in your place and take a photo of the samples.
Describe the characteristics of each rock depending on their appearance, texture,
color, and layers (or bands). Then classify them as to igneous, sedimentary, or
metamorphic rock. Place the photo of rocks on the box and the needed data on the
space provided.

Type of Rock:

Description:

Importance:

Type of Rock:

Description:

Importance:

Type of Rock:

Description:

Importance:

Type of Rock:

Description:

Importance:

Type of Rock:

Description:

Importance:

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 What’s More

Understanding Science Words

Activity 4 Crossword Puzzle
Complete the crossword puzzle by answering the questions below.

10O

9P
1C 7A C
2C

6E
8C

3M
I
4R

5P

ACROSS
1. rocks formed from accumulation of clasts little pieces
2. formation of igneous rocks due to hardening of magma
3. transformation of one rock type into another
4. combined aggregation of minerals
5. composed of ejected fragments
6. a.k.a. volcanic rock
7. fine-grained rock
DOWNWARD
8. sediments bind together due to increase in pressure
9. coarse-grained
10. sedimentary rocks formed from plants and animals.

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 5 Let’s Compare!

Fill in the table below by providing basic information about the types of rocks. You
may refer to the words in the box below.

Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

Types

Examples

Process of
formation

WORD LISTS
lithification pumice clastic

metamorphism sandstone intrusive

cooling andesite extrusive
cementation slate non- clastic
deposition marble contact

Activity 6 Compare Me!

Fill in the Venn Diagram to determine the similarities and differences of the three
types of rocks.

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 What I Can Do

Reflect upon:

Rocks are all around us. It is used for building materials, cars, roads, and
appliances. As a senior high school student, how can you promote the
sustainable development in utilizing these resources? Give some suggestions.

Using the internet, research three rocks of different types (igneous,

sedimentary, and metamorphic) and state their respective economic and
medical significance in our present society.

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 Additional Activities

A. Complete the concept map using the words below.

Rocks can be classified on how they were formed

Forms from cooling Formed from Rocks change due to

and solidification of compaction and temperature and
magma cementation pressure change

Magma cools slowly Compacted sediments Heat

classified by size

Lava cools quickly Evaporates, Pressure

precipitate, biological
matter

Metamorphic Clastic Contact metamorphism

Sedimentary Extrusive Regional Metamorphism
Non- Clastic Igneous Intrusive

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 B. Fill in the missing word/term to complete the rock cycle. You may
refer to the box below.

ROCK CYCLE

3.

Weathering,
erosion, transport
4.
and deposition

2. 5.

[Link] Burial and

extreme heat

MAGMA

Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Heat and/or pressure

Minerals Metamorphism Thermal Expansion Intrusion/eruption

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