SECTIONAL TEST – 10 EXPLANATION
Q. NO. ANSWER EXPLANATION
Answer: (d)
Option (d) is correct because the passage emphasizes that bridging the gap
Q1. (d) between women's STEM education and employment requires collective
(Moderate) action. Government policies alone aren't sufficient; industry and societal
change are equally crucial to ensure women’s effective participation in STEM
sectors.
Answer: (b) 2 only
Statement 1 is incorrect because the passage clearly highlights that despite
high educational attainment among women in STEM, workforce
Q2. (b) representation remains low, indicating education alone is insufficient.
(Easy)
Statement 2 is correct because the passage explicitly emphasizes the
significant role of industry practices in bridging the gap between education
and employment in STEM for women.
Answer: (b)
Option (b) correctly summarizes the central idea: GST has modernized the
Q3. (b) tax system, but its weak application to tobacco taxation undermines public
(Moderate) health efforts and risks fiscal stability if not addressed soon.
Answer: (a)
Assumption 1 is correct: The passage clearly mentions that ad valorem taxes
Q4. (a) are vulnerable to price manipulation and less effective than specific excise
(Moderate) duties.
Assumption 2 is also Incorrect: There is no data support for the claim.
Answer: (b)
Statement 1 is Correct: The passage points to recurring accidents and
attributes them to systemic safety culture deficiencies.
Statement 2 is Correct: It mentions undertrained, vulnerable workers,
Q5. (b) implying inadequate training and safety oversight.
(Easy)
Statement 3 is Incorrect – The passage discusses India’s pharmaceutical
exports and suggests they could be negatively impacted by safety lapses. It
does not mention imports or suggest they are unaffected.
Statement 4 is Correct: It emphasizes the need for a proactive safety culture
to prevent such incidents.
Answer: (c)
Statement 1 is correct: The passage clearly states that while safety protocols
(like HAZOP) exist, their effectiveness depends on proper implementation by
Q6. (c) competent personnel and a broader safety culture within the plant. This
(Moderate) implies that rules alone aren't enough without active enforcement and
awareness.
Statement 2 is also correct: The passage mentions that in an era of
“heightened scrutiny of industrial accidents by proactive media,”
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SECTIONAL TEST – 10 EXPLANATION
manufacturing units are expected to meet global norms, suggesting that public
and international scrutiny can influence how seriously companies take
compliance.
Answer: (b)
Option (b) is correct: The passage emphasizes national-level schemes (like
Q7. (b) PMMVY, Poshan Tracker), but also highlights region-specific needs—tribal
(Moderate) areas need mobile-based access, urban areas benefit from redressal apps, etc.
Hence, a balanced, adaptable strategy is advocated.
Answer: (c)
Statement 1 is correct: The passage clearly emphasizes that different regions
(rural, urban, remote, tribal) have unique challenges and needs. Therefore,
socio-economic and geographical diversity must be considered for the success
of technology-based welfare delivery. This assumption is valid and directly
Q8. (c) supported.
(Difficult)
Statement 2 is also correct: While the passage stresses the importance of
local adaptation. The mentioning of PMMVY suggests that strong local
systems can complement central platforms, making this assumption logically
consistent and valid.
Answer: (d)
Option (d) is correct because it logically follows from the passage's argument
Q9. (d) that shrinking ODA and unstable credit models have created a vacuum, and
(Difficult) India, through Triangular Cooperation and diversified modalities, is stepping
up as a more inclusive and balanced global development partner.
Answer: (a)
Statement 1 is Correct: The passage highlights Triangular Cooperation
(TrC) as a promising and inclusive model to bridge the North-South divide
and respond to the decline in traditional ODA. It is presented as a sustainable
solution involving partnerships that deliver shared learning and tailored local
Q10. (a) development outcomes. Therefore, this assumption is valid.
(Moderate)
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Global Development Compact (GDC) is not
intended to limit India’s involvement; rather, it seeks a harmonious balance
among different engagement modalities (like grants, capacity building, tech
transfer, and concessional finance). The passage implies strategic
diversification, not restriction.
Answer: (d)
Option (d) is the most appropriate inference from the passage. It reflects
the core message: India is using its digital governance experience to propose
Q11. (d) inclusive, democratic, and development-focused AI frameworks, even amidst
(Moderate) geopolitical division. The passage underscores that participation and public
good are at the heart of India’s AI diplomacy.
Answer: (b)
Statement I – Invalid: The passage criticizes rigid top-down regulation,
Q12. (b) noting the geopolitical fragmentation between the US, EU, and China. It does
(Moderate) not support centralised mandates as the way forward; instead, it advocates for
voluntary codes, flexible norms, and collaborative safety efforts.
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SECTIONAL TEST – 10 EXPLANATION
Statement II – valid: The passage strongly supports India’s inclusive,
people-centric AI governance model, showcasing how consultation-based,
democratic mechanisms can help shape equitable global norms. It also argues
that India's approach brings the Global South to the forefront, enhancing
legitimacy and participation.
Answer: (c)
Option (c) is correct because Premature withdrawal of TB support in the U.S.
(due to the assumption it was under control) led to a resurgence — proving
that such assumptions can backfire.
Q13. (c) Option (a) is Incorrect: The passage credits both socio-economic
(Moderate) improvements and treatments, not just treatments alone.
Option (b) is Incorrect: Migration was from high TB-burden to low-
burden countries, not the other way around.
Option (d) is Incorrect: TB resurgence was due to multiple reasons (HIV,
drug resistance, migration), not drug resistance alone.
Answer: (a)
Statement I is valid: The passage emphasizes the importance of detailed data,
real-time tracking, and persistent surveillance in detecting TB resurgences
Q14. (a) (especially in the context of HIV and drug resistance).
(Easy)
Statement II is invalid: The passage explicitly critiques the U.S. decision to
withdraw TB funding in the 1970s, which contributed to a resurgence showing
that premature withdrawal can be dangerous.
Answer: (d)
The passage critiques the mismatch between India's growth aspirations (e.g.,
Viksit Bharat by 2047) and the current underwhelming economic trajectory.
Q15. (d) It suggests that like the need to reinvent teaching in education, economic
(Moderate) strategy also needs reinvention — not just satisfaction with relative
performance but a deeper structural vision. Hence, option (d) captures the
central idea best.
Answer: (b)
Statement I: It’s incorrect. The passage only mentions; the reason behind the
GDP growth of 7.4 % was high tax collection not a real economic activity.
Q16. (b) Hence, we don’t have data to support the claim made in statement – 1.
(Difficult)
Statement II: Its correct. The last 8 lines support in assumption.
Answer: (b)
Option (b) is correct: The central idea of the passage is that while India has
Q17. (b) taken taxation measures on Virtual Digital Assets (VDAs), it lacks a robust
(Difficult) regulatory framework, which has pushed users to offshore platforms, causing
revenue loss and diminished oversight.
Answer: (c)
Q18. (c) Option (c) best captures the central idea of the passage that India’s textile
(Easy) industry can sustain and grow its global leadership by adopting sustainable
practices like regenerative farming, supply chain traceability, and product
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SECTIONAL TEST – 10 EXPLANATION
circularity. These themes are repeatedly emphasized throughout the passage
as key to long-term competitiveness and resilience.
Answer: (b)
The passage emphasizes the lack of India-specific toxicological data and total
Q19. (b) diet studies, suggesting that relying solely on international data is insufficient
(Easy) for accurately assessing risks in India’s diverse dietary landscape.
Answer: C)
Option A is Incorrect: The passage rejects the idea of uniform improvement,
pointing out serious lags in governance, education, and nutrition.
Option B is Incorrect: The reverse is actually true—governance reforms are
Q20. (c) lagging, not leading.
(Moderate)
Option C is Correct: Technological and infrastructure gains coexist with
deep social and governance-related challenges.
Option D is Incorrect: This is factually wrong. Refer to the sentence,
“Nutrition outcomes remain worrisome”.
Answer: (d)
Statement 1 is Incorrect: The passage acknowledges uneven progress across
SDGs, yet India has still improved it’s overall ranking to 99. so, equal
Q21. (d) achievement of all goa’s is not a necessary assumption.
(Difficult)
Statement 2 is Incorrect: While the passage questions the reliability of
poverty reduction data due to outdated benchmarks, it does not entirely
dismiss proxy estimates from agencies like the world bank. So, it is to extreme
to assume that all claims are completely invalid.
Answer: D)
(a) is a supporting detail, not the central idea.
(b) is too general and doesn’t focus on India.
Q22. (d) (c) is factually incorrect — the passage specifically says India is neither
(Easy) conflict-affected nor resource-poor.
(d) is most aligned with the passage: it acknowledges past progress,
recognizes ongoing disparities, and frames the challenge ahead — precisely
what the passage discusses.
Answer: (a)
Statement 1 is correct: The passage discusses disparities among poor,
Muslims, Scheduled Tribes, and certain states It also highlights regional gaps
(e.g. UP, Bihar, Northeast). Pointing to uneven access.
Statement 2 is correct: The passage states that meeting the WHO
Q23. (a) Immunization Agenda 2030 will require targeted, sustained, and inclusive
(Difficult) outreach, it’s safe to assume that inequality in access contributes to zero dose
numbers.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: The passage also indicates that education, urban
slum residence and health system access play a role - not just social and
cultural factors Therefore, this overgeneralizes and cannot be safety inferred.
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SECTIONAL TEST – 10 EXPLANATION
Answer: (b)
The passage highlights how large corporations with access to data and
computational power are able to control AI development and deployment,
influencing what is seen, known, and decided. It raises concerns about profit-
driven motives, lack of transparency, and the concentration of influence,
making option B the most accurate summary of the central idea.
Q24. (b)
(Moderate) Why others are incorrect:
(a) Overstates the claim—passage critiques how AI is used, not that it's
completely unfit.
(c) Too extreme—author warns against uncritical outsourcing, not full
rejection of AI.
(d) Contradicts the passage, which says AI is driven by profit and monopoly,
not ethics.
Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Statement 1 is correct: The passage clearly mentions that AI's current
trajectory is driven more by profitability and data monopolies than ethical
or public interest considerations.
Q25. (a) Statement 2 is correct: The author argues that powerful corporations with
(Moderate) access to large datasets shape what knowledge is visible and how decisions
are made, emphasizing their disproportionate influence.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The passage warns against over-reliance on AI and
the risks of outsourcing judgment, but it does not state that AI is designed
to replace human judgment in all areas.
Answer: (d)
Option D is correct because the entire passage warns that if skill education
follows the same flawed model as traditional schooling, it will yield similarly
poor outcomes.
Q26. (d) Option A is incorrect: The passage suggests the opposite: certificates may
(Moderate) not lead to real employability.
Option B is incorrect: The passage criticizes fixed timelines and standardised
modules.
Option C is incorrect: The flawed skill education is mentioned as a reason
but it’s not mentioned as the only reason.
Answer: (a)
Option A is correct: The core of the passage is that VIP privilege disrupts
crowd management, leading to avoidable tragedies.
Option B is incorrect: The passage critiques current implementation and
Q27. (a) priorities, not the absence of models.
(Difficult)
Option C is incorrect: The author proposes restricted or restructured VIP
access, not a total ban.
Option D is correct: The author blames mismanagement, not the religious
traditions themselves.
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SECTIONAL TEST – 10 EXPLANATION
Answer: (d)
It captures the main argument of the passage that culture and creativity are no
longer just soft, symbolic elements but are now strategically structured, with
the potential to influence global diplomacy and economic development.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect?
Option (A) is Incorrect because the passage talks about modern creative
Q28. (d) sectors, digital tech, AR/VR, and new-age collaboration, not just preservation
(Moderate) of ancient culture.
Option (B) is Incorrect because there's no claim in the passage that creative
industries are replacing traditional ones. Instead, it's about enhancing and
complementing through collaboration.
Option (c) is incorrect because the tone of the passage is positive and
celebratory — it praises structured planning and successful partnerships, not
failure.
Answer: (d)
Statement 1 is correct: Refer to the sentence “The looming threat…. this
challenge”.
Statement 2 is correct: Refer to the last two sentences of the para.
smallholders in Africa and Asia are the poor farmers mentioned here.
Q29. (d)
(Moderate) Statement 3 is Incorrect: It’s extreme.
Statement 4 is Incorrect: there is no data support.
Statement 5 is Incorrect: It’s extreme as it says all problems of agriculture
will be solved.
Answer: (d)
Q30. (d) Refer to the sentence – “Yet the efficacy of technology hinges on its
(Moderate) adaptation…... developing world”.
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