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Seed Notes For Class

Farmers plough the soil to aerate it, allowing water penetration and aiding seed germination. Correct seed depth is crucial to prevent loss from animals and ensure adequate oxygen for germination. Factors like water, temperature, and oxygen are essential for seed germination, with distinct processes for epigeal and hypogeal germination.

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5 views2 pages

Seed Notes For Class

Farmers plough the soil to aerate it, allowing water penetration and aiding seed germination. Correct seed depth is crucial to prevent loss from animals and ensure adequate oxygen for germination. Factors like water, temperature, and oxygen are essential for seed germination, with distinct processes for epigeal and hypogeal germination.

Uploaded by

tasha.belliappa
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Question : Account for

[Link] do farmers plough the soil before sowing the seeds?


Answer: Ploughing the field loosen the soil make the soil aerated. It makes the soil porous
which help the water to penetrate deeper and retains moisture for longer time. This process
helps the seeds germinate easily and spread roots deep.
B. Why it is important to sow the seeds at correct depth inside soil?
Earthworms in the soil also make the soil loose and help the plant grow better.
Answer: Seeds must be sown at the correct depth in soil. If seeds are simply scattered on the
top they are likely to be blown away or eaten up by animals and birds.
If they are sown in deep in ground, they won’t germinate due to lack of air(oxygen).
C. Why is maize called a grain?
Answer: It is because the fruit wall(pericarp) is fused with the seed coat(testa).

FACTORS NEEDED FOR GERMINATION

A. Water: Rehydration of the seeds.


❑ Rehydration of seeds.
❑ Rupturing of seed coat.
❑ Initiate Metabolic activities.
B. Optimum Temperature:
❑ Most of the seeds germinate in the range of 25-35 degree Celsius.
❑ Temperature controls functions of enzymes relating to germination.
C. Oxygen:
❑ Aquatic plants need less oxygen.
❑ Land plants need more oxygen.
❑ It is needed for cell division and elongation.
Steps in epigeal germination:

1. Imbibition: The seed absorbs water, causing it to swell and the seed coat to soften.
2. Radical Emergence: The radicle (embryonic root) emerges from the seed and grows
downwards into the soil, anchoring the seed.
3. Hypocotyl Elongation: The hypocotyl (the part of the stem below the cotyledons)
elongates rapidly, pushing the cotyledons above the ground.
4. Plumule Development: The plumule (embryonic shoot) continues to develop and
eventually forms the first leaves.
5. Cotyledon Utilization: The cotyledons provide initial nutrients to the developing
6.

Leaf Formation: Once above ground, the cotyledons may turn green and perform
photosynthesis.
7. Root and Shoot System Development: The radicle develops into the root system,
and the plumule develops into the shoot system

Steps in hypogeal germination


1. Hypogeal germination implies that the cotyledons stay below the ground.
2. The epicotyl (part of the stem above the cotyledon) grows, while the hypocotyl (part
of the stem below the cotyledon) remains the same in length.
3. The epicotyl pushes the plumule above the ground.

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