CHRIST NAGAR SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, THIRUVALLAM

SECOND MODEL EXAMINATION : 2025-2026

CLASS X
SCIENCE (Code No. 086)
TIME: 3HRS
[Link]: 80
General Instructions:
(i) This question paper consists of 39 questions in 3 sections. Section A is Biology; Section B is
Chemistry and Section C is Physics.
(ii) All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions.
A student is expected to attempt only one of these questions.
Section : A
1. The given slides A and B were identified by four students I, II, III and IV as stated below:

Slide A Slide B
I. Binary fission in Amoeba Daughter cells of Amoeba
II. Budding in Yeast Buds of Yeast
III. Binary fission in Amoeba Buds of Yeast
IV. Budding in Yeast Daughter cells in Amoeba
Of the above-mentioned identifications of slides A and B, which one is correct?
(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV [1]
2. A leaf of destrached healthy potted plant was covered by black paper strip as shown in Figure
and kept in sunlight in the morning. In the evening, it was plucked off and tested for the presence
of starch by using iodine solution.

The observation is matched with the Figure No. :

(a) II (b) III (c) IV (d) V [1]
3. A zygote which has inherited an X chromosome from the father will develop into 1
(a) baby boy (b) baby girl (c) adult (d) either boy or girl [1]
4. 50. An aquatic food chain comprises of the organisms like tadpoles, weeds, fish and water
beetles. The organism which gets the minimum energy through this food chain is :
(a) water beetles (b) tadpoles (c) weeds (d) fish [1]
5. Which of the following hormones prepares our body for action in emergency situations?
(a)testosterone (b) growth hormone (c) insulin (d)adrenaline [1]
6. An aquatic food chain comprises of the organisms like tadpoles, weeds, fish and water beetles.
The organism which gets the minimum energy through this food chain is :
(a) water beetles (b) tadpoles (c) weeds (d) fish [1]
7. In a monohybrid cross between two pea plants, one with round seeds (RR) and another with
wrinkled seeds (rr), what will be the genotype ratio in the F2 generation?
(a) 1:2:1 (RR:Rr:rr) (b) 1:1 (RR:rr) (c) 3:1 (RR + Rr:rr) (d) 2:1:1 (RR:Rr:rr) [1]
The following two questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(f) A is false but R is true.
8. Assertion (A): As we go up in the trophic level of food chain the energy in the system decreases.
Reason (R): Sunlight is the main source of energy in the ecosystem. [1]
9. Assertion (A): Generally, the number of chromosomes in a cell and in a germ cell is not the same
in species.
Reason (R): When two germ cells combine, they restore the normal number of chromosomes in
a species. [1]
10 A plant X was enclosed in a glass jar with some lizards. A similar plant Y was enclosed in another
glass jar but without lizards. Both the jars are kept under the same light conditions for a few
hours. Which plant is likely to photosynthesize more and why? [2]
11 Attempt either option A or B.
A How do control and coordination in plants differ from that in animals? Give any FOUR points of
difference.
OR
B Proteinuria is a condition in which significant amounts of protein can be detected in urine. Which
process in the nephron is likely to be affected causing proteinuria? Justify. [2]
12. (i) Name the reproductive and non-productive parts of Rhizopus.
(ii) How are the spores protected till they begin to grow?
(iii) What is the important function of presence of ozone in earth’s atmosphere?
(iv) Define trophic level. [2]
13. A. Given below are some disorders noticed in some patients. It could it be due to malfunctioning
of which part of brain:
(a) Loss of sensation of feeling full
(b) Lowered ability to salivate
(c) Difficulty in maintaining the posture and balance in body

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 B. In animals, hormones can be secreted by one organ and can act on multiple organs. Justify
this statement by explaining the effect of a single animal hormone on three organs. [3]
14. (A) Rohan was conducting research on the number of fruits produced by watermelon
under different conditions. He grew 25 watermelon plants each in both glass house A and
B. He introduced pollinators in glass house A only. What difference will he observe in the
number of fruits produced in the two glass houses? Explain with reason
(B) In a pea plant, the trait of flowers bearing purple colour (PP) is dominant over white
colour (pp). Explain the inheritance pattern of F1 and F2 generations with the help of
a cross following the rules of inheritance of traits. State the visible characters of
F1and F2 progenies. [3]
15. Living organisms maintain favourable internal conditions using control and coordination
mechanisms. In plants, hormones called phytohormones, such as auxins, regulate growth responses
like phototropism and geotropism. Animals possess nervous systems involving the brain, spinal
cord, and peripheral nerves, transmitting impulses for rapid responses. Additionally, hormones
like insulin and adrenaline help regulate processes over longer duration. The coordination in
animals involves both rapid nerve signals and slower endocrine signals, ensuring survival in
changing surroundings. Malfunction in any part of these mechanisms can lead to impaired growth
or incorrect responses to stimuli.
A. What is the role of cytokinins in the plant body?
B. Why does the human body need both nervous and hormonal control?
Attempt either option C or D
C. How are the sugar levels in the blood monitored? Name the gland and the hormone
secreted by it.
OR
D. How does the shoot of the plant always detect and grow towards light? Explain [4]
16. Attempt either option A or B.
A (1) Predict the outcomes that we observe in the following experimental setup and explain why?
In Setup A, a plant’s leaf surface is sealed with a layer of gel, blocking the [Link] Setup
B, the student places a petri dish containing potassium hydroxide (KOH) near the plant
setup, as shown in the diagram.

(2) Why is yeast used in the baking industry and how do you test the gas that is released in the
process?

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 (3) Explain the role of placenta in the development of human embryo.
(4) Name the most effective contraceptive which prevents spread of sexually transmitted diseases.
Diseases
OR
B (1) Explain in brief events from pollination to fertilization in angiosperms with the help of
well labelled diagram.
(2) How does feedback mechanism control the functioning of endocrine glands? [5]
Section : B
17. Vinegar is also known as [1]
(a) Ethanoic acid (b) Sulphuric acid
(c) Nitric acid (d) Tartaric acid.
18. A compound ‘X’ reacts with compound ‘Y’ to produce a colourless and odourless gas turns
lime water milky. When ‘X’ reacts with methanol in presence of concentrated Sulphuric acid, a
sweet smelling substance is produced. The molecular formula of the compound ‘X’ is [1]
(a) C2H4O (b) C2H4O2
(c) C2H6O (d) C2H6O2
19. How many covalent bonds are present in a chloropropane having molecular formula C3H7Cl [1]
(a) 6 (b) 8
(c) 9 (d) 10
20. An element ‘X’ with atomic number 14 combines with another element ‘Y’ of atomic number
17. The formula of the compound formed and nature of bond will be: [1]
(a) XY3, ionic (b) XY3, covalent
(c) XY4, covalent (d) XY4, ionic
21. Which of the following metals does not react with cold water? [1]
(a) Calcium (b) Potassium
(c) Magnesium (d) Sodium
22. An iron nail dipped in Copper sulphate solution turns brown. This is due to which one of the
following types of reactions [1]
(a) Addition reaction (b) Decomposition reaction
(c) Substitution reaction (d) Displacement reaction
23. A student while burning a magnesium ribbon in air, collected the products in a wet watch glass.
The new product formed obtained is: [1]
(a) Magnesium oxide (b) Magnesium carbonate
(c) Magnesium hydroxide (d) Magnesium chloride
24. Assertion and Reason [1]
In the following question consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
this question by selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).

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(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Assertion: Acetic acid has six single bond and one double bond.
Reason: It is unsaturated organic compound.
25. State whether the given chemical reaction is a redox reaction or not - justify your answer. [2]
MnO +4HClÆ→ MnCl +Cl +H O
2 2 2 2

26. In electrolysis of water [3]

(a) Name the gases liberated at cathode and anode.
(b) Why is that volume of gas collected on one electrode is two times that on other electrode?
(c) What would happen if dilute H2SO4 is not added to water?
27. Attempt either Option A or B [3]
(A) A metal compound ‘X’ reacts with dilute HCl to produce brisk effervescence. The gas
evolved forms a white precipitate when passed through lime water. Write balanced chemical
equations involved in the above mentioned chemical reactions.
OR
(B) How is sodium hydroxide manufactured in industries? Name the process. In this process a
gas X is formed as a by-product. This gas reacts with lime water to give a compound Y,
which is used as a bleaching agent in the chemical industry. Identify X and Y and write the
chemical equation of the reactions involved.
28. Attempt A or B [5]
A (a) Define the term ‘isomers’.
(b) Two compounds have the same molecular formula C3H6O. Write the name of these
compounds and their structural formula.
(c) How would you bring the following conversions?
(i) Ethanol to ethene (ii) Propanol to propanoic acid.
OR
B. Soaps and detergents are both types of salts. State the difference between the two. Write the
mechanism of the cleansing action of soaps. Why do soaps not form lather (foam) with hard
water? Mention any two problems that arise due to the use of detergents instead of soaps.
29. Rahul’s mother was cooking dinner in the kitchen. She was using a stainless steel pot to cook the
food. Suddenly, she noticed that the pot had developed some stubborn stains due to the acidic
tomato sauce. She asked Rahul to help her clean the pot.
Rahul used a strong acid like HCl to clean the pot, but it didn’t work well. Then, he used a
baking soda solution (NaHCO3) and scrubbed the pot gently. To his surprise, the stains
disappeared.
Questions : [4]
a. Why didn’t the strong acid HCl work well in removing the stains?
b. What type of substance is baking soda (NaHCO3), and how did it help in removing the stains?
c. What would have happened if Rahul had used a strong base like NaOH instead of baking soda?
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d. Write a chemical equation for the reaction between baking soda and the acidic stain (assume it’s
citric acid, C6H8O7).
OR
What precaution should Rahul take while using baking soda to clean the pot?
Section : C
30. A real image is formed by light rays after reflection or refraction when they: [1]
(A) Actually meet or intersect with each other.
(B) Actually converge at a point.
(C) Appear to meet when they are produced in the backward direction.
(D) Appear to diverge from a point.
Which of the following statements are correct?
(a) A and B (b) B and D
(c) A and C (d) B and C
31. Which of the following statements is not true for scattering of light? [1]
(a) Colour of the scattered light depends on the size of the particles in the atmosphere.
(b) Red light is least scattered in the atmosphere.
(c) Scattering of light takes place as various colours of white light travel with different speed in
air.
(d) The dust particles in the atmosphere scatter blue light more strongly than red light. So, the
scattered blue light enters our eyes.
32. Assertion and Reason [1]
In the following question consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
this question by selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Assertion : In a conductor, free electrons keep on moving but no magnetic force acts on a
conductor in a magnetic field.
Reason: Force on free electrons due to magnetic field always acts perpendicular to the direction
of motion.
33. The diagram given below shows an object O and image I. [2]

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 Without actually drawing the ray diagram, state the following:
(a) Type of lens. (Converging/diverging )
(b) Name two optical instruments where such an image is obtained.
(c) List three characteristics of the image formed if this lens is replaced by a concave mirror of
focal length f and an object is placed at a distance f/2 in front of the mirror.
34. Five resistors are connected in a circuit as shown. [2]
Find the ammeter reading when the circuit is closed

OR
Study the following circuit and find:
(i) Effective resistance of the circuit
(ii) Current drawn from the battery

35. Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]

(a) Identify the defect of vision. Give reason for yourΩanswer.

(b) State two possible causes of this defect.
(c) How can we rectify this defect? Explain with a diagram.
36. The resistance of a metal wire of length 1 m is 104 at 20°[Link] the diameter of the wire is
0.15 mm, find the resistivity of the metal at that temperature. [3]

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37. Magnetic field lines of two magnets are shown in Fig (A)
Ω and (B). Select the figure that represent
the correct pattern of field lines. Give reason for your answer. Also name the poles of magnet
facing each other [3]

38. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
We know that a battery or a cell is a source of electrical energy. The chemical reaction within the
cell generates the potential difference between its two terminals that sets the electrons in motion
to flow the current through a resistor or a system of resistors connected to the battery. To
maintain the current, the source has to keep expanding its energy. Where does this energy go? A
part of the source energy in maintaining the current may be consumed for useful work (like in
rotating the blades of an electric fan). The rest of the source energy may be expended in heat to
raise the temperature of the gadget. We often observe this in our everyday life. For example, an
electric fan becomes warm if used continuously for a long time, etc. On the other hand, if the
electric circuit is purely resistive, that is, a configuration of resistors only connected to a battery;
the source energy continually gets dissipated entirely in the form of heat. This is known as the
heating effect of electric current. This effect is utilized in devices such as an electric heater,
electric iron, etc.

(a) Explain Joule’s heating law. [1]

(b) In practical situations, when an electric appliance is connected to a known voltage source,
then how does the heating effect of electric current can be calculated? [1]
(c) Write the relation between heat energy produced in a conductor when a potential
difference V is applied across its terminals and a current I flows through it. [2]
OR
Two identical wires one of nichrome and the other of copper are connected in series and
a current (I) is passed through them. State the change observed in the temperatures of the
twowires. [2]
Attempt either option A or B
39. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show the path of the reflected ray in each of the following cases:
A ray of light incident on a convex mirror
1. parallel to its principal axis, and
2. is directed towards its principal focus

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(b) A 1.5 cm tall candle flame is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a concave mirror
of focal length 12 cm. If the distance of the flame from the pole of the mirror is 18 cm, use
mirror formula to determine the position and size of the image formed.
OR
(a) A concave lens of focal length 60 cm is used to form an image of an object of length 9 cm
kept at a distance of 30 cm from it. Use lens formula to determine the nature, position and
height of the image formed.
(b) Also draw labelled ray diagram to show the image formation in the above case. [5]