MYMENSINGH ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Course Name : Computer Networking Lab

Course Code : CSE - 3111

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Name: Niloy Pramanik A.K.M Mahfuzur Rahman
Roll : 210351 Lecturer
Reg No: 1338 Dept. of Computer Science
Group : B and Engineering
Batch: CSE-5th Mymensingh Engineering College

……………………………………….
Submission Date: 14.01.2026 Signature
 INDEX
SI. Experiment name
No.

01 Study of Network Devices and Network Cables in details.

02 Introduction of Packet tracer and study of basic network commands.

03 A Simulator Program using hub to connect network.

04 A simulator program to connect 10 pc using hub.

05 A Simulator Program using switch to connect network.

06 A simulator program to connect 10 pc using switch.

07 A Simulator Program using router to connect to different networks.

08 Implementation of Bus Topology and Star Topology.

09 Implementation of Ring Topology and Mesh Topology.

10 Implementation of tree Topology and Hybrid Topology.

11 LAN Connection Establishment.

12 Simulation program showing the subnet mask of the network

[Link]/25

Experiment No : 01
Experiment name : Study of Network Devices and Network Cables in details.

Objective :
The objective of this study is to understand different network devices and network
cables, their functions, working principles, advantages, and precautions. This study
helps learners gain basic knowledge of networking components used in Local Area
Networks (LANs) and Wide Area Networks (WANs).

Network Devices
1. Hub
2. Switch
3. Router
4. Modem
5. Repeater
6. Bridge

Network Cables

1. Twisted Pair Cable

2. Coaxial Cable
3. Fiber Optic Cable

Theory :

Network Devices

1. Hub

A hub is a basic networking device that connects multiple computers in a network. It

broadcasts data to all connected devices without checking the destination.

2. Switch

A switch connects multiple devices and sends data only to the intended destination
using MAC addresses. It improves network performance.

3. Router
A router connects different networks and directs data packets using IP addresses. It is
commonly used to connect LANs to the Internet.

4. Modem

A modem converts digital signals into analog signals and vice versa. It allows
computers to communicate over telephone or cable lines.

5. Repeater

A repeater regenerates weak signals to extend the distance of a network.

Network Cables

1. Twisted Pair Cable

This cable consists of twisted copper wire pairs. It is widely used in LANs. Types include
UTP and STP.
2. Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cable has a central conductor and shielding. It offers better noise resistance
than twisted pair.

3. Fiber Optic Cable

Fiber optic cable uses light signals to transmit data. It offers very high speed and long-
distance communication.

Conclusion :

Network devices and network cables play a vital role in data communication. Devices
such as hubs, switches, routers, and modems help manage and control data flow, while
cables like twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic provide the transmission medium.
Proper selection, installation, and maintenance of these components ensure reliable
and efficient network performance.
Experiment No : 02
Experiment name : Introduction of Packet tracer and study of basic network
commands.

Objective :
The objective of this study is to introduce Cisco Packet Tracer and to understand basic
network commands used for configuring, testing, and troubleshooting computer
networks. This helps students gain practical networking skills in a simulated
environment.

Introduction of Packet Tracer :

Cisco Packet Tracer is a network simulation tool developed by Cisco. It allows users to
design, configure, and simulate network topologies without using real hardware. Packet
Tracer is widely used by students and beginners to learn networking concepts such as
LAN, WAN, routing, switching, and wireless networking. It provides a graphical interface
where devices like routers, switches, PCs, and servers can be connected using different
cables. Packet Tracer also helps in testing network configurations and understanding
data flow.
Study of Basic Network Commands :

1. ipconfig

Displays IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway of a computer.

2. ping

Tests connectivity between two devices.

3. tracert

Shows the path taken by packets to reach a destination.

4. arp

Displays and manages the ARP table.

5. netstat

Displays active network connections.

6. hostname

Displays the name of the computer.

Conclusion :
Cisco Packet Tracer is a powerful and user-friendly tool for learning networking
concepts practically. By using Packet Tracer and basic network commands, students
can design networks, test connectivity, and troubleshoot problems effectively. This
study provides a strong foundation for understanding real-world computer networks.

Experiment No : 03
Experiment name : A Simulator Program using hub to connect network.

Objective :
The objective of this simulator program is to design and simulate a simple computer
network using a hub in Cisco Packet Tracer and to understand how data is transmitted
in a hub-based network.

Software and Hardware Requirements :

1. Cisco Packet Tracer
2. PCs (End devices)
3. Hub
4. Copper Straight-Through Cables

Theory :
A hub is a basic networking device that connects multiple computers in a network. It
works at the Physical Layer of the OSI model and broadcasts incoming data to all
connected devices. Hubs are simple to use but are less efficient and secure compared
to switches.

Procedure :
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.
 2. From the End Devices section, drag and drop PCs (PC1, PC2, PC3,PC4 etc.)
onto the workspace.
3. From the Network Devices section, select Hub and place it in the workspace.
4. Select Connections and choose Copper Straight-Through cable.
5. Connect each PC to the hub using the cable.
6. Click on each PC and assign an IP address manually:
1. PC1: [Link]
2. PC2: [Link]
3. PC3: [Link]
4. PC4: [Link]
5. Subnet Mask: [Link]
7. After configuration, go to Command Prompt of a PC and use the ping command
to test connectivity.

Caution :
1. Ensure all PCs are connected to the hub using the correct copper straight-
through cable.
2. Assign unique IP addresses to each PC to avoid IP conflict.
3. Do not use a hub for large networks as it causes high traffic and collisions.
4. Make sure the hub is properly powered on before testing connectivity.
5. Use the same subnet mask for all devices in the network.
Conclusion :
This simulator program demonstrates the working of a hub-based network using Cisco
Packet Tracer. It helps in understanding basic networking concepts and data
broadcasting in a network. Although hubs are simple and cost-effective, they are not
suitable for large or high-speed networks.

Experiment No : 04
Experiment name : A simulator program to connect 10 pc using hub.

Objective :
The objective of this simulator program is to design and simulate a network connecting
10 PCs using a hub in Cisco Packet Tracer and to understand data transmission in a
hub-based network.

Theory :
A hub is a simple networking device that connects multiple computers in a network. It
operates at the Physical Layer of the OSI model and broadcasts incoming data to all
connected devices. Hubs are cost-effective and easy to use, making them suitable for
small networks. However, hubs cannot manage traffic efficiently and can cause data
collisions.

Components Required :
1. Cisco Packet Tracer software
2. 10 PCs (End devices)
3. 1 Hub
4. Copper Straight-Through Cables
5. Power source (for the hub, if needed in simulation)

Procedure :
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.
2. From the End Devices, drag and drop 10 PCs (PC0 to PC9) onto the workspace.
3. From Network Devices, select a Hub and place it in the workspace.
4. Select Connections > Copper Straight-Through cable.
 5. Connect each PC to the hub using the cable.
6. Assign IP addresses to each PC:
1. PC1: [Link]
2. PC2: [Link]
3. PC3: [Link]
4. PC4: [Link]
5. PC5: [Link]
6. PC6: [Link]
7. PC7: [Link]
8. PC8: [Link]
9. PC9: [Link]
10. PC10: [Link]
11. Subnet Mask: [Link] for all PCs
7. Test connectivity using the ping command from each PC.

Caution :
1. Ensure all PCs are connected using copper straight-through cables.
2. Assign unique IP addresses to prevent conflicts.
3. Do not use a hub for large networks due to high traffic and collisions.
4. Make sure the hub is properly powered on.
5. Use the same subnet mask for all devices.
Conclusion :
This simulation demonstrates connecting 10 PCs using a hub in Cisco Packet Tracer. It
helps understand data broadcasting, IP configuration, and basic network setup. While
hubs are simple and low-cost, they are not suitable for large networks due to traffic
congestion and collisions.

Experiment No : 05
Experiment name : A Simulator Program using switch to connect network.

Objective :
The objective of this simulator program is to design and simulate a simple network using
a switch in Cisco Packet Tracer and to understand how data is transmitted efficiently
between devices in a switch-based network.

Theory :
A switch is a networking device that connects multiple devices in a network and
forwards data only to the intended destination device. It operates at the Data Link Layer
(Layer 2) of the OSI model and uses MAC addresses to manage network traffic.
Switches are more efficient than hubs because they reduce collisions and improve
network performance.

Components Required :
1. Cisco Packet Tracer software
2. PCs (End devices)
3. Switch
4. Copper Straight-Through Cables
5. Power source (if needed in simulation)

Procedure :
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.
2. From End Devices, drag and drop the required number of PCs onto the
workspace.
3. From Network Devices, select a Switch and place it in the workspace.
4. Select Connections > Copper Straight-Through cable.
5. Connect each PC to the switch using the cable.
6. Assign IP addresses to each PC according to the network plan. Example:
1. PC1: [Link]
2. PC2: [Link]
 3. Subnet Mask: [Link] (Repeat for all PCs)
7. After configuration, test connectivity using the ping command between PCs.

Caution :
1. Ensure all PCs are connected using copper straight-through cables.
2. Assign unique IP addresses to avoid conflicts.
3. Ensure the switch is powered on.
4. Avoid connecting multiple ports of a switch to prevent loops (unless using STP).
5. Use the same subnet mask for all devices in the network.

Conclusion :
This simulator program demonstrates the working of a switch-based network using
Cisco Packet Tracer. Switches efficiently manage data traffic and reduce collisions
compared to hubs. This simulation helps in understanding IP configuration, device
connection, and network communication in a real-world network environment.
Experiment No : 06
Experiment name : A simulator program to connect 10 pc using switch.

Objective :
The objective of this simulator program is to design and simulate a network connecting
10 PCs using a switch in Cisco Packet Tracer and to understand efficient data
transmission and reduced collisions in a switch-based network.

Theory :
A switch is a networking device that connects multiple devices and forwards data only to
the intended destination using MAC addresses. Operating at the Data Link Layer (Layer
2) of the OSI model, switches improve network performance by reducing collisions and
managing traffic efficiently. Unlike hubs, switches provide dedicated bandwidth to each
device.

Components Required :
1. Cisco Packet Tracer software
2. 10 PCs (End devices)
3. 1 Switch
4. Copper Straight-Through Cables
5. Power source (if required in simulation)

Procedure :
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.
2. From End Devices, drag and drop 10 PCs (PC0 to PC9) onto the workspace.
3. From Network Devices, select a Switch and place it in the workspace.
4. Select Connections > Copper Straight-Through cable.
5. Connect each PC to the switch using the cable.
6. Assign IP addresses to each PC:
1. PC1: [Link]
2. PC2: [Link]
3. PC3: [Link]
4. PC4: [Link]
5. PC5: [Link]
6. PC6: [Link]
7. PC7: [Link]
8. PC8: [Link]
 9. PC9: [Link]
10. PC10: [Link]
11. Subnet Mask: [Link] for all PCs
7. Test connectivity by using the ping command from each PC to all other PCs.

Caution :
1. Ensure all PCs are connected using copper straight-through cables.
2. Assign unique IP addresses to avoid conflicts.
3. Make sure the switch is properly powered on.
4. Avoid creating loops unless Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is configured.
5. Use the same subnet mask for all devices in the network.

Conclusion :
This simulation demonstrates connecting 10 PCs using a switch in Cisco Packet Tracer.
It helps in understanding IP configuration, data transmission efficiency, and network
management. Switches provide dedicated bandwidth and reduce collisions, making
them suitable for medium-sized network.

Experiment No : 07
Experiment name : A Simulator Program using router to connect to different
networks.

Objective :
The objective of this simulator program is to design and simulate a network using a
router to connect different networks in Cisco Packet Tracer and to understand how
routers manage data traffic between multiple networks.

Theory :
A router is a networking device that connects two or more different networks and
forwards data packets between them using IP addresses. Routers operate at the
Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. They determine the best path for data
transmission, manage traffic efficiently, and enable communication between LANs and
WANs. Routers are essential for connecting multiple networks and providing internet
access to local networks.

Components Required :
1. Cisco Packet Tracer software
2. PCs (End devices)
3. Router
4. Switches (optional, to connect multiple devices in each network)
5. Copper Straight-Through and/or Cross-Over Cables
6. Power source (for devices in simulation)

Procedure :
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.
2. From End Devices, drag and drop PCs onto the workspace for each network.
3. From Network Devices, select Switches (if multiple devices in a network) and
connect PCs using copper straight-through cables.
4. From Network Devices, select a Router and place it in the workspace.
5. Connect each switch (or directly the PCs) to the router using the appropriate .
6. Assign IP addresses to each PC and configure the router interfaces:
1. Network 1: [Link]/24
2. Network 2: [Link]/24
3. Assign router interfaces:
7. Test connectivity using ping command between PCs in different networks.
8. Ensure routing is configured properly so that devices in different networks can
communicate.
Caution :
1. Ensure correct IP addressing and subnet masks for all devices.
2. Assign unique IP addresses to prevent conflicts.
3. Use the correct cable type: straight-through for PC to switch/router, crossover if
required.
4. Make sure the router and switches are powered on.
5. Check routing configuration before testing connectivity.

Conclusion :
This simulator program demonstrates connecting different networks using a router in
Cisco Packet Tracer. Routers enable communication between multiple networks and
ensure efficient data transmission. This simulation helps in understanding IP
addressing, routing, and network interconnection in real-world networking scenarios.

Experiment No : 08
Experiment name : Implementation of Bus Topology and Star Topology.

Objective:
The objective of implementing a bus topology is to understand a linear network structure
where all devices share a single communication line. This experiment allows students to
learn how data flows on a shared backbone, identify fault points, and evaluate
scalability and performance in a minimalistic network environment.
The purpose of implementing a star topology is to explore a network configuration
featuring a central hub or switch that manages communication between nodes.
Students learn about centralized control, data routing through the hub, fault isolation,
and network scalability.

Components Required :
1. Personal Computers (PCs) or network-enabled devices
2. Network hub or switch
3. Twisted-pair cables (UTP), straight-through
4. Patch panels (optional)

Procedure :

Bus Topology

1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.

2. From End Devices, drag and drop the required number of PCs onto the
workspace.
3. From Network Devices, select a Hub (used to represent a bus-type shared
medium).
4. Select Connections and choose Copper Straight-Through cable.
5. Connect each PC to the hub using the cable, forming a shared communication .
6. Configure IP addresses for each PC in the same network, for example:

1. PC1: [Link]
2. PC2: [Link]
3. PC3: [Link]
4. PC4: [Link]
5. PC5: [Link]
6. Subnet Mask: [Link]

7. Ensure all connections show green lights, indicating active links.

8. Open Command Prompt on any PC and use the ping command to test
communication between devices.
Star Topology

1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.

2. From Network Devices, drag and drop a Switch (or Hub) into the workspace.
3. From End Devices, drag and drop the required number of PCs.
4. Select Connections and choose Copper Straight-Through cable.
5. Connect each PC directly to the central switch using separate cables.
6. Configure IP addresses for all PCs in the same network, for example:

1. PC1: [Link]
2. PC2: [Link]
3. PC3: [Link]
4. PC4: [Link]
5. PC5: [Link]
6. Subnet Mask: [Link]
7. Ensure all links show green lights, indicating successful connections.
Caution :
1. Cable length: The length of the backbone cable should be appropriate for the
number of devices and the distance between them. Excessive cable length can
weaken signals.
2. Cable type:Select a suitable cable type based on network requirements and
budget, such as coaxial, twisted pair, or fiber optic cable.
3. Terminators: Proper terminators must be installed at both ends of the backbone
cable to prevent signal reflection and ensure smooth data transmission.

Conclusion :
Implementing a bus topology demonstrates simple, cost-effective networking with direct
communication through a shared medium, but it suffers from a single point of failure and
limited scalability. Conversely, star topology provides robust, scalable networks with
centralized management and improved fault isolation at the expense of higher cabling
costs and dependency on the hub.

Experiment No : 09
Experiment name : Implementation of Ring Topology and Mesh Topology.

Objective :
The objective of this simulator program is to implement and study Ring Topology and
Mesh Topology using Cisco Packet Tracer, and to understand the advantages, working
principles, and data transmission methods of these topologies.

Theory :
Ring Topology: In a ring topology, each device is connected to exactly two other
devices, forming a circular data path. Data travels in one direction (unidirectional) or
both directions (bidirectional) around the ring. Each device acts as a repeater to keep
the signal strong.

Mesh Topology: In a mesh topology, each device is connected to every other device in
the network. It provides multiple paths for data transmission, ensuring high reliability
and fault tolerance. Full mesh connects all devices to each other, while partial mesh
connects some devices.

Components Required :
1. Cisco Packet Tracer software
2. PCs (End devices)
3. Switches or Hubs (for Ring Topology, optional for simplicity)
4. Copper Straight-Through Cables
5. Copper Cross-Over Cables (for Mesh connections)
6. Power source (for simulation)

Procedure :

Ring Topology Implementation:

1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.

2. From End Devices, drag and drop the required number of PCs onto the
workspace.
3. Select Connections and choose Copper Cross-Over cable (or straight-through if
allowed by the device).
4. Connect PC1 to PC5, and continue connecting each PC to the next.
5. Connect the last PC back to the first PC to form a closed circular loop (ring).
6. Assign IP addresses to all PCs within the same network, for example:

1. PC1: [Link]
 2. PC2: [Link]
3. PC3: [Link]
4. PC4: [Link]
5. PC5: [Link]
6. Subnet Mask: [Link]

7. Ensure all links show green lights, indicating proper connections.

8. Use the ping command to test data transmission around the ring.
9. Test connectivity by using the ping command around the ring.

Mesh Topology Implementation :

1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.

2. From End Devices, place the required number of PCs in the workspace.
 3. Select Connections and choose Copper Cross-Over cable (or straight-through
where supported).
4. Connect each PC to every other PC, forming a fully connected network.
5. Ensure that all possible links between devices are properly connected.
6. Configure IP addresses for all PCs in the same network range, for example:

1. PC1: [Link]
2. PC2: [Link]
3. PC3: [Link]
4. PC4: [Link]
5. PC5: [Link]
6. Subnet Mask: [Link]

7. Check that all connections show green indicators, confirming active links.
8. Test network connectivity using the ping command between different PCs.

Caution :
1. Assign unique IP addresses to all devices.
2. Ensure all cables are connected properly to avoid data loss.
 3. Ring topology can fail if one device is disconnected (unless using dual ring or
token passing).
4. Mesh topology requires many cables; plan carefully to avoid clutter.
5. Switches or hubs can be used to simplify connections, but proper configuration is
necessary.

Conclusion :
Implementing Ring and Mesh Topologies in Cisco Packet Tracer helps understand
different network structures, their advantages, and limitations. Ring topology is simple
but less fault-tolerant, while mesh topology is highly reliable with multiple data paths.
These simulations provide practical knowledge of network design and communication
methods.

Experiment No : 10
Experiment name : Implementation of tree Topology and Hybrid Topology.

Objective :
The objective of this simulator program is to implement and study Tree Topology and
Hybrid Topology using Cisco Packet Tracer, and to understand their structure, working
principles, advantages, and use cases in computer networks.

Theory :
Tree Topology: Tree topology is a hierarchical network structure that combines
characteristics of star and bus topologies. It consists of a root node connected to
multiple levels of child nodes. Data flows from the root to branches and leaves.

Hybrid Topology: Hybrid topology is a combination of two or more different network

topologies, such as star-ring, star-bus, or tree-mesh. It is designed to take advantage of
the strengths of each topology used. Hybrid topology is flexible, scalable, and reliable
but can be complex and costly to implement.

Components Required :
1. Cisco Packet Tracer software
2. PCs (End devices)
3. Switches (for star/tree segments)
4. Router (optional, for inter-network communication)
5. Copper Straight-Through Cables
6. Copper Cross-Over Cables (if required)
7. Power source (for simulation)

Procedure :

Tree Topology Implementation :

1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.

2. Place a main switch (root) at the top of the workspace.
3. Add multiple secondary switches connected to the main switch.
4. Connect PCs to each secondary switch using copper straight-through cables.
5. Assign IP addresses to all PCs in the same subnet.
6. Test connectivity using the ping command between PCs in different branches.
Hybrid Topology Implementation :

1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.

2. Design a network combining two or more topologies (e.g., star + bus or star +
ring).
3. Use switches/hubs to form star segments and appropriate connections for other
topologies.
4. Connect PCs to the respective devices using proper cables.
5. Assign IP addresses based on the network design.
6. Test connectivity using the ping command between all devices.
Caution :
1. Assign unique IP addresses to avoid conflicts.
2. Use the correct cable type for each connection.
3. Failure of the root device in tree topology can affect the entire network.
4. Hybrid topology can be complex; proper planning is required.
5. Ensure all devices are powered on before testing.

Conclusion :
The implementation of Tree and Hybrid Topologies in Cisco Packet Tracer provides a
clear understanding of advanced network structures. Tree topology is suitable for large,
hierarchical networks, while hybrid topology offers flexibility and reliability by combining
multiple topologies. These simulations help in learning real-world network design and
management.

Experiment No : 11
Experiment name : LAN Connection Establishment.

Objective :
The objective of this experiment is to establish a Local Area Network (LAN) using basic
networking devices and to understand how computers communicate with each other
within a limited area.

Theory :
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices within a
small geographical area such as a room, building, office, or campus. LANs provide high-
speed data communication and resource sharing like files, printers, and internet
connections. LANs commonly use devices such as switches, routers, and Ethernet
cables. Proper IP addressing is essential for communication between devices in a LAN.

Components Required :
1. Computers / PCs (2 or more)
2. Switch or Hub
3. Ethernet (Copper Straight-Through) Cables
4. Network Interface Card (NIC) in each PC
5. Cisco Packet Tracer or Physical Setup
6. Power supply

Procedure :
1. Place all PCs and the switch/hub in the working area.
2. Connect each PC to the switch/hub using Ethernet (copper straight-through)
cables.
3. Power on all devices.
4. Configure IP addresses on each PC:
1. PC0: [Link]
2. Laptop0: [Link]
3. Printer0: [Link]
4. PC1: [Link]
5. Laptop1: [Link]
6. Printer1: [Link]

5. Save the network configuration.

6. Open Command Prompt on any PC and use the ping command to test
connectivity.
 7. If replies are received, the LAN connection is successfully established.

Caution :
1. Ensure all PCs are connected using the correct Ethernet cables.
2. Assign unique IP addresses to each PC to avoid conflicts.
3. Use the same subnet mask for all devices in the LAN.

Conclusion :
The LAN connection was successfully established using basic networking devices. This
experiment helps in understanding LAN configuration, IP addressing, and device
communication. LANs provide fast, reliable, and efficient data sharing within a limited
area.

Experiment No : 12

Experiment name : Simulation program showing the subnet mask of the network
[Link]/25
Objective :
The objective of this simulation program is to understand and demonstrate the subnet
mask of the network [Link]/25 using a network simulation tool and to study IP
addressing, network ID, broadcast address, and host range.

Theory :
An IP address consists of a network part and a host part. A subnet mask is used to
divide a network into smaller [Link] notation /25 indicates that the first 25 bits
are used for the network portion.

1. Default Class C subnet mask: [Link] (/24)

2. Subnet mask for /25: [Link]

This subnet divides the network into two subnets, each having 128 IP addresses (126
usable host addresses).For network [Link]/25:

1. Network ID: [Link]

2. First usable IP: [Link]
3. Last usable IP: [Link]
4. Broadcast address: [Link]

Components Required :
1. Cisco Packet Tracer software
2. PCs (End devices)
3. Switch
4. Copper Straight-Through cables
5. Power supply (simulation)

Procedure :
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer.
2. Drag and drop a switch into the workspace.
3. Add multiple PCs (PC0, PC1, PC2,PC3,PC4,PC5 etc.).
4. Connect all PCs to the switch using copper straight-through cables.
5. Configure IP addresses on PCs within the range of [Link]/25:
1. PC0: [Link]
2. PC1: [Link]
3. PC2: [Link]
4. PC3: [Link]
5. PC4: [Link]
6. PC5: [Link]
 7. Subnet Mask: [Link]
6. Open the Command Prompt on each PC and use the command:

ipconfig to verify IP and subnet mask

7. Use the ping command to test connectivity between PCs.

Caution :
1. Assign IP addresses only within the valid host range.
2. Do not use the network ID ([Link]) or broadcast address
([Link]) for any host.
3. Ensure the subnet mask is correctly set to [Link].
4. Use proper cable connections.
5. Make sure all devices are powered on before testing.
Conclusion :
This simulation successfully demonstrates the subnet mask [Link]/25. It helps
in understanding subnetting, IP address allocation, and network communication. Proper
subnet mask configuration ensures efficient network management and avoids IP
conflicts.