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Numerical

The document contains a series of numerical problems related to semiconductor physics and optics, including calculations of probabilities of electron occupancy at various energy levels, conductivity, resistivity, Hall coefficient, and refractive indices. It also includes questions on multimode step index fibers, their normalized frequency, and guided modes. The problems are structured across three units, with Unit 1 focusing on semiconductor properties and Unit 3 on optics and fiber characteristics.

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8 views2 pages

Numerical

The document contains a series of numerical problems related to semiconductor physics and optics, including calculations of probabilities of electron occupancy at various energy levels, conductivity, resistivity, Hall coefficient, and refractive indices. It also includes questions on multimode step index fibers, their normalized frequency, and guided modes. The problems are structured across three units, with Unit 1 focusing on semiconductor properties and Unit 3 on optics and fiber characteristics.

Uploaded by

diwakaroli59
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Numerical

Unit-1

Q. 1 Let Determine the probability that an energy level 3 kT above the Fermi energy is
occupied by an electron at T =300 K.
Q. 2 The Fermi energy for copper at T =300 K is 7.0 eV. The electrons in copper follow the
Fermi–Dirac distribution function. (a) Find the probability of an energy level at 7.15
eV being occupied by an electron. (b) Repeat part (a) for T =1000 K. (Assume that E F

is a constant.) (c) Determine the probability of the energy state at E =E F being

occupied at T =300 K and at T =1000 K.


Q. 3 Calculate the position of the intrinsic Fermi level with respect to the center of the
bandgap in silicon at T = 300 K. The density of states effective carrier masses in
¿ ¿
silicon are mn =1.08m0 and m p = 0.56m0.
Q. 4 If the electrons and hole densities are equal to 3.5 X 10 19 m-3 for a germanium intrinsic
semiconductor, calculate conductivity and resistivity. Mobility of electron 0.39 m 2/V-
Sec and of hole 0.19 m2/V-Sec.
Q. 5 Calculate the conductivity of silicon at room temperature if n i=1.41X 1016m-3, µn=0.14
m2/V-sec, µh=0.06m2/V-sec. What are the individual contributions made by electrons
and holes.
Q. 6 A semiconductor crystal 12 mm long, 5 mm wide and 1 mm thick, has a magnetic flux
density of 0.8 (Wb/m2) applied from front to back perpendicular to the largest faces.
When a current of 20 mA flows length wise through the specimen, the voltage
measured across its width is found to be 37 μV. What is the Hall coefficient of this
semiconductor, carrier concentration?
Q. 7 Determine the majority carrier concentration and mobility, given Hall effect
parameters. Consider the geometry, A semiconductor with a current Ix is placed in a
magnetic fi eld perpendicular to the current. In this case, the magnetic fi eld is in the z
direction. Let L = 10-1 cm, W=10-2 cm, and d = 10-3 cm. Also assume that Ix=1.0 mA,
Vx = 12.5 V, Bz = 500 Gauss, and VH = -6.25 mV.

Unit-2
No numerical
Unit-3
Q1: Light travelling in air strikes a glass plate at an angle I1 = 33o, where I1 is measured
between the incoming ray and glass surface. Upon striking the glass, part of the beam is
reflected and part is refracted. If the refracted and refracted beams make an angle of 90 o
with each other, what is the refractive index of the glass? What is the critical angle for the
glass?

Q2: A multimode step index fiber with a core diameter of 80 µm and a refractive index
difference of 1.5 % is operating at a wavelength of 0.85 µm. If the core refractive index is
1.48, estimate the normalized frequency for the fiber and the number of guided modes.

Q3: A step index fiber has a normalized frequency V = 26.6 at 1300 nm wavelength. If
the core radius is 25 µm, find the numerical aperture.

Q4: A step index in air has a numerical aperture of 0.16, a core refractive index of 1.45
and a core diameter of 80 µm. Determine the normalized frequency for the fiber when the
light at a wavelength of 0.85 µm is transmitted. Further, estimate the number of guided
modes propagatingn the fiber.

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