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Introduction to the tutorials
This document includes four tutorials to help you increase your skills with Simcenter™
MAGNET™ Electric software. Each tutorial teaches you basic procedures that you can apply
to your own models.

2D Tutorials
Translational geometry

 Electrostatic solution: Spheres

 Current Flow solution: Conductance of a trimmed resistor
 Time-harmonic and Transient solution: Microstrip

3D Tutorials
 Electrostatic and Transient solution: Microstrip

Additional information
The Getting Started Guide introduces you to the basic Simcenter MAGNET Electric concepts.
More information on the procedures and concepts of model building with Simcenter MAGNET
Electric is found in the Help, included with each package.
Features showcase
Tutorial #1
2D Electrostatic solution: Spheres
Features you will learn
 Setting up the work environment by modifying initial settings, the construction grid,
and the viewing area.
 Building the geometric model using the Keyboard Input Bar.
 Setting up the problem - this consists of making components, electrodes, and
assigning boundary conditions.
 Generating the electrostatic field solution using Simcenter MAGNET Electric’s 2D
Electrostatic solver.
 Analyzing the results: this includes viewing the stored electric energy and charge of
the model, the shaded plot of |E|, and the contour of V.
 Probing local fields at specific locations using the Field Line Graph feature.

Tutorial #2
2D Current Flow solution: Conductance of a trimmed resistor
Features you will learn
 Setting up the work environment by modifying initial settings, the construction grid,
and the viewing area.
 Building the geometric model using the Keyboard Input Bar.
 Setting up the problem - this consists of creating a new material, and of making
components and electrodes.
 Generating the current flow field solution using Simcenter MAGNET Electric’s 2D
Current Flow solver.
 Analyzing the results: this includes viewing the power of the model, the current of the
electrodes, the shaded plot of |E|, and the contours of V.
 Probing local fields at specific locations using the Field Line Graph feature.
Tutorial #3
2D Time-harmonic and Transient solution: Microstrip
Features you will learn
 Setting up the work environment by modifying initial settings, the construction grid,
and the viewing area.
 Building the geometric model using the Keyboard Input Bar.
 Setting up the problem - this consists of making components and electrodes, using
parameterization, and assigning boundary conditions.
 Modifying the model so as to obtain the desired solution results.
 Generating the time-harmonic field solution using Simcenter MAGNET Electric’s 2D
Time-harmonic solver.
 Generating the transient field solution using Simcenter MAGNET Electric’s 2D
Transient solver.
 Analyzing the results: this includes viewing the contours of V at 0’, animating the
voltage contour field plot, and graphing the conduction and displacement current as a
function of frequency and time.

Tutorial #4
3D Electrostatic and Transient solution: Microstrip
Features you will learn
 Setting up the work environment by modifying initial settings, the construction grid,
and the viewing area.
 Building the geometric model using the Keyboard Input Bar.
 Setting up the problem - this consists of making components and electrodes, and
assigning boundary conditions.
 Modifying the model so as to obtain the desired solution results.
 Generating the electrostatic and transient field solution using Simcenter MAGNET
Electric’s 3D Electrostatic and Transient solvers.
 Generating streamlines using Simcenter MAGNET Electric’s Streamline Generator
extension.
 Analyzing the results: this includes viewing the contours of V and the shaded plot of
|E| smoothed, from two viewing perspectives (Z=0 and X=500).
Tutorial #1

2D Electrostatic
Spheres
Modeling plan
This problem is axisymmetric. Axisymmetric electric field problems usually have the axis itself
unconstrained. Like axisymmetric magnetic field problems, only the model to the right of the
axis is drawn. The boundaries can be nearer than in a Cartesian problem, simply because the
field values fall as a 1/distance3, not 1/distance2. Commonly the potentials are specified on the
device itself, with the boundaries set to Flux Tangential or Ground. The solver produces a set
of scalar potentials as a solution.

In this example, as discussed above, the boundaries are Flux Tangential, except for the mid
conducting plane set to Ground. It deals with the breakdown voltage between two spheres.
The results match up neatly with experimental work in the laboratory. As a check of the
computational method, it is instructive to calculate capacitance and attractive force between
two spheres, and compare with published work. The figure shows a typical sphere-gap
arrangement. The experiment establishes the relationship between breakdown voltage and
sphere spacing and diameter. It is instructive for the student of high voltage to perform the real
test in the laboratory, and then simulate it using a CAD package.

According to BBS, the voltage at breakdown is 131 kV rms. The peak value is thus 185 kV.
We will apply this potential difference between the spheres and use Simcenter MAGNET
Electric to calculate the maximum electric field strength (potential gradient) at breakdown.

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Creating a new model
Opening a new model
 From your desktop, double-click the Simcenter MAGNET™ Electric icon.

The Main window appears.

or

 If Simcenter MAGNET Electric is already running, on the File menu, click New to
open a new model.

Name the model

By default, Simcenter MAGNET Electric assigns a name to the model (e.g. Unsaved File1)
every time a new model is opened. As long as the application remains open, each new model
number increments by one (e.g., if the new model you have opened is the fourth one in this
session, Simcenter MAGNET Electric would assign the name Unsaved File4). You can
choose to retain this name, although it is recommended that you give the model a distinct
name.

1. On the File menu, click Save As.

2. In the Save As dialog box, enter Sphere as the name of the model.
3. Choose the drive and directory where you want to place the model.
4. Click Save As.

Setting up the working environment

Initial Settings
Each new model reverts to the Simcenter MAGNET Electric default settings for the meshing
method, preferred units for length, time and frequency, and for how curves will be displayed in
the view. For our model, we are going to change only the preferred unit for length and accept
all the other defaults.

1. From the Object page, select the model.

2. On the Edit menu, click Properties.
3. Click the Units tab and then from the Length drop down list, select Millimeters.
4. Click OK.

Set view to update automatically

Use of this feature resets the view automatically to include all of the model’s geometry, as it is
being drawn.

 On the View menu, click Update Automatically.

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Build the geometric model
For the example chosen, the sphere is 62.5 mm in diameter. Since the problem has a plane of
symmetry, it is possible to model only the upper sphere and half the air gap as shown, where
the arc represents the sphere. Thus, the center is (31.25 +30) mm above the plane. The
interior of the sphere need not be modeled.

Draw the geometric model of the components

1. On the Tools menu, click Keyboard Input Bar.
2. On the Draw menu, click Arc (Center, Start, End).
3. In the Keyboard Input bar, enter the following coordinates to draw the sphere:
Center 0, 61.25 Press ENTER
coordinates
Start coordinates 0, 30 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0, 92.5 Press ENTER
4. On the Draw menu, click Line.
5. In the Keyboard Input bar, enter the following coordinates to draw the air box:
Start coordinates 0, 30 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0, 0 Press ENTER
End coordinates 200, 0 Press ENTER
End coordinates 200, 300 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0, 300 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0, 92.5 Press ENTER and then ESC

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Setting up the problem
Make the component
1. On the Edit menu, click Select Construction Slice Surfaces.
2. Select the region between the outer arc and the boundary.
3. On the Model menu, click Make Component in an Arc, and enter the following values:

 Name: Air box

 Material: AIR
 Angle: -90 degrees
4. Click OK.

Make an electrode using the sphere

1. On the Edit menu, click Select Component Surfaces.
2. Select the half circle region, which represents the sphere surface.
3. On the Model menu, click Make Electrode.
4. In the Object page, select Electrode #1.
5. On the Edit menu, click Properties and modify Electrode#1 to read:

 Name: Electrode (Sphere)

6. Select the Waveform tab and enter the following values for DC:

 Amplitude: 92500
7. Click OK.

Assign boundary conditions

1. In the Object page, select Face#3 of the Air box component.
The surface of the bottom face is selected.
2. On the Boundary menu, click Ground.

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Generating the electrostatic field solution
Set the solving options
1. On the Solve menu, click Set Solver Options, and verify that the following values are set:

 Change default material type to be linear: No

 Non-linear convergence method: Newton-Raphson
 Max. Newton iterations: 20
 Newton tolerance: 1%
 Polynomial order: Default (Note for axisymmetric models the default is 2)
 CG tolerance: 0.01 %
 Source frequency: 60 Hertz
Note CG Tolerance is the only value that has any significance for this electrostatic
solution. All other values are listed for information purposes only.
2. Click OK.
3. On the Solve menu, click Static 2D.

Analyzing the results

In this section, the following results are viewed:

 Stored electric energy of model

 Charge on electrode
 Shaded plot of |E| on the lowest part of the arc and the lower left hand corner surface
of the model
 Contours of V

View the energy and charge

The Results window is automatically displayed when the Solver Progress dialog closes and
the solution is complete.

1. Verify that the value for Stored Electric Energy is 0.01875770716743 Joules.
2. Select the “Charge” tab.
The Charge page is displayed.

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 3. Verify that the value for Charge is 4.055720468633e-07 Coulombs.
4. The capacitance between the spheres is simply the charge divided by the potential
difference between them (i.e., 4.055720468633e-007/185x10e3 = 2.192pF). As a
comparison, the analytical result is 2.3487 pF.
Note To reduce the error in Simcenter MAGNET Electric’s value, use adaption or a
higher polynomial order.

View the shaded plot of |E|

First, we will magnify the area of the model we want to place focus on, and then update the
view to display the shaded plot of |E| for this area.

1. Before viewing the shaded plot, switch back to the View window by clicking the View tab
located at the bottom of the window.

2. On the View toolbar, click (Examine Model).

3. Hold down the CTRL key and left mouse button, and then drag the cursor down and
across the lowest part of the arc and the lower left hand corner, releasing the button
once the desired area is selected.
4. From the Project Bar, select the “Field” page, and then click the tab labelled “Contour”.
5. In the “Fields to Display” box, select None.
6. Click the tab labelled “Shaded”.
7. In the “Fields to Display” box, select |E|.
8. At the bottom of the “Field” page, click Update View.
The shaded plot is displayed.

Note The maximum value of |E| (4.5124e+006 V/m) is just below the sphere.

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View the contours of V
Here, we want to reset the viewing area so that the whole model is visible, and then update
the view to display the contours of V.

1. On the View menu, click View All.

2. In the “Fields to Display” box for the shaded plot, select None.
3. On the “Field” page, click the tab labelled “Contour”.
4. In the “Fields to Display” box, select V.
5. At the bottom of the Field page, click Update View.
The contour is displayed.

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Plotting V on a graph using the Field Contour Graphs feature
In this procedure we are going to use the Simcenter MAGNET Electric post-processing feature
(Field Line Graph) that allows us to define a line segment, extract the 1000 field values along
that segment, and then plot the field quantities on a graph.

Note Although not shown in this procedure, Field Arc Graph and Field Circle Graph
are also available for post-processing. Please refer to the Help for more
information.
1. On the Tools menu, click Field Line Graph.
2. If required, on the Tools menu, click Keyboard Input Bar.
3. In the Keyboard Input bar, enter the coordinates (0, 0) and (0, 30), pressing Enter after
each set of numbers.
Note If you prefer, you can also use the mouse to draw the line graphically.
4. The graph is automatically displayed in a new Graph window.

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Save the model
You have now completed the 2D Electrostatic tutorial.

1. On the File menu, click Save.

2. On the File menu, click Close.

Summary
In this tutorial, you completed the steps in creating a sphere model for an electrostatic
solution. The skills you learned include:

 Setting up the work environment by modifying initial settings and the viewing area.
 Building the geometric model using the Keyboard Input Bar.
 Setting up the problem -- this consists of making components, electrodes, and
assigning boundary conditions.
 Generating the electrostatic field solution using Simcenter MAGNET Electric’s 2D
Electrostatic solver.
 Analyzing the results, that includes viewing the stored electric energy and charge of
the model, the shaded plot of |E|, and the contour of V.
 Probing local fields at specific locations using the Field Line Graph.

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Tutorial #2

2D Current Flow
Conductance of a trimmed resistor
Modeling plan
This problem consists of calculating the conductance of the shape shown below. It is a
rectangle with a cut half way across it. The rectangle is 6 mm high, 10 mm long, with a slot 2
mm wide cutting half way across. Since the conductance per meter depth is totally
independent of the units, it is only the ratio of the x and y dimensions that is important here.

The electric field E is the gradient of a scalar potential V.

Creating a new model

Opening a new model
 From your desktop, double-click the Simcenter MAGNET Electric icon.

The Main window appears.

or

 If Simcenter MAGNET Electric is already running, on the File menu, click New to open a
new model.

Name the model

By default, Simcenter MAGNET Electric assigns a name to the model (e.g., Unsaved File1)
every time a new model is opened. As long as the application remains open, each new model
number increments by one (e.g., if the new model you have opened is the fourth one in this
session, Simcenter MAGNET Electric would assign the name Unsaved File4). You can
choose to retain this name, although it is recommended that you give the model a distinct
name.

1. On the File menu, click Save As.

2. In the Save As dialog box, enter Trim resistor as the name of the model.
3. Choose the drive and directory where you want to place the model.
4. Click Save As.

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Setting up the working environment
Initial Settings
Each new model reverts to the Simcenter MAGNET Electric default settings for the meshing
method, preferred units for length, time and frequency, and for how curves will be displayed in
the view. For our model, we are going to change only the preferred unit for length and accept
all the other defaults.

1. From the Object page, select the model.

2. On the Edit menu, click Properties.
3. Click the Units tab and then from the Length drop down list, select Millimeters.
4. Click OK.

Setting the construction grid

1. On the View menu, click Construction Grid.
A check mark next to the menu item indicates that it is enabled.
2. On the View menu, click Set Construction Grid.
3. In the Set Grid Extent and Spacing dialog, enter the following values:
Minimum X: -1 Maximum X: 11
Minimum Y: -1 Maximum Y: 9
X spacing: 1 Y spacing: 1
4. Click OK.

Set view to update automatically

Use of this feature resets the view automatically to include all of the model’s geometry, as it is
being drawn.

 On the View menu, click Update Automatically.

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Build the geometric model
Draw the geometric model of the component
1. On the Tools menu, click Keyboard Input Bar.
2. On the Draw menu, click Line.
3. In the Keyboard Input bar, enter the following coordinates to draw the conductor:
Start coordinates 0, 6 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0, 0 Press ENTER
End coordinates 10, 0 Press ENTER
End coordinates 10, 6 Press ENTER
End coordinates 6, 6 Press ENTER
End coordinates 6, 3 Press ENTER
End coordinates 4, 3 Press ENTER
End coordinates 4, 6 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0, 6 Press ENTER and then ESC

Setting up the problem

Create a new material
For the purposes of this tutorial, we need to assign a resistive material to the component we
have just drawn. Since this type of material does not exist in the Material library, we will create
a new material and save it to the database.

1. On the Tools menu, click New User Material.

2. On the General page, enter the following data:

 Name: Resistive Material

 Display color: Click Display Color and select an appropriate color
 Transparency: Optional
 Description: Optional
 Categories: Optional
3. Click Next.

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 4. On the Options page, select the following:

 Magnetic Permeability
 Electric Conductivity
5. Using the Next button to advance to the appropriate pages, enter the following values:

 Temperature Celsius = 20
 Relative Permeability = 1
 Coercivity Amps/m = 0
 Conductivity Siemens/m = 10
6. Once you have entered all the values, click Finish in the Confirmation page to create the
new material.
7. On the File menu, click Save.

Make the component

1. On the Edit menu, click Select Construction Slice Surfaces.
2. Select the interior region of the model you have drawn.
3. On the Model menu, click Make Component in a Line, and enter the following values:

 Name: Conductor
 Material: Resistive Material
 Distance: 1 Millimeter
4. Click OK.

Making the electrodes

1. On the View menu, click (Examine Model).

2. Holding down the left mouse button, place the cursor over the model and rotate it so that
it appears as the illustration above.
3. In the Object page, select Face#4 of the Conductor component.
4. On the Model menu, click Make Electrode.

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 5. In the Object page, select Face#10 of the Conductor component.
6. On the Model menu, click Make Electrode.
7. In the Object page, select Electrode #2.
8. On the Edit menu, click Properties and select the Waveform tab.
9. Enter the following values for DC:

 Amplitude: 1
10. Click OK.

Generating the current flow field solution

Set the solving options
1. On the Solve menu, click Set Solver Options, and enter (if necessary) the following
values:

 Change default material type to be linear: Yes

 CG Tolerance: 0.01
 Source frequency: 60 Hertz

2. Click OK.

Solve the model

 On the Solve menu, click Current Flow 2D.

The Simcenter MAGNET Electric Current Flow 2D Solver Progress dialog appears
momentarily and then the Results page opens.

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Analyzing the results
In this section, the following results are viewed:

 Ohmic loss
 Current on electrode
 Shaded plot of |E| of the model
 Contours of V

View the ohmic loss and current

The Results window is automatically displayed when the Solver Progress dialog closes and
the solution is complete.

1. Verify that the value for Ohmic Loss is 0.004150249060257 Watts.

2. Select the Conduction Current tab.
3. Verify that the values for each electrode is as follows:

 Electrode#1 -0.004150249060257 Amperes

 Electrode#2 0.004150249060257 Amperes

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View the shaded plot of |E|
1. Before viewing the shaded plot, switch back to the View window by clicking the View tab
located at the bottom of the window.
2. From the Project Bar, select the “Field” page, and then click the tab labelled “Contour”.
3. In the “Fields to Display” box, select None.
4. Click the tab labelled “Shaded”.
5. In the “Fields to Display” box, select |E|.
6. At the bottom of the Field page, click Update View.
The shaded plot is displayed.

View the contour of V

1. In the “Fields to Display” box of the Shaded tab, select None.
2. Click the tab labelled “Contour”.+
3. In the “Fields to Display” box, select V.
4. At the bottom of the Field page, Click Update View.
The contour is displayed.

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Plotting V on a graph using the Field Contour Graphs feature
In this procedure we are going to use the Simcenter MAGNET Electric post-processing feature
(Field Line Graph) that allows us to define a line segment, extract the 1000 field values along
that segment, and then plot the field quantities on a graph.

Note Although not shown in this procedure, Field Arc Graph and Field Circle Graph
are also available for post-processing. Please refer to the Help for more
information.
1. On the Tools menu, click Field Line Graph.
2. If required, on the Tools menu, click Keyboard Input Bar.
3. In the Keyboard Input bar, enter the coordinates (0, 0) and (10, 0), pressing Enter after
each set of numbers.
Note If you prefer, you can also use the mouse to draw the line graphically.
4. The graph is automatically displayed in a new window.

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Save the model
You have now completed the 2D Current Flow tutorial.

1. On the File menu, click Save.

2. On the File menu, click Close.

Summary
In this tutorial, you completed the steps in creating a Trim Resistor model for a current flow
solution. The skills you learned include:

 Setting up the work environment by modifying initial settings, the construction grid,
and the viewing area.
 Building the geometric model using the Keyboard Input Bar.
 Setting up the problem -- this consists of creating a new material, and of making
components and electrodes.
 Generating the current flow field solution using Simcenter MAGNET Electric’s 2D
Current Flow solver.
 Analyzing the results, which includes viewing the ohmic loss of the model, the
current of the electrodes, the shaded plot of |E|, and the contours of V.
 Probing local fields at specific locations using the Field Line Graph feature.

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Tutorial #3

2D Time-harmonic and Transient

Microstrip
Modeling plan

Creating a new model

Opening a new model
 From your desktop, double-click the Simcenter MAGNET Electric icon.
The Main window appears.
or

 If Simcenter MAGNET Electric is already running, on the File menu, click New to open
a new model.

Name the model

By default, Simcenter MAGNET Electric assigns a name to the model (e.g, UnsavedFile1)
every time a new model is opened. As long as the application remains open, each new model
number increments by one (e.g., if the new model you have opened is the fourth one in this
session, Simcenter MAGNET Electric would assign the name UnsavedFile4). You can choose
to retain this name, although it is recommended that you give the model a distinct name.

1. On the File menu, click Save As.

2. In the Save As dialog box, enter TH-Microstrip as the name of the model.
3. Choose the drive and directory where you want to place the model.
4. Click Save As.

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Setting up the working environment
Initial Settings
Each new model reverts to the Simcenter MAGNET Electric default settings for the meshing
method, preferred units for length, time and frequency, and for how curves will be displayed in
the view. For our model, we are going to change only the preferred unit for length and accept
all the other defaults.

1. On the Tools menu, click Set Units.

2. From the Length drop down list, select Millimeters.
3. Click OK.

Set view to update automatically

Use of this feature resets the view automatically to include all of the model’s geometry, as it is
being drawn.

 On the View menu, click Update Automatically.

Build the geometric model and set up the problem for

the dielectric board component
Create a new material
For the purposes of this tutorial, we need to assign a material that does not exist in the
Material library. We will create a new material and save it to the database.

1. On the Tools menu, click New User Material.

2. On the General page, enter the following data:

 Name: Diel
 Display color: Click Display Color and select an appropriate color
 Transparency: Optional
 Description: Optional
 Categories: Optional
3. Click Next.
4. On the Options page, select the following:

 Electric Conductivity
 Electric Permittivity

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 5. Using the Next button to advance to the appropriate pages, enter the following values:

 Temperature Celsius = 20
 Conductivity Siemens/m = 1e-4
 Conductivity %IACS = 1.72e-10 (Automatic)
Note Conductivity value entered in one unit is automatically reflected in the other unit.
 Relative Permittivity = 2
6. Once you have entered all the values, click Finish in the Confirmation page to create the
new material.
7. On the File menu, click Save.

Draw the dielectric board component

1. On the Tools menu, click Keyboard Input Bar.
2. On the Draw menu, click Line.
3. In the Keyboard Input bar, enter the following coordinates to draw the board:
Start coordinates 0, 0 Press ENTER
End coordinates 20, 0 Press ENTER
End coordinates 20, 5 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0, 5 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0, 0 Press ENTER and then
ESC

Make the dielectric board component

1. On the Edit menu, click Select Construction Slice Surfaces.
2. Select the interior region of the model you have drawn.
3. On the Model menu, click Make Component in a Line, and enter the following values:

 Name: Dielectric board

 Material: Diel
 Distance: 1 Millimeters
4. Click OK.

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Assign boundary conditions to the dielectric board

1. On the View menu, click Wireframe Model.

2. On the View menu, click (Examine Model Dynamically).

3. Holding down the left mouse button, place the cursor over the model and rotate it so that
it appears as the illustration above.
4. On the Edit menu, click Select Component Surfaces.
5. Expand the faces of the Dielectric board by clicking the + sign.
6. In the Object page, select Face#3 of the Dielectric Board component.
The bottom surface of the dielectric board is highlighted.
7. On the Boundary menu, click Ground.

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Build the geometric model for the air box component
Draw the air box component
1. On the View menu, click Preset Views, and then Positive Z Axis.
2. On the Draw menu, click Line.
3. On the View menu, click Update Automatically.
4. In the Keyboard Input bar, enter the following coordinates to draw the air box:
Start coordinates 0, 5 Press ENTER
End coordinates 20, 5 Press ENTER
End coordinates 20, 40 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0, 40 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0, 5 Press ENTER and then ESC

Make the air box component

1. On the Edit menu, click Select Construction Slice Surfaces.
2. Select the interior region of the model you have drawn.
3. On the Model menu, click Make Component in a Line, and enter the following values:

 Name: Air box

 Material: AIR
 Distance: 1 Millimeters
4. Click OK.

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Build the geometric model for the microstrip
component
Draw the microstrip component
1. On the View menu, click (Examine Model Dynamically).
2. Hold down the CTRL key and left mouse button, and then drag the cursor to form a
rectangle (around the bottom left corner of the air box and the top left corner of the
dielectric board), releasing the button once the desired area is selected.
3. On the Draw menu, click Line.
4. In the Keyboard Input bar, enter the following coordinates to draw the microstrip:
Start coordinates 0, 5 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0.5, 5 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0.5, 5.25 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0, 5.25 Press ENTER
End coordinates 0, 5 Press ENTER and then ESC

Make the microstrip component

1. On the Edit menu, click Select Construction Slice Surfaces.
2. Select the interior region of the model you have drawn.
3. On the Model menu, click Make Component in a Line, and enter the following values:

 Name: Microstrip
 Material: Copper: 5.77e7 Siemens/meter
 Distance: 1 Millimeters
4. Click OK.

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Make an electrode
1. In the Object page, select Microstrip component.
2. On the Model menu, click Make Electrode.
3. In the Object page, select Electrode #1.
4. On the Edit menu, click Properties and modify Electrode#1 to read:

 Name: Electrode (Strip)

5. Select the Waveform tab and enter the following values for AC:

 Magnitude (RMS): 1
Phase (Deg): 0

6. Click OK.

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Modifying the model prior to solving
Modify the mesh
In the 2D finite element method of analysis, the model is divided into a mesh of triangular-
shaped elements. The accuracy of the solution depends upon the nature of the field and the
size of the mesh elements. In regions where the direction or magnitude of the field is changing
rapidly, high accuracy requires small elements. One method of increasing mesh density is to
set the maximum element size for a component volume or specific faces of a component. The
following procedures will demonstrate this method.

View the initial mesh

Before changing the maximum element size, the default initial mesh can be viewed.

1. On the View menu, click Update Automatically.

2. On the View menu, click Initial 2D Mesh.
The initial mesh appears in the View window.

3. On the View menu, click Solid Model.

Set the maximum element size for each component

1. In the Object page of the Project bar, select the Dielectric board component.

2. On the Edit menu, click Properties.

The Dielectric board Properties dialog appears.
3. Select the Mesh tab.

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 4. Click inside the Maximum element size checkbox, and then type 1.5 in the text box.

5. Click Apply.
Tip Clicking Apply, instead of OK, keeps the dialog open and allows us to proceed to
the next component without having to repeat steps 2 and 3.
6. In the Object page, select the Air box component.
Notice that the text in the Properties dialog Title Bar has now changed to read
Air box Properties.
7. Click inside the Maximum element size checkbox, and then type 3 in the text box.
8. Click Apply.
9. In the Object page, select the Microstrip component.
10. Click inside the Maximum element size checkbox, and then type 0.1 in the text box.
11. Click OK.

View the changes to the mesh

1. On the View menu, click Initial 2D Mesh.
The modified initial mesh appears in the View window and should look similar to the
following illustration, on the right.

Before After
2. On the View menu, click Solid Model.

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Generating the time-harmonic field solution
Set the solving options

1. On the Solve menu, click Set Solver Options, and verify that the following values are set:

 Change default material type to be linear: No

 Non-linear convergence method: Newton-Raphson
 Maximum Newton iterations: 50
 Newton tolerance: 1%
 Polynomial order: 2
 CG tolerance: 0.01%
 Source frequency: 1e5 hertz
2. Click OK.

Solve the model

 On the Solve menu, click Time Harmonic 2D.
The Simcenter MAGNET Electric Time-Harmonic 2D Solver Progress dialog appears
briefly and then the Results window opens.

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Analyzing the results
View the contours of V at 0’
1. Before viewing the contour plot, switch back to the View window by clicking the View tab
located at the bottom of the window.
2. From the Project Bar, select the “Field” page.
The page appears with the Contour tab selected.
3. In the “Fields to Display” box, select V at 0’.
4. Select the “Shaded” tab.
5. In the “Fields to Display” box, select None.
6. At the bottom of the Field page, click Update View.
The contour plot of V at 0’ field is displayed.

Calculate the capacitance between the electrode and the ground

Calculating the capacitance requires taking the imaginary part of the total current
(add the conduction and displacement current in the electrode) divided by the voltage,
and then dividing it by the angular frequency w.

Note Adjust the display precision control on the Results page to 15 significant digits
voltage = 1
frequency = 1e5

-1.283726057337e-09 + 9.518088349029e-09 = 8.23436229e-09

voltage
and

8.23436229e-09 = 1.3105395e-14
2πf

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Calculate the conductance through the lossy dielectric substrate
Calculating the conductance requires taking the real part of the total current
(add the conduction and displacement current in the electrode) and then dividing it
by the voltage.
voltage = 1

4.867709461942e-08 + 2.664057089387e-10 = 4.89435003e-08

voltage

Parameterization
Parameterizing the solution frequency
Here we will use parameterization to study the behaviour as a function of frequency.

1. From the Object page, select the model (i.e. [Link]).

2. On the Edit menu, click Properties.
The model properties dialog appears.
3. Click the “Parameters” tab.
4. Scroll down to the SourceFrequency parameter.
5. In the Expression column, highlight 100000%Hz and then insert the following values:
1, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6, 1e7, and 1e8.
6. Press Tab.
7. Click OK.

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Generating the time-harmonic field solution after parameterization

Solve the model

 On the Solve menu, click Time Harmonic 2D.
The Simcenter MAGNET Electric Time-Harmonic 2D Solver Progress dialog appears
briefly and then the Results window opens.

Analyzing the results after parameterization

Graph the conduction and displacement current as a function of
frequency
The Results window is automatically displayed when the Solver Progress dialog closes and
the solution is complete. The effect of having parameterized Source Frequency with several
values has created a multiple-problem analysis. The procedure that follows uses Problem 1 as
an example.

1. In the Results window, open the “Conduction Current” page for Problem 1.
2. Using the mouse pointer, click the Real value (i.e. 4.890283105006e-08) inside the
Electrode (Strip) text box.

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 3. Click the Graph Selection button, located at the top of the Results window.
The graph should look like the illustration below.
Note If required, adjust the display precision control on both Charts, illustrated below, to
15 significant digits to display the same values as shown in the image below.

4. In the Results window, open the “Displacement Current” page for Problem 1.
5. Using the mouse pointer, click the Real value (i.e. 2.746849794266e-20) inside the
Electrode (Strip) text box.
6. Click the Graph Selection button, located at the top of the Results window.
The graph should look like the illustration below.

7. On the File menu, click Save.

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Reconfiguring the problem to perform a transient
analysis
Removing the parameterization of the solution frequency
Before proceeding with the transient analysis, we will remove the values assigned to
SourceFrequency. This will, in effect, return the tutorial to a single-problem analysis.

1. From the Object page, select the model (i.e. [Link]).

2. On the Edit menu, click Properties.
The model properties dialog appears.
3. Click the “Parameters” tab.
4. Scroll down to the SourceFrequency parameter.
5. In the Expression column, highlight the following values:
1, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6, 1e7, and 1e8.
6. Press Delete.
7. Click Close.

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Set the start, stop and step times
The start, stop, and step times are defined in the Set Transient Options dialog.

1. On the Solve menu, click Set Transient Options.

The Transient Options dialog appears.

2. Make sure that Fixed Interval is selected as the Time Step method and Milliseconds as
the unit for time, and then make the following modifications for Time:

 Start = 0.0
 Stop = 0.06
 Step = 0.0001
3. Click OK.

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Defining a pulse waveform for the electrode
1. On the Project Bar, select the “Electrode” tab.
2. Place the cursor over Electrode (Strip) item and then right-click the mouse.
3. On the floating menu, click Properties.
The Properties dialog appears.
4. Select the Waveform tab.
5. In the Type drop-down list, select Pulse.
6. Click the P checkbox to enable Period in seconds and all preceding optional values.
7. Insert the following values in the appropriate box:

 V1 --> 0
 V2 --> 1
 Td --> 0
 Tr --> 1e-06
 Tf --> 1e-06
 W --> 5e-06
 P --> 1e-05

8. Click OK.

Solve
 On the Solve menu, click Transient 2D.

The Simcenter MAGNET Electric Transient 2D Solver Progress dialog appears for a
few seconds and then the Results window opens.

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View the solution results
The following results will be reviewed in this section:

 A graph of the conduction current versus time

 A graph of the displacement current versus time

Graph the conduction and displacement current versus time

The Results window is automatically displayed when the Solver Progress dialog closes and
the solution is complete. The Time Steps can be viewed by clicking the Time drop-down list
box (as shown).

1. In the Results window, open the “Conduction Current” page.

2. Using the mouse pointer, click anywhere inside the Electrode (Strip) text box.
3. Click the Graph Selection button, located at the top of the Results window.
The graphs that follow should look like the illustrations below once you have adjusted
the display precision control on the Charts to 15 significant digits to display the same
values.

4. In the Results window, open the “Displacement Current” page.

5. Using the mouse pointer, click anywhere inside the Electrode (Strip) text box.

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 6. Click the Graph Selection button, located at the top of the Results window.
The graph should look like the illustration below.

Note The total current can be obtained by adding the displacement current with the
conduction current.
Save the model
You have now completed the 2D Time Harmonic and 2D Transient tutorial.

1. On the File menu, click Save.

2. On the File menu, click Close.

Summary
In this tutorial, you completed the steps in creating a microstrip model for time-harmonic and
transient solutions. The skills you learned include:

 Setting up the work environment by modifying initial settings, the construction grid,
and the viewing area.
 Building the geometric model using the Keyboard Input Bar.
 Setting up the problem -- this consists of making components and electrodes, using
parameterization, and assigning boundary conditions.
 Modifying the model to obtain the desired solution results.
 Generating the time-harmonic field solution using Simcenter MAGNET Electric’s 2D
Time-harmonic solver.
 Generating the transient field solution using Simcenter MAGNET Electric’s 2D
Transient solver.
 Analyzing the results, which includes:
 Viewing the contours of V at 0’
 Calculating the conductance and capacitance in the electrode
 Graphing the conduction and displacement current as a function of frequency and
time

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Tutorial #4

3D Electrostatic and Transient

Microstrip
Modeling plan
This problem consists of a substrate, a microstrip, a ground plane, and an air box.

Creating a new model

Opening a new model
 From your desktop, double-click the Simcenter MAGNET Electric icon.
The Main window appears.
or

 If Simcenter MAGNET Electric is already running, on the File menu, click New to open
a new model.

Name the model

By default, Simcenter MAGNET Electric assigns a name to the model (e.g., UnsavedFile1)
every time a new model is opened. As long as the application remains open, each new model
number increments by one (e.g., if the new model you have opened is the fourth one in this
session, Simcenter MAGNET Electric would assign the name UnsavedFile4). You can choose
to retain this name, although it is recommended that you give the model a distinct name.

1. On the File menu, click Save As.

2. In the Save As dialog box, enter Microstrip as the name of the model.
3. Choose the drive and directory where you want to place the model.
4. Click Save As.

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Setting up the working environment
Initial Settings
Each new model reverts to the Simcenter MAGNET Electric default settings for the meshing
method, preferred units for length, time and frequency, and for how curves will be displayed in
the view. For our model, we are going to change only the preferred unit for length and accept
all the other defaults.

1. From the Object page, select the model.

2. On the Edit menu, click Properties.
3. Select the Units tab.
4. From the Length drop down list, select Microns.
5. Click OK.

Set view to update automatically

Use of this feature resets the view automatically to include all of the model’s geometry, as it is
being drawn.

 On the View menu, click Update Automatically.

Build the geometric model and set up the

problem for the substrate component
Draw the substrate component
1. On the Tools menu, click Keyboard Input Bar.
2. On the Draw menu, click Line.
3. In the Keyboard Input bar, enter the following coordinates to draw the substrate:
Start -4500, Press ENTER
coordinates
End 05500, Press ENTER
coordinates
End 05500, Press ENTER
coordinates
End 1000
-4500, Press ENTER
coordinates
End 1000
-4500, Press ENTER and then ESC
coordinates 0

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Make the substrate component
1. On the Edit menu, click Select Construction Slice Surfaces.
2. Select the interior region of the model you have drawn.
3. On the Model menu, click Make Component in a Line, and enter the following values:

 Name: Substrate
 Material: EPE1: Relative permittivity 10
 Distance: 10000 Microns
4. Click OK.
5. From the Object page, select the Substrate component.
6. On the Edit menu, click Properties.
7. Select the Mesh tab.
8. Click the Maximum Element Size checkbox and then type 500 in the text box.
Verify that units are in Microns.
9. Select the Parameters tab.
10. Scroll down to PolynomialOrder and type 2 in the Expression text box.
11. Click OK.

Set the electric conductivity of the material “EPE1”

1. In the Project Bar, select the Material tab.
2. Select “EPE1: Relative Permittivity 10” in the Model Materials database.

3. Right-click and then select Properties.

The “EPE1: Relative Permittivity 10” Properties dialog appears.
4. Select the “Electric Conductivity” tab.

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 5. In the Conductivity Siemens/m column, type 1e-4 and then press Tab.
The value for %IACS is automatically generated.

6. Click OK.

Assign boundary conditions to the substrate

1. On the View menu, click Examine Model Dynamically.

Place and hold the cursor over the model and rotate upward until it appears similar to
the sample above.
2. In the Object page, select Face#3 of the Substrate component.
The bottom surface of the substrate is selected.
3. On the Boundary menu, click Ground.
4. Repeat procedures 3 (substituting Face#3) and 4 for Face#4 and then Face#6.

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Move the construction slice to draw the
microstrip
Move the construction slice
1. In the Object page, select Face#5 of the Substrate component.
2. On the Draw menu, click Move Construction Slice.
3. Ensure that the “To the currently selected surface” option is selected, and click OK.
4. On the Draw menu, click Move Construction Slice.
5. Select the “Along an arc” option and enter the following values, if required:

 Angle: 180 degrees

 Center: (0, 0) Microns
 Axis vector: (0, -1)
6. Click OK.

Delete construction slice edges

Since the edges on the construction slice remain even after being swept into a component, we
must remove them before proceeding to the next step of the tutorial.

1. On the Edit menu, click Select Construction Slice Edges.

2. On the Edit menu, click Select All.
3. Press the Delete key.

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Build the geometric model and set up the
problem for the microstrip component
Draw the microstrip component

1. On the View menu, click Wireframe Model.

2. On the View menu, click Preset Views, and then click Negative Y Axis.
3. On the Draw menu, click Line.
4. In the Keyboard Input bar, enter the following coordinates to draw the microstrip:
Start 0, 0 Press ENTER
coordinates
End 0, Press ENTER
coordinates
End 9500
1000, Press ENTER
coordinates
End 9500
1000, Press ENTER
coordinates
End 0 0
0, Press ENTER and then ESC
coordinates

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Make the microstrip component
1. On the Edit menu, click Select Construction Slice Surfaces.
2. Select the interior region of the model you have drawn.
3. On the Model menu, click Make Component in a Line, and enter the following values:

 Name: Strip
 Material: AIR
 Distance: 0 Microns
4. Click OK.
5. From the Object page, select the Strip Face#1 (Start face) surface.
6. On the Edit menu, click Properties.
7. Select the Mesh tab.
8. Click the Maximum Element Size checkbox and then type 100 in the text box.
Verify that units are in Microns.
9. Click OK.

Make an electrode
1. In the Object page, select Strip component.
2. On the Model menu, click Make Electrode.
3. In the Object page, select Electrode #1.
4. On the Edit menu, click Properties and modify Electrode#1 to read:

 Name: Electrode (Strip)

5. Select the Waveform tab and enter the following values for DC:

 Amplitude: 0.000707107
6. Click OK.

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Move the construction slice to draw the
boundaries
Move the construction slice
1. In the Object page, select Face#1 (Start Face) of the Substrate component.
2. On the Draw menu, click Move Construction Slice.
3. Ensure that the “To the currently selected surface” option is selected, and click OK.

Delete construction slice edges

Since the edges on the construction slice remain even after being swept into a component, we
must remove them before proceeding to the next step of the tutorial.

1. On the Edit menu, click Select Construction Slice Edges.

2. On the Edit menu, click Select All.
Make sure that the View window is the active window.
3. Press the Delete key.

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Build the geometric model and set up the
problem for the air box component
Draw the air box component
1. On the View menu, click Preset Views, and then click Positive Z Axis.
2. On the Draw menu, click Line.
3. In the Keyboard Input bar, enter the following coordinates to draw the air box:
Start coordinates -4500, 1000 Press ENTER
End coordinates 5500, 1000 Press ENTER
End coordinates 5500, 11000 Press ENTER
End coordinates -4500, 11000 Press ENTER
End coordinates -4500, 1000 Press ENTER and then
ESC

Make the air box component

1. On the Edit menu, click Select Construction Slice Surfaces.
2. Select the interior region of the model you have drawn.
3. On the Model menu, click Make Component in a Line, and enter the following values:

 Name: Air box

 Material: AIR
 Distance: 10000 Microns
4. Click OK.
5. From the Object page, select the Air box component.
6. On the Edit menu, click Properties.
7. Select the Parameters tab.
8. Scroll down to PolynomialOrder and type 2 in the Expression text box.
9. Click OK.

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Assign boundary conditions to the air box

1. On the View menu, click Solid Model.

2. On the View menu, click Examine Model Dynamically.
3. Place and hold the cursor over the model and rotate upward until it appears similar to
the sample above.
4. In the Object page, select Face#4 of the Air box component.
5. On the Boundary menu, click Ground.
6. Repeat procedures 3 and 4 for Face#5 and Face#6.

Modifying the model prior to solving

Create new slices for X=500 and Z=0
In this procedure, we are going to create two new slices, with one running through the
microstrip component (X=500), and the other perpendicular to it (Z=0). This will allow us to
view the field plot for each slice.

Note Slices are only visible in a solution mesh.

1. On the Tools menu, click New Slice.
2. Select the “Based on the point-normal definition of a plane” option, and enter the
following data:

 Point in the slice: (500, 0, 0) Microns

 Normal on the slice: (1, 0, 0)
3. Click OK.
The slice (i.e. Slice#1) for X=500 is created.
4. On the Tools menu, click New Slice.

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 5. Select the “Based on the point-normal definition of a plane” option, and enter the
following data:

 Point in the slice: (0, 0, 0) Microns

 Normal on the slice: (0, 0, 1)
6. Click OK.
The slice (i.e. Slice#2) for Z=0 is created.

Generating the electrostatic field solution

Set the solving options
1. On the Solve menu, click Set Solver Options, and verify that the following values are set:

 Change default material type to be linear: No

 Non-linear convergence method: Newton-Raphson
 Maximum Newton iterations: 50
 Newton tolerance: 1%
 CG tolerance: 0.01 %
 Source frequency: 1e5 Hertz
Note CG Tolerance is the only value that has any significance for electrostatic solutions.
All other values are listed for information purposes only.
2. Click OK.

Solve the model

 On the Solve menu, click Static 3D.
The Static 3D Solver Progress dialog appears briefly and then the Results window
opens.

Note Updates to the meshing algorithms may cause discrepancies between this
document’s screen captures and what is displayed in Simcenter MAGNET Electric.

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Analyzing the results
In this section, the following results are viewed:

 Contours of V and shaded plot of |E| smoothed at Z=0

 Contours of V and shaded plot of |E| smoothed at X=500
Hide all the components
Hiding all of the components and the boundary conditions will allow us to view the fields on the
two slices.

1. On the Object page, keeping the Shift key down, first select Substrate and then select
BoundaryCondition#6 (G).
All the required components and boundary conditions are selected.
2. On the Edit menu, click Toggle Visibility of Selected Components.

3. The symbol appearing next to each component object indicates that they are hidden.

Set the color interpolation and style of the shaded plot

This procedure will set the default for shaded plots to smooth instead of discrete, which is the
default.

1. On the View menu, click Default Fields.

2. On the Project Bar, select the View tab.
3. From the View tree, click Shaded Plot.
4. On the Edit menu, click Properties.
The Shaded Plot Properties page appears.

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 5. Click the Styles tab and then from the Interpolation drop-down menu, select
"Smooth: Displays blended colors between field values".
6. Click OK.

View the contours of V and shaded plot of |E| smoothed

Since V and |E| smoothed are the default fields for Simcenter MAGNET Electric, this
procedure is pretty straightforward. To plot these fields on the slice we created will require
only one additional step, that is, changing the view for X=500.

1. Before viewing the contour and shaded plots, switch back to the View window by clicking
the View tab located at the bottom of the window.
2. On the View menu, click Preset Views, and then click Positive Z Axis.
3. From the Project Bar, select the “Field” page.
The page appears with the “Contour” tab selected.
4. In the “Fields to Display” box, verify that V is selected.
Optionally, you can select the Shaded tab and verify that |E| smoothed is selected. As
mentioned above, since both fields are the defaults, this step is for verification purposes,
only.

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 5. At the bottom of the Field page, click Update View.
The view of the combined fields (contours of V and the shaded plot of |E| smoothed) at
Z=0 is displayed.

Note The boundary of the electrode represents a singularity – the more the boundary is
refined, the higher |E| will be.
6. On the View menu, click Preset Views, and then click Positive X Axis.
The view of the combined fields (contours of V and the shaded plot of |E| smoothed) at
X=500 is displayed.

Note The boundary of the electrode represents a singularity – the more the boundary is
refined, the higher |E| will be.
Generating streamlines
The following procedure demonstrates how the Streamline Generator extension can be used
to create "Flux function" contour plots (i.e. streamlines) in a 3D model.

1. On the Object page, keeping the Ctrl key down, first select Substrate, Strip, Slice#1 and
Slice#2.
2. On the Edit menu, click Toggle Visibility of Selected Components.

A symbol appears next to the Substrate and Strip components to signify that they are
now visible, as well as a symbol appearing next to Slice #1 and Slice#2 that
indicates that they are hidden.
3. On the View menu, click Solid Model.

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 4. On the View menu, click Examine Model Dynamically.
5. Place and hold the cursor over the model and rotate it until it appears similar to the
sample below.

6. On the Extensions menu, click Streamline generator.

The Streamline Generator extension appears.

7. Select the Maximum |E| or |J| tab.

8. Click Generate.
Streamlines are generated using seed points that are the coordinates of the points in the
solution where maximum |E| occurs, as shown (red line) in the illustration below.

The report displays the following information:

Start of streamline generation...
Getting the field for generating the streamlines.
Seed #1 of 1: (1000, 1000, 9500).
End of streamline generation.
9. Select the Point & Chart tab.

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 10. Using the coordinates [i.e. Seed #1 of 1: (1000, 1000, 9500)] listed in the report, enter
these values in the X, Y, and Z text boxes, and make sure that “Automatically create
charts of the fields along the streamline” is checked .
11. Click Generate.
Since we are using the same seed points, an identical streamline path to the one
generated for Maximum |E| is produced. In addition to the streamlines, charts showing
the field values of “Voltage (V) vs Distance (μ)” and “|E| (V/m) vs Distance (μ)” along
streamlines (1000, 1000, 9500) are displayed.

Voltage (V) vs Distance (μ) chart

|E| (V/m) vs Distance (μ) chart

12. Click Clear to remove the streamlines from the model and then click Close to exit the
Streamline Generator extension.
13. Close the Chart window and then maximize the model view.

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Reconfiguring the problem to perform a transient
analysis
Set the start, stop and step times
The start, stop, and step times are defined in the Set Transient Options dialog.

1. On the Solve menu, click Set Transient Options.

The Set Transient Options dialog appears.

2. Make sure that Fixed Interval is selected as the Time Step method and Milliseconds as
the unit for time, and then make the following modifications for Time:

 Start = 0.0
 Stop = 0.06
 Step = 0.001
3. Click OK.

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Defining a pulse waveform for the electrode
1. On the Object page, keeping the Shift key down, first select Air box and then select
BoundaryCondition#6 (G).

2. On the Edit menu, click Toggle Visibility of Selected Components.

A symbol appears next to the selected items to signify that they are now visible.
3. On the Project Bar, select the “Electrode” tab.
4. Place the cursor over Electrode (Strip) item and then right-click the mouse.
5. On the floating menu, click Properties.
The Electrode properties dialog appears.
6. Select the “Waveform” tab.

7. In the Type drop-down list, select Pulse.

8. Click the P checkbox to enable Period in seconds and all preceding optional values.

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 9. Insert the following values in the appropriate box:

 V1 --> 0
 V2 --> 1
 Td --> 0
 Tr --> 1e-06
 Tf --> 1e-06
 W --> 5e-06
 P --> 1e-05
10. Click OK.

Solve the model

 On the Solve menu, click Transient 3D.
The Simcenter MAGNET Electric Transient 3D Solver Progress dialog appears for a
minute or two and then the Results window opens. The Solver Progress dialog
automatically exits when the solution is complete.
Note Updates to the meshing algorithms may cause discrepancies between this
document’s screen captures and what is displayed in Simcenter MAGNET Electric.

View the solution results

The following results will be reviewed in this section:

 A graph of the conduction current versus time

 A graph of the displacement current versus time

Graph the conduction and displacement current versus time

The Results window is automatically displayed when the Solver Progress dialog closes and
the solution is complete. The Time Steps can be viewed by clicking the Time drop-down list
box (highlighted in the image below).

1. In the Results window, open the “Conduction Current” page.

2. Using the mouse pointer, click anywhere inside the Electrode (Strip) text box.

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 3. Click the Graph Selection button, located at the top of the Results window.
The graph should look like the illustration below.

4. In the Results window, open the “Displacement Current” page.

5. Using the mouse pointer, click anywhere inside the Electrode (Strip) text box.
6. Click the Graph Selection button, located at the top of the Results window.
The graph should look like the illustration below.

Note The total current can be obtained by adding the displacement current with the
conduction current.

Save the model

You have now completed the 3D Transient portion of the tutorial.

1. On the File menu, click Save.

2. On the File menu, click Close.

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Summary
In this tutorial, you completed the steps in creating a microstrip model for electrostatic and
transient solutions. The skills you learned include:

 Setting up the work environment by modifying initial settings and the viewing area.
 Building the geometric model using the Keyboard Input Bar.
 Setting up the problem -- this consists of making components and electrodes, and
assigning boundary conditions.
 Modifying the model so as to obtain the desired solution results.
 Generating the electrostatic and transient field solution using Simcenter MAGNET
Electric’s 3D Electrostatic and Transient solvers.
 Generating streamlines using Simcenter MAGNET Electric’s Streamline Generator
extension.
 Analyzing the results, which includes viewing the contours of V and the shaded plot of
|E| smoothed, from two viewing perspectives (Z=0 and X=500).

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