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Table of Contents
Welcome ......................................................................................................................................................................3
Learning Simcenter MAGNET Electric ..............................................................................................3
Additional information...........................................................................................................................3
Introduction to model building................................................................................................................ 5
Modeling flowchart ....................................................................................................................................5
Geometric modeling ....................................................................................................................................6
Edges ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Surfaces ............................................................................................................................................................7
Components ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
Drawing edges ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Lines ...................................................................................................................................................................8
Using the mouse pointer ........................................................................................................................8
Using the Keyboard Input bar ............................................................................................................ 8
Arcs .....................................................................................................................................................................9
Using the mouse pointer to draw an arc .................................................................................... 9
Using the Keyboard Input bar to draw an arc .........................................................................9
Circles ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
Using the mouse pointer to draw a circle .............................................................................. 10
Using the Keyboard Input bar to draw a circle .................................................................. 10
Segmenting edges ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Snap modes ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
Creating surfaces .................................................................................................................................... 12
Construction slice surfaces ............................................................................................................. 12
Moving edges with the construction slice .............................................................................. 12
Component surfaces .................................................................................................................................. 12
Extracting edges ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Creating components ................................................................................................................................ 13
Default sweep direction ...................................................................................................................... 13
Creating multiple components simultaneously ....................................................................... 13
Changing component properties ........................................................................................................ 14
Modifying component edges (chamfer or fillet) .................................................................. 14
Creating components using the CSG Modeling technique ................................................. 15
Selecting edges, surfaces, and components ........................................................................... 16
Selection box .............................................................................................................................................. 16
Positioning the construction slice ............................................................................................ 17
Materials................................................................................................................................................................ 18
Boundary conditions ........................................................................................................................................ 19
Finite element mesh ........................................................................................................................................ 20
Adaption .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Solving the model ............................................................................................................................................ 21
Welcome
Simcenter™ MAGNET™ Electric software provides state-of-the art visualization to help you
easily build 2D and 3D models for electrostatic, DC current flow, time-harmonic, and transient
analysis. Siemens’s leading edge technologies transparently generate the finite element mesh
and quickly provide accurate field solutions.

The structures which can be simulated with Simcenter MAGNET Electric include:

 Power transformers
 Biomedical applications
 Implants
 Electrical insulators
 Connectors
 Micro-motors
 Micro-actuators

Learning Simcenter MAGNET Electric

Your Simcenter MAGNET Electric documentation package consist of this Getting Started
Guide and Tutorials in an electronic media format (i.e. PDF files), and also includes a
comprehensive HTML Help (Simcenter MAGNET [Link]) system.

Getting Started Guide Tutorials

 Installation instructions  2D Electrostatic Tutorial: Spheres

(please refer to Simcenter MAGNET  2D Current Flow Tutorial:
Electric_*_install.pdf) Conductance of a trimmed resistor
 Introduction to modeling  2D Time-harmonic and Transient
Tutorial: Microstrip
 3D Electrostatic and Transient
Tutorial: Microstrip

Additional information
More information on the procedures and concepts of model building with Simcenter MAGNET
Electric is found in the Help included with each package.

Note The Simcenter MAGNET Electric Help menu provides easy access to the PDF
versions of this Getting Started Guide and the Tutorials.

Additional help is available by visiting the Siemens Support website:

[Link]

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Introduction to model building
A Simcenter MAGNET Electric model is made from a geometric model to which materials,
boundary conditions and excitations are assigned. After the model is solved, field plots and
numerical results are available for viewing. The finite element mesh of the model can be
customized to increase solution accuracy.

Modeling flowchart

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Geometric modeling
The geometric model is constructed from three basic building blocks:

 Edges
 Surfaces
 Components

Edges
Edges are lines and arcs. They are drawn on the construction slice in the View window.

The construction slice is a two-dimensional editing plane that can be moved forward and
backward in space. Edges drawn on the construction slice move with the slice and remain in
view until they are intentionally removed by the user.

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Surfaces
Edges are drawn to create surfaces. Surfaces are swept to create three-dimensional
components. A surface must be “closed” before it can be swept to create a component.

Components
Components can be swept in a positive or negative direction:

 For an arbitrary length

 In a circular arc through any angle

By drawing and sweeping surfaces, additional components are added to form an entire model.

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Drawing edges
Edges are drawn using the Draw toolbar and either the mouse pointer or the Keyboard Input
bar. You can draw lines, arcs, or circles.

Edges are drawn on the construction slice.

Note Edges are saved with the model even if the user has not swept the geometry
before closing.

Lines

Using the mouse pointer

Lines are drawn as polylines. That is, line drawing is continuous until you press ESC or
double-click the mouse.

Using the Keyboard Input bar

Lines are entered as coordinate PAIRS. The last coordinate PAIR entered becomes the start
coordinate PAIR of the next line. To stop drawing, or to begin a new line, press ESC on your
keyboard.

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Arcs
When drawing an arc using the mouse pointer or
keyboard, Simcenter MAGNET Electric
automatically adjusts the end point to have the
same radius from the center point as does the
start point.

Using the mouse pointer to draw an arc

Three different methods exist, when using the mouse pointer, for drawing arcs in Simcenter
MAGNET Electric.

 Arc (Center, Start, End)

 Arc (Start, Center, End)

 Arc (Start, End, Center)

Note Arcs are drawn in a counter-clockwise direction.

Holding the Ctrl key down, while drawing the arc, inverts the direction of the arc.
The arc is still created counter-clockwise; it is only the start and end points that
are inverted.

A “rubber-band” line follows the movement of the mouse pointer.

Using the Keyboard Input bar to draw an arc

Arcs are drawn by entering three coordinates, in the order that corresponds to one of the three
chosen method s (see above for reference):

 Center point, Start point, End point

 Start point, Center point, End point
 Start point, End point, Center point

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Circles
Note After a circle is
drawn, Simcenter
MAGNET Electric
automatically segments
the circle into two arcs.

Note

Using the mouse pointer to draw a circle

Two different methods exist, when using the mouse pointer, for drawing circles in Simcenter
MAGNET Electric.

 Circle (Center, Radius)

 Circle (Radius, Center)

Note A “rubber-band” line follows the movement of the mouse pointer.

Using the Keyboard Input bar to draw a circle

Circles are drawn by entering two coordinates, in the order that corresponds to one of the two
chosen methods (see above for reference):

 Center point, Point on the radius of the circle

 Point on the radius of the circle, Center point

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Segmenting edges
Edges are not automatically segmented at the point of intersection with other edges. Only
when the user has selected the specific edges, and then clicked Segment Edges on the Model
menu, do the lines segment.

Snap modes
The snap modes control the location of entry points made with the mouse pointer. There are
seven snap modes: Grid, Endpoint, Intersection, Nearest, Center, Tangent, and
Perpendicular.

None Points appear exactly where the mouse pointer clicks in the
display.
Grid Snaps to the nearest grid point.

Endpoint Snaps to the nearest endpoint of existing edges.

Intersection Snaps to the nearest endpoint of existing edges or the intersection

between existing edges.

Nearest Snaps to the nearest point on existing edges – any point.

Center Snaps to the nearest existing arc center.

Tangent Snaps to the nearest point on Construction Slice, where edge

being drawn becomes tangent.

Perpendicular Snaps to the nearest point on Construction Slice, where edge

being drawn becomes perpendicular.

Note Tangent and Perpendicular snap modes behave like None for the first point of an
edge because a point alone cannot be tangent or perpendicular.

A line being drawn may also become tangent or perpendicular at its first point, if
this point resides anywhere on an existing edge. Hence, using Endpoint for the
first point, and Tangent or Perpendicular for the second point, allows prolonging
an existing line or drawing a line perpendicular to it.

The snap mode stays in effect until a new snap mode is selected. Select None
from the Draw menu to turn off the snap mode.

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Creating surfaces
Surfaces are the basis of 3D components. Surfaces are 2D regions formed by:

 Edges drawn on the construction slice

 2D faces of 3D components

Construction slice surfaces

Surfaces drawn on the construction slice must be “closed” before they can be selected.

After a surface has been made into a component, the edges of the surface are duplicated in
the component. The original edges remain on the construction slice.

Note To remove the construction slice edges, select all of the edges and
then click Delete on the Edit menu.

Moving edges with the construction slice

Edges can only exist on the construction slice. If the construction slice is repositioned, all
edges move with the construction slice. For example, in the diagram below, the construction
slice, with edges, has been moved 2 meters in the positive Z direction.

Note Edges on the construction slice are saved with the model.

Component surfaces
Components can also be created from the 2D surfaces of other components.

Extracting edges
After a surface has been made into a component, the edges of the surface are duplicated in
the component. You can copy the edges of a component’s surface to the construction slice
using the Extract Edges command.

Note The construction slice must intersect the surface.

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Creating components
Components are created from surfaces (see “Creating surfaces” on page 8) or using the CSG
Modeling technique (see page 11). Components can be swept in either a linear or rotational
direction.

Note If you are using the Extrusion modeler, all the components of the model must be
swept in the same linear or rotational direction.

Default sweep direction

The default sweep direction for a component is positive (sweeping out of the construction slice
or out from the surface of a component).

Creating multiple components simultaneously

More than one surface can be selected to create a component.

Note When multiple components are created simultaneously, all components share the
same material and sweep distance. You can later change the properties of any
component in the Component property and parameter pages.

In the model below, three surfaces exist. You can sweep all of these surfaces at the same
time. To select all three surfaces, hold down the SHIFT key while selecting each surface. After
all the surfaces are selected, you can use the Make Component tool.

Tip When you press SHIFT or CTRL as you select objects, every object you click on
remains selected. Pressing CTRL as you select objects also enables you to click
on an object a second time to de-select the object.

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Changing component properties
The properties of a component are changed in the Component Properties dialog, which
consists of seven pages (General, Sweep, Mesh, Mesh Layers, Material, Charge, and
Parameters).

You can change the following properties:

 Name  Charge density for the volume

 Polynomial order (3D models only) (in Coulomb/length3)
 Initial Temperature  Material
 Enable/Disable the component  Material direction
 Line, arc, or multi-sweep settings  Position of the starting surface of
 Maximum element size the component
 Curvature Refinement minimum
element size
 Sweep distance
 Curvature Refinement angle  Maximum element size
 Mesh Layer type (Uniform,  Polynomial order (3D models
Logarithmic, User-defined) only)
 Material  Geometric position
 Material direction  Angle of the start and end
 Charge density for the volume (in surfaces (3D models only)
Coulomb/length3)  etc.
 Parameters for:

Modifying component edges (chamfer or fillet)

This feature allows you to modify your model at the component level by selecting an edge, or
edges, and transforming them to a chamfer or rounded edge.

Selected edge Chamfered Chamfered Filleted edge

symmetric edge asymmetric edge

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Creating components using the CSG Modeling technique
Various shapes and forms can easily be created using a modeling technique known as
Constructive Solid Geometry, or CSG.

Sphere

Rectangular
Block

Cylinder

Cone

Torus

Prism

Pyramid

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Selecting edges, surfaces, and components
Objects are selected with the mouse pointer using one of the selection tools on the Edit menu
or Selection toolbar, or by creating a selection box.

An object must be selected before a property or action can be applied to it. For example, a
construction slice surface must be selected before it can be made into a component. The
object is highlighted when it is selected.

Selection box
You can draw a selection box to highlight several objects at once. A selection box is also
useful to highlight only certain items. For example, to find all the available edges on the
construction slice, you can draw a selection box (using the select Construction Slice Edges
selection tool) to highlight the edges.

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Positioning the construction slice
The construction slice is a two-dimensional editing plane in the View window that can be
moved forward and backward in space.

The initial position of the construction slice is in the XY plane of the global XYZ coordinate
system. The slice is first located at Z=0. The construction slice can be moved forward and
backward using the Move Construction Slice dialog box. This dialog is accessed from either
the Draw toolbar or the Draw menu.

The construction slice can also be moved to a selected surface of a component.

When a component is swept, the start surface of the component begins on the construction
slice. The end surface of the component is determined by the sweep distance set in the
Make Component dialog.

Note The construction slice does not move when the component is swept.

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Materials
Materials are added to the component during the sweeping process.

 The Model Materials library lists all materials assigned to the device.
 The User Defined Materials library contains material that you have created or
modified.
 The Materials page contains hundreds of pre-defined materials (sorted by database)
that can be applied to the model, including electrical conductor and electrical
insulator materials. Each material can be assigned to several categories.
Note Any of these pre-defined materials can be modified to make a user-defined
material; you must first copy the pre-defined material to the User-defined
materials library and then make the appropriate changes in the Material Property
dialog.
The contents of the material library are shown in the Material page of the Project bar.

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Boundary conditions
Boundary conditions define the behavior of the electric field at the boundaries of the model.
Boundary conditions are applied to surfaces of the model, or to surfaces of an air box that
represents an artificial outer boundary that surrounds the model. Conditions of symmetry can
also be represented by using the appropriate boundary condition.

Simcenter MAGNET Electric provides five boundary conditions:

 Ground: Constrains the electrical potential to zero. The electric field is made normal
(perpendicular) to the boundary.
 Flux Tangential: Constrains to zero the normal component of the electric flux density. The
flux is made to flow tangential to (alongside) the boundary. The Flux Tangential
boundary condition is applied by default to all surfaces of the model that are not
assigned the Flux Tangential boundary condition.
 Even Periodic: If symmetry conditions exist, you can use the Even Periodic boundary
condition to model sections of a periodic structure with an even number of poles. The
mesh nodes on one plane of symmetry are related to the mesh nodes on the other side.
 Odd Periodic: If symmetry conditions exist, you can use the Odd Periodic boundary
condition to model sections of a periodic structure with an odd number of poles. The
mesh nodes on one plane of symmetry are related to the mesh nodes on the other side.
 Thin resistive sheet: Requires the user to specify the material name and sheet thickness.

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Finite element mesh
In the finite element method of analysis, the model is divided into a mesh of elements. The
field inside each element is represented by a polynomial with unknown coefficients. The finite
element analysis is the solution of the set of equations for the unknown coefficients.

The accuracy of the solution depends upon the nature of the field and the size of the mesh
elements. In regions where the direction or magnitude of the field is changing rapidly, high
accuracy requires small elements or high polynomial orders (or a combination of both).

Simcenter MAGNET Electric provides you with control over the size of the mesh elements.
You can change the size of the elements for the entire model, or only in areas of interest.

Adaption
Simcenter MAGNET Electric's adaption process automatically identifies the areas of the mesh
most in need of improvement and refines the mesh (h-adaption), or increases the polynomial
order of the elements (p-adaption), in those areas.

Simcenter MAGNET Electric's adaption is controlled by adaption options that are set before
solving begins. These options determine:

 the type of adaption method (h-adaption or p-adaption)

 the percentage of elements of the mesh that are refined during each adaption step
 the adaption convergence tolerance
 the maximum number of adaption steps
The Adaption Options are set in the Adaption Options properties page.

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Solving the model
Simcenter MAGNET Electric solves Maxwell's equations to find the electric field within the
model. The solution can be Electrostatic, DC current flow, Time-harmonic, or Transient for
either 2D or 3D models.

Simcenter MAGNET Electric also offers an adaption process that automatically identifies and
refines the areas of the mesh most in need of refinement to improve the quality of the solution.

The computed electric fields are viewed as shaded, arrow, or contour plots or as field
animations. In addition, Simcenter MAGNET Electric automatically extracts from the field
solution certain parameters of interest (depending on the solution type).

Electrostatic

 Total electric stored energy

 Force and torque on each body
 Net charge on each electrode
 Voltage across electrode
DC Current Flow

 Ohmic loss in each component

 Total current flowing out of each electrode
 Voltage across electrode
Time-harmonic

 Time-averaged electric stored energy

 Time-averaged force and torque on each body
 Net charge on each electrode
 Time-averaged Ohmic loss in each conducting component
 Total current flowing out of each electrode
 Total displacement current for each electrode
 Voltage across electrode
Transient

 Instantaneous electric energy

 Force and torque on each body
 Ohmic loss
 Charge on electrodes
 Conduction current on electrodes
 Displacement current on electrodes
 Voltage across electrode

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