New JyothiPHYSICS Lab
Monudl 41
40 New JyothiPHYSICS Lab Manual
|No.
Experiment - 6
Date :
MOMENT BAR
G
Metre Scale Aim
To find the mass of a body using a metre scale.
Body
Apparatus
(M)
Weight A
metre scale, Slotted weights, Given body, etc.
(W)
Principle
By principle of moments, M x AG = W x BG (see figure)
W× BG
M= (1)
AG
Fig. 1 where, M- mass of the given body and W-weight suspended.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS Procedure
Centre of Gravity of the metre scale, G =....m The centre of gravity of the metre scale is found out first. The scale is then suspended, using
WxBG astand and string loop, at the centre of gravity, G(in this position the scale remains horizontal). The
[Link]. W AG BG M= Mean M
AG given body is suspended at asuitable position, say A. On the other side of Gasuitable weight (W)
is suspended. Its position is adjusted so that the scale again remains horizontal. Let B be the
(g) (cm) (cm) (g) (e) position of W. The length AG and BG are noted. Now the mass of the body is calculated using the
relation (1 ). This procedure is repeated by changing weights (W). The mean mass of the body is
2 then determined.
Result
4
Mass of the given body = .....x 10- kg
5
Mean mass of the body, M = x 10 kg
Note : Weight of the given body, Mg
=........
New Jyothi PHYSICS Lab Manuol
68 New Jyothi PHYSICS Lab Manual 69
No. Experiment - 13
|Date :
HELICAL SPRING
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
Aim
i. To find the force constant or spring constant of ahelical spring by plotting a graph between
i Load - Etension Method Fig. 1 load and extension.
Acceleration due to gravity. g = 9.8m/s'
Mass K=
Load i. To determine the spring constant by measuring the time period of vertical oscillations ofa
Trial Mass Scale reading Extension known load.
Extension
No. M On On Mean producing mg
loading unloading extension Apparatus
(m) helical spring, Stand, Slotted weights, Stop-watch, etc.
A
Cm Cm Cn Cm kg N/cm
W, ... ..... I,=..... Principle
W+ W =.....
i. Load-extension method
3 2w 2w
.....
Using Hooke's law, load is proportional to extension
4
I, ...... I, - I,.... 3w =... Load mg
.:. Spring constant, K=
W,4 W=..... r, ..... I, - I,F...... 4 w =...... Extension
ii. Vertical oscillations
Mass - Extension Granh Mean K N/cm x 10N/m
Y The period of vertical oscillations ofa helical spring is given by
Scale T=2r. M/K
Cm
Extensio
X-axis 10 div = kg
Y-axis 10 div=..........Cm
where, K ’ Spring constant
AB = M ’ Total mass attached
kg
BC =..
T’ Period of oscillations
Cm
AB
BC
..... .kg /cm =......x10 kg/m
AB
.K Xg=......N/m
Mass ’ kg BC
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70 New Jyothi PHYSICs Lab Manual 71
Load-extension method
The given spring is suspended from arigid support. Apointer attached to the spring moves
ii Vertical oscillations
over ascale. Reading on the scale for w(w, +w), (w, +2w)...are found. The mean value of
Trial Mass Time for 20 oscillations (t) Period M scale reading for loading and unloading are r,, r,, r,...espectively. Extension (/) for loads w,
T=V20 T² 2w.3W....are given by (r,- ), ,-), (r,- )etc. are calculated. The spring constant
No. Mean
T²
M
Load
-
kg S S S S kg/s K= Extension
2 Agraph is plotted with Malong the X-axis and extension along the Y-axis. The graph is found
2w to be a straight line. From this Kcan also be calculated.
4
W
i. Vertical oscillations
The given spring is suspended from arigid support. Aweight hanger witha dead load (w) is
suspended at the lower end of the spring (w, should be sufficient to bring the spring in the elastic
mood). Apointer is attached to the spring. The weight is slightly pulled down and released. The
Mean
T ......./s spring executes vertical oscillations. The time taken for 20 oscillations is noted andthe period of
M
Spring constant K=4n´ x oscillation (U20) is calculated. Changingthe loads (say (w, +w).(w, +2w)...and the period
M-T Graph of oscillations are again determined. In each case MT' is calculated and hence its mean value is
F........... kg/s? determined.
Scale
Agraph is plotted with Malong the X-axis and T² along the Y-axis. The graph is found to be a
X-axis 10 diy = kg straight line. From this K can also be calculated.
Y-axis 10 diy=...... Results
AB kg i. Spring constant by load extension method N/m
(s?)
BC =
ii Spring constant by load extension graph N/m
AB
.... kg/s? [Link] constant by vertical oscillation method N/m
BC
AB
.K=41'x F.........N/m
BC
M’ kg