FATIMA SR. SEC.

SCHOOL

Food & Nutrition Project

SESSION : 2025-26

A Project Report On

“C ardiac A rrest ”
Submitted by : Arush Kasaudhan
Class : 12th B
 INDEX

• Certificate
• Acknowledgement
• About Cardiac Arrest
• Symptoms
• When to see a doctor
• How to do CPR
• Causes
• Heart conditions that can lead to Sudden
Cardiac Arrest
• Risk Factors
• Complications
• Prevention
Fatima sr. sec. school
Certificate
This is to certify that ARUSH KASAUDHAN is a
student of class 12th (B) and has successfully
prepared the report on the project entitled
“ Cardiac Arrest ”
Under the guidance of Mr. ABHISHEK
BHARGAWA (PGT). The report is the result of his
efforts & endeavours. The report is found
worthy of acceptance as Project Report for
the Chemistry subject of class 12th (science).

Signature of Food & Nutrition Teacher

______________________
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express a deep sense of thanks and

gratitude to my Project guide Mr. Anand Singh Sir
for guiding me immensely through the course of
the Project. His constructive advice & constant
motivation have been responsible for the
successful completion of this Project.

My sincere thank goes to our Father Principal for

his co-ordination in extending every possible
support for the completion of this project.

I would like to thank all those who had helped

directly or indirectly toward the completion of this
Project.

ARUSH KASAUDHAN
ClASS : 12TH B
 Cardiac arrest

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the sudden loss of

all heart activity due to an irregular heart rhythm.
Breathing stops. The person becomes
unconscious. Without immediate treatment,
sudden cardiac arrest can lead to death.
Emergency treatment for sudden cardiac arrest
includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
and shocks to the heart with a device called an
automated external defibrillator (AED). Survival is
possible with fast, appropriate medical care.
Sudden cardiac arrest isn't the same as a heart
attack. A heart attack happens when blood flow to
a part of the heart is blocked. Sudden cardiac
arrest is not due to a blockage. However, a heart
attack can cause a change in the heart's electrical
activity that leads to sudden cardiac arrest.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest are
immediate and severe and include:
• Sudden collapse.
• No pulse.
• No breathing.
• Loss of consciousness.
Sometimes other symptoms occur before sudden
cardiac arrest. These might include:
• Chest discomfort.
• Shortness of breath.
• Weakness.
• Fast-beating, fluttering or pounding heartbeat
called palpitations.
But sudden cardiac arrest often occurs with no
warning.
when to see a
doctor
When the heart stops, the lack of oxygen-rich
blood can quickly cause death or permanent
brain damage.
Call 108 or emergency medical services for these
symptoms:
• Chest pain or discomfort.
• Feeling of a pounding heartbeat.
• Rapid or irregular heartbeats.
• Unexplained wheezing.
• Shortness of breath.
• Fainting or near fainting.
• Lightheadedness or dizziness.
If you see someone who's unconscious and not
breathing, call 108 or local emergency services.
Then start CPR. The Indian Medical Association
recommends doing CPR with hard and fast chest
compressions. Use an automated external
defibrillator, called an AED, if one is available.

Fig : Demo CPR

Fig : AED
HOW TO DO CPR
Do CPR if the person isn't breathing. Push hard and
fast on the person's chest — about 100 to 120
pushes a minute. The pushes are called
compressions. If you've been trained in CPR, check
the person's airway. Then deliver rescue breaths
after every 30 compressions.
If you haven't been trained, just continue chest
compressions. Allow the chest to rise completely
between each push. Keep doing this until an AED
is available or emergency workers arrive.
Portable automated external defibrillators, called
AEDs, are available in many public places,
including airports and shopping malls. You also
can buy one for home use. AEDs come with voice
instructions for their use. They're programmed to
allow a shock only when appropriate.
causes
A change in the heart's electrical activity causes
sudden cardiac arrest. The change makes the
heart stop pumping blood. No blood flow goes to
the body.

To understand sudden cardiac arrest, it may help

to know more about the heart's signaling system.
Electric signals in the heart control the rate and
rhythm of the heartbeat. Faulty or extra electrical
signals can make the heart beat too fast, too slowly
or in an uncoordinated way. Changes in the
heartbeat are called arrhythmias. Some
arrhythmias are brief and harmless. Others can
lead to sudden cardiac arrest.
Heart conditions that
can lead to sudden
cardiac arrest
The most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest
is an irregular heart rhythm called ventricular
fibrillation. Rapid, erratic heart signals cause the
lower heart chambers to quiver uselessly instead of
pumping blood. Some heart conditions can make
you more likely to have this type of irregular
heartbeat.
However, sudden cardiac arrest can happen in
people who have no known heart disease.
Heart conditions that can cause sudden cardiac
arrest include:
• Coronary artery disease : Sudden cardiac
arrest may occur if the heart arteries become
clogged with cholesterol and other deposits,
reducing blood flow to the heart.
• Heart attack : If a heart attack occurs, often as
a result of severe coronary artery disease, it
can trigger ventricular fibrillation and sudden
cardiac arrest. Also, a heart attack can leave
 scar tissue in the heart. The scar tissue can
cause changes in the heartbeat.
• Enlarged heart called cardiomyopathy : This
condition usually happens when the walls in the
heart muscle stretch. The heart muscle gets
bigger or thicker.
• Heart valve disease : Leaking or narrowing of
the heart valves can lead to stretching or
thickening of the heart muscle. When the
chambers get larger or weak because of stress
caused by a tight or leaking valve, there's an
increased risk of developing an irregular
heartbeat.
• Heart condition present at birth, called a
congenital heart defect : Sudden cardiac
arrest in children or adolescents is often due to
a heart condition that they're born with. Adults
who've had repair surgery for a congenital
heart defect also have an increased risk of
sudden cardiac arrest.
Risk factors
The same things that increase the risk of heart
disease can raise the risk of sudden cardiac
arrest. These include:
• A family history of coronary artery disease.
• Smoking.
• High blood pressure.
• High blood cholesterol.
• Obesity.
• Diabetes.
• An inactive lifestyle.
Other things that might increase the risk of sudden
cardiac arrest include:
• A previous episode of sudden cardiac arrest
or a family history of it.
• A previous heart attack.
• A personal or family history of other forms of
heart disease such as heart rhythm disease,
heart failure and heart conditions present at
birth.
 • Growing older.
• Being male.
• Using illicit drugs such as cocaine or
amphetamines.
• Low potassium or magnesium levels.
• A sleep disorder called obstructive sleep
apnea.
• Chronic kidney disease.

COMPLICATIONS
When sudden cardiac arrest occurs, less blood
flows to the brain. If the heart rhythm isn't rapidly
restored, complications may include brain
damage and death.
preventions
Keeping the heart healthy may help prevent
sudden cardiac arrest. Take these steps:
• Eat healthy.
• Stay active and get regular exercise.
• Do not smoke or use tobacco.
• Have regular checkups.
• Get screened for heart disease.
• Control blood pressure and cholesterol.
If you have a known risk of cardiac arrest, your
healthcare professional might recommend a heart
device called an implantable cardioverter-
defibrillator (ICD). The device is placed under your
collarbone.
We also might consider purchasing an automated
external defibrillator (AED) for home use. Discuss this
with your healthcare team. AEDs help reset the
heart's rhythm when a person has sudden cardiac
arrest. But they can be expensive and aren't always
covered by health insurance.