INFLUENTIAL FIGURE CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO BE RESOLVED POSSIBLE RESULTS FROM RESOLVING
BE RESOLVED CONFLICT OR CRISIS
FAVORABLE RESULTS UNFAVORABLE RESULTS
1. Infancy (from birth to 18 Parents Trust vs Mistrust Being able to trust others Mistrusting others, withdrawal or
months) when primary caregiver estrangement
(usually the mother) provides
caring, attention, and love
2. Early Childhood (18 Parents Autonomy vs. Develops self-control and • Compulsive self-restraint or
months to 3 years) Shame and Doubt physical skills, and sense of compliance
Can I trust the people around me? independence without losing
self-esteem
- Ability to cooperate and to
• Willfulness and defiance
• Failure will result in feelings of
shame and doubt
express oneself
▪ If cared for: Child develop trust. - Develops feeling of
autonomy
3. Late Childhood Parents and Initiative vs. Guilt • Learns that being assertive, • When using too much power
▪ If neglected: Child may become fearful
(Preschool) Teachers using power, and being and control, might experience
(3-5 years) purposeful can influence disapproval resulting in lack of
their environment self-confidence and sense of
• Develops sense of purpose guilt
or mistrustful. • Starts to evaluate one’s
behavior
• Pessimism, fear of being
wrongly judged
INFLUENTIAL FIGURE CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO BE RESOLVED POSSIBLE RESULTS FROM RESOLVING
BE RESOLVED CONFLICT OR CRISIS
FAVORABLE RESULTS UNFAVORABLE RESULTS
1. Infancy (from birth to 18 Parents Trust vs Mistrust Being able to trust others Mistrusting others, withdrawal or
months)
Can I do things by myself? when primary caregiver
(usually the mother) provides
caring, attention, and love
estrangement
2. Early Childhood (18 Parents Autonomy vs. Develops self-control and • Compulsive self-restraint or
months to 3 years) Shame and Doubt physical skills, and sense of compliance
independence without losing • Willfulness and defiance
self-esteem • Failure will result in feelings of
- Ability to cooperate and to shame and doubt
express oneself
- Develops feeling of
autonomy
• Learns that being assertive, • When using too much power
• If supported: Child gains confidence and
3. Late Childhood Parents and Initiative vs. Guilt
(Preschool) Teachers using power, and being and control, might experience
(3-5 years) purposeful can influence disapproval resulting in lack of
independence. their environment
• Develops sense of purpose
self-confidence and sense of
guilt
• If criticized: Child may feel shame or doubt their • Starts to evaluate one’s
behavior
• Pessimism, fear of being
wrongly judged
abilities.
INFLUENTIAL FIGURE CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO BE RESOLVED POSSIBLE RESULTS FROM RESOLVING
BE RESOLVED CONFLICT OR CRISIS
FAVORABLE RESULTS UNFAVORABLE RESULTS
1. Infancy (from birth to 18 Parents Trust vs Mistrust Being able to trust others Mistrusting others, withdrawal or
months) when primary caregiver estrangement
Is it okay to explore and try new things? (usually the mother) provides
caring, attention, and love
2. Early Childhood (18 Parents Autonomy vs. Develops self-control and • Compulsive self-restraint or
• If encouraged: Child becomes more responsible
months to 3 years) Shame and Doubt physical skills, and sense of compliance
independence without losing • Willfulness and defiance
and take initiative. self-esteem
- Ability to cooperate and to
• Failure will result in feelings of
shame and doubt
• If discouraged: Child may feel guilty or afraid to try. express oneself
- Develops feeling of
autonomy
3. Late Childhood Parents and Initiative vs. Guilt • Learns that being assertive, • When using too much power
(Preschool) Teachers using power, and being and control, might experience
(3-5 years) purposeful can influence disapproval resulting in lack of
their environment self-confidence and sense of
• Develops sense of purpose guilt
• Starts to evaluate one’s • Pessimism, fear of being
behavior wrongly judged
INFLUENTIAL FIGURE CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO BE RESOLVED POSSIBLE RESULTS FROM RESOLVING
BE RESOLVED CONFLICT OR CRISIS
FAVORABLE RESULTS UNFAVORABLE RESULTS
4. School Age Parents and Industry vs. • Learns how to cope with • Loss of hope, sense of being
(6-12 years) Teachers Inferiority the school environment mediocre
and its demands • Develops feelings of inferiority
• Learns how to create, • Withdrawal from school and
develop, and manipulate peers
• Develops sense of
competence and
perseverance
5. Adolescence
(12-20 years) Can I be good at something?
Teachers and
Significant Others
Identity vs. Role
Confusion
• Develops a sense of self
and identity
• Plans to actualize one’s
• Feeling of confusion,
indecisiveness, and anti-social
behavior
abilities • Weak sense of self
If praised: Child feels capable and productive. • Develops the ability to stay
true to oneself
If ignored or compared: Child may feel inferior
or less than others.
INFLUENTIAL FIGURE CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO BE RESOLVED POSSIBLE RESULTS FROM RESOLVING
BE RESOLVED CONFLICT OR CRISIS
FAVORABLE RESULTS UNFAVORABLE RESULTS
4. School Age Parents and Industry vs. • Learns how to cope with • Loss of hope, sense of being
(6-12 years) Teachers
Who am I?
Inferiority the school environment
and its demands
mediocre
• Develops feelings of inferiority
• Learns how to create, • Withdrawal from school and
If supported: Teen forms a strong sense of self. develop, and manipulate
• Develops sense of
peers
If confused: Teen may struggle with identity or direction in [Link] and
perseverance
5. Adolescence Teachers and Identity vs. Role • Develops a sense of self • Feeling of confusion,
(12-20 years) Significant Others Confusion and identity indecisiveness, and anti-social
• Plans to actualize one’s behavior
abilities • Weak sense of self
• Develops the ability to stay
true to oneself
INFLUENTIAL FIGURE CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO BE RESOLVED POSSIBLE RESULTS FROM RESOLVING
BE RESOLVED CONFLICT OR CRISIS
FAVORABLE RESULTS UNFAVORABLE RESULTS
6. Young Adulthood Friends Intimacy vs. • Develops a strong need to • Impersonal, weak relationships
(20-25 years) Isolation form intimate, loving • Avoidance of relationship,
relationships with a group career, or lifestyle
of people or with another commitments
person • May result in isolation and
loneliness
7. Adulthood
(25-65 years) Can I build close relationship?
Community Generativity vs.
Stagnation
• Creates or nurtures thing
that will outlast them,
• Self-indulgence, self-concern,
or lack of interests and
either by having children commitments
or creating a positive • Shallow involvement in the
If successful: Person forms deep, meaningful change that benefits
others
world, pessismism
relationship. • Creativity, productivity,
feeling of usefulness and
accomplishments, and
If not: Person may feel lonely or isolated. concern for others
INFLUENTIAL FIGURE CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO BE RESOLVED POSSIBLE RESULTS FROM RESOLVING
BE RESOLVED CONFLICT OR CRISIS
FAVORABLE RESULTS UNFAVORABLE RESULTS
6. Young Adulthood
(20-25 years)
Can I contribute to the world?
Friends Intimacy vs.
Isolation
• Develops a strong need to
form intimate, loving
• Impersonal, weak relationships
• Avoidance of relationship,
relationships with a group career, or lifestyle
If productive: Person feels useful and give back (work, family). of people or with another commitments
• May result in isolation and
If not: Person may feel stuck or unfulfilled. person
loneliness
7. Adulthood Community Generativity vs. • Creates or nurtures thing • Self-indulgence, self-concern,
(25-65 years) Stagnation that will outlast them, or lack of interests and
either by having children commitments
or creating a positive • Shallow involvement in the
change that benefits world, pessimism.
others
• Creativity, productivity,
feeling of usefulness and
accomplishments, and
concern for others
INFLUENTIAL FIGURE CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO CONFLICT OR CRISIS TO BE RESOLVED POSSIBLE RESULTS FROM RESOLVING
BE RESOLVED CONFLICT OR CRISIS
FAVORABLE RESULTS UNFAVORABLE RESULTS
8. Maturity Community Integrity vs. • Sense of fulfillment as one • Sense of loss, contempt for
(65 years to death) Despair looks back in one’s life and others
develops feeling of wisdom • May result in regret, bitterness
• Acceptance of worth and and despair
uniqueness of one’s own
life
• Acceptance of the
inevitability of death and
transitioning
Did I live a meaningful life?
If satisfied: Person feels peace and acceptance.
If full of regret: Person may feel sadness or despair.
✓ PERSONAL GROWTH HAPPENS IN STAGES
- Human development continues
throughout life, and each stage brings
new challenges and opportunities for
growth.
✓ EVERY STAGE BUILDS ON THE PREVIOUS ONE
- If we successfully resolve one stage,
we’re better prepared to face the next. If
not, It can affect our future relationship
and decisions.
✓ LIFE IS ABOUT BALANCING CONFLICTS
- Each stage involves a conflict that
helps shape who we are emotionally and
socially .
✓ SUPPORT FROM OTHERS IS IMPORTANT
- Family, friends, teachers, and
community play a big role in helping
individuals go through each stage in a
healthy way.
✓ UNDERSTANDING OTHERS BETTER
- This theory helps us understand why
people act or feel a certain way
depending on their age or life
experience.
✓ SELF-AWARENES AND REFLECTION
- We become more aware of what
stage that we might be in and how we
can improve or support our personal
development.