RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 1[

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THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A CERTIFICATION b
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REVIEWER-BASED SYSTEM USING A TECHNOLOGY
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ACCEPTANCE MODEL u
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A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School
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Rizal Technological University s
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Mandaluyong City t
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In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree n
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Doctor of Philosophy in Technology Education i
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By a
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Juan Paulo H. Magcuyao q
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August 2022 o
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 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 2

APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation titled THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A

CERTIFICATION REVIEWER-BASED SYSTEM USING A TECHNOLOGY

ACCEPTANCE MODEL, was prepared, and submitted by Juan Paulo H.

Magcuyao in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of

Philosophy in Technology Education, has been examined and

recommended for acceptance and approval for the oral examination.

______________ Dr. Ma. Eugenia M. Yangco

Date Adviser

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Technology Education

with a grade of _______________ on ___________________.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Dr. Salvacion J. Pachejo

Chairman

Dr. Helen L. Mendoza Dr. Julius L. Meneses

Member Member

Dr. Magno M. Quendangan Dr. Marivic T. Sanchez

Member Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor

of Philosophy major in Technology Education.

_______________ Dr. Kathryn D. Tria

Date Dean
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 3

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The researcher wishes to acknowledge with profound gratitude and

heartfelt appreciation the following individuals for their contributions to the

realization of this humble undertaking:

Dr. Kathryn D. Tria, Dean of the RTU Graduate School, for her untiring

support for the conduct of the research;

Dr. Salvacion J. Pachejo, Chairman of the oral defense, for the intellectual

suggestions, insights, and genuine support;

Dr. Helen Mendoza, Dr. Julius Meneses, Dr. Magno Quendangan, and Dr.

Marivic Sanchez, panel members, for the comments and challenging remarks,

extended for the improvement of the study;

Noriel A. Macalalad, Angeluzel T. Reyes, Joyce E. Alayon, Ian T. Tiao,

Agnes Fernandez, Reynald Jay O. Fio, Cristina Renegado, and Aura Marie B.

Novesteras, for the authentic friendship built through the years;

Dr. Marilou C. Asturias, Dr. Pedrito Placio, and Dr. Luisito Hagos including

the panels who are my RTU lecturers, for the knowledge you have imparted;

Dr. Roman De Angel and Dr. Ace C. Lagman, Program Head and Director

of Far Eastern University – Institute of Technology, for the suggestions and

motivation to pursue this study;

Far Eastern University – Institute of Technology administration, for the

financial support and impetus to finish this study;

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 4

Dr. Ma. Eugenia M. Yangco, his dissertation adviser, University

President, Rizal Technological University for his guidance and support, constant

reminders, and above all for sharing his expertise for the success of this study;

and panel member of the oral defense, for motivating the researcher to pursue

his study on digital education.

His wife Franz, whose love brings hope to the researcher’s life and to my

sons and daughters, Jean Paula Mariez, Juliane Pia Marie, Henry III, and Juan

Paulo Jr., for letting the researcher experience God’s precious gift.

Above all, I thank the ALMIGHTY GOD for allowing me to write this. See

the light in your humble dissertation. Thank you, LORD, for this gift, in the

humility of the researcher's heart.

J.H.M.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 5

DEDICATION

This study is lovingly dedicated to my ever-supportive Nanay and Daddy,

Lucila & Henry;

To my sister, Maria Henrila; To my brothers, Noel, Henry Jr., and Dan

Andrew; To my loving grandmother, Inang Claudia;

And most of all, to the Lord Almighty.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 6

ABSTRACT

Getting a certification is one of the most complicated academic journeys

for students in the world of technology. Industry certification has evolved into a

distinct worldwide industry. The certification is an examination to evaluate

students' technical knowledge and competency in their chosen areas. Students

and recent graduates pursue certification because it gives them an advantage

in the job market and allows them to concentrate on relevant, meaningful, and

in-demand computing subjects. Giving students the best academic support is

essential to help them pass a certification exam evaluating their knowledge in

courses. The goal of this study was to create a certification reviewer-based

system that would let the reviewee provide a platform for review so that

appropriate academic interventions could be automatically given before the

examination process. The researcher has applied the TAM model to various

information systems. The researcher used the Rapid Application Development

Model to develop the reviewer-based system. Document analysis, survey

questions, and focus group conversations were used to gather the data. The

validated survey questionnaire was administered to students, instructors, and

practitioners during the School Year 2021-2022. The three groups of

respondents were purposively selected as they complied with the requirements

of the study. The data was analyzed quantitatively using the frequency

distribution, weighted mean, and one-way variance analysis of variance.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
APPROVAL SHEET ----------------------------------------------------------------- ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS------------------------------------------------------------ iii
DEDICATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------- v
ABSTRACT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ------------------------------------------------------------ ix
LIST OF TABLES -------------------------------------------------------------------- xi
LIST OF FIGURES------------------------------------------------------------------- xiii

CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Theoretical Framework ------------------------------------------------------ 15
Research Paradigm ---------------------------------------------------------- 20
Statement of the Problem--------------------------------------------------- 28
Scope and Delimitation ------------------------------------------------------ 30
Significance of Study --------------------------------------------------------- 30
Definition of Terms------------------------------------------------------------ 32

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Online Learning Platform ----------------------------------------------------38
Reviewer -------------------------------------------------------------------------40
Certification ---------------------------------------------------------------------43
Technology Acceptance Model --------------------------------------------48
Rapid Application Development -------------------------------------------55

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Method Used ----------------------------------------------------- 63
Population Frame and Sampling Scheme ------------------------------ 64
Description of the Participants --------------------------------------------- 65
Research Instruments ------------------------------------------------------- 65
Data Gathering Procedures ------------------------------------------------ 70
Statistical Treatment of Data ----------------------------------------------- 71

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSES, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Level of Acceptability of the
Certification Reviewer-Based System ----------------------------------- 97
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 8

There is a significant difference in the degree

of acceptability for the certification reviewer
by the profile of respondents in terms of: Perceived
usefulness (PU), Perceived ease of use (PEOU),
Attitude toward using (ATU) ----------------------------------------- 117
The respondents assess the perceived usefulness,
perceived ease of use, and attitude toward using the
Certification Reviewer-Based System ----------------------------- 125
Is there significant differences in the assessment of
respondents’ perceived usefulness, perceived ease
of use, and attitudes toward the usage of the
Certification Reviewer-Based System? --------------------------- 126
What are the challenges, issues, and
recommendations suggested by the respondent? ------------- 129
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings -------------------------------------------------- 132

Conclusions --------------------------------------------------------------- 137

Recommendations------------------------------------------------------- 138

BIBLIOGRAPHY ---------------------------------------------------------- 140

APPENDICES
A. FEU-IT BSIT Curriculum 2019---------------------------------- 149
B. Questionnaire ------------------------------------------------------- 153
C. Letter for Questionnaire Validation ---------------------------- 155
D. Letter of Request to Conduct a Study ------------------------ 156
E. Interview Guide for Professors --------------------------------- 157
F. Interview Guide for Students ------------------------------------ 158
G. Data Analysis ------------------------------------------------------- 159
H. Letter of Consent to the Respondents ------------------------ 161
I. TOI-Predevelopment (Exam Facilitator) --------------------- 162
J. TOI-Predevelopment (Student Respondent) --------------- 165
K. TOI-Testing (Student Respondent) --------------------------- 168
L. TOI-Testing (Instructor/Practitioner Respondent) --------- 171

CURRICULUM VITAE --------------------------------------------------- 174

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 9

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1. Cronbach's alpha Level of Internal Consistency ------------------- 43

2. Cronbach’s Reliability value in Terms of

Perceived Usefulness ------------------------------------------------------ 67

3. Cronbach’s Reliability value in Terms of

Perceived Ease of Use----------------------------------------------------- 68

4. Cronbach’s Reliability value in Terms of

Attitude Towards Using ---------------------------------------------------- 68

5. Seven Point Likert Scale -------------------------------------------------- 69

6. Hardware Specifications --------------------------------------------------- 77

7. Software Used for Design and Deployment -------------------------- 78

8. Software Used for Deployment ------------------------------------------ 79

9. Bugs and Action ------------------------------------------------------------- 82

10. Students’ Evaluation in Terms of

Perceived Usefulness ------------------------------------------------------ 98

11. Practitioners’ Evaluation in Terms of

Perceived Usefulness ------------------------------------------------------ 99

12. Instructors’ Evaluation in Terms of

Perceived Usefulness ----------------------------------------------------- 100

13. Respondents’ Evaluation in Terms of

Perceived Usefulness ----------------------------------------------------- 101

14. Overall Evaluation in Terms

Perceived Usefulness ----------------------------------------------------- 102

15. Students' Evaluation in Terms

of Perceived Ease of Use ------------------------------------------------ 104
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 10

16. Practitioner’s Evaluation in Terms

of Perceived Ease of Use ------------------------------------------------ 105

17. Instructor’s Evaluation in Terms

of Perceived Ease of Use ------------------------------------------------ 106

18. Respondents’ Evaluation in Terms

Perceived Ease of Use---------------------------------------------------- 107

19. Overall Evaluation in Terms of

Perceived Ease of Use---------------------------------------------------- 109

20. Students’ Evaluation in Terms of

Attitude Towards Using --------------------------------------------------- 111

21. Practitioners’ Evaluation in Terms

of Attitude Towards Using ------------------------------------------------ 112

22. Instructors’ Evaluation in Terms

of Attitude Towards Using ------------------------------------------------ 113

23. Respondents’ Evaluation in Terms

of Attitude Towards Using ------------------------------------------------ 114

24. Overall’ Evaluation in Terms of

Attitude Towards Using --------------------------------------------------- 115

25. ANOVA Results in Terms of

Perceived Usefulness ----------------------------------------------------- 117

26. Tukey Test in Terms of

Perceived Usefulness ----------------------------------------------------- 119

27. ANOVA Results in Terms

of Perceived Ease of Use ------------------------------------------------ 120

28. Tukey Test in Terms of

Perceived Ease of Use---------------------------------------------------- 121

29. ANOVA Results in Terms

of Attitude Towards Using ------------------------------------------------ 122
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 11

30. Tukey Test In Terms of

Attitude Towards Using --------------------------------------------------- 123

31. Summary of Evaluations using the Technology

Acceptance Model Criteria ----------------------------------------------- 125

32. Overall Analysis of Variance Test When

Grouped According to Types of Respondents ---------------------- 127

33. Tukey Test In Terms of Overall Perceptions ------------------------ 128

34. Problems Encountered and

Recommendations Offered on
the Use of the Certification Reviewer-Based System ------------- 130
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 12

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1. Technology Acceptance Model Framework --------------------------- 16

2. The Conceptual Framework Paradigm ---------------------------------- 26

3. RAD Process Phases -------------------------------------------------------- 75

4. Functional Decomposition Diagram -------------------------------------- 81

5. System Planning -------------------------------------------------------------- 85

6. Log in Page --------------------------------------------------------------------- 86

7. Homepage of the User ------------------------------------------------------- 87

8. Exam Page --------------------------------------------------------------------- 87

9. Result Page --------------------------------------------------------------------- 87

10. User’s Profile Page ----------------------------------------------------------- 88

11. Admin Log in Page------------------------------------------------------------ 88

12. Admin Category List ---------------------------------------------------------- 89

13. Administrator Homepage ---------------------------------------------------- 90

14. Admin User’s Lists ------------------------------------------------------------ 90

15. Question Bank ----------------------------------------------------------------- 91

16. Examination List --------------------------------------------------------------- 91

17. Results --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 92

18. The Settings -------------------------------------------------------------------- 92

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 13

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, school closures and

learning loss can negatively influence the current generation of school students.

This policy note examines important difficulties in today's schooling and

learning environment and suggests policy choices for preparing for in-person

schooling when it becomes available. Universities responded to the pandemic

threat by speeding up changes that were already underway. Now, as we look

ahead, we must make the most of these shifts while forging new paths.

Universities increased research and transferred online instruction when most of

the world was locked down. The crisis sparked innovation, resulting in unique

teaching, learning methods, new concepts, and technological advancements.

As we update our on-campus learning, many changes will be permanent.

(Joaquin. J, Biana. H., Dacela. M. 2020)

To meet the demands of students, particularly the 3.5 million tertiary-level

students enrolled in nearly 2,400 HEIs across the country, certain HEIs have

established proactive strategies to ensure that education continues despite the

closure. Modified types of online learning are included in these policies to

facilitate student learning activities. Asynchronous, delayed-time activities, such

as pre-recorded video lectures and time-independent assessments, are

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 14

examples of online learning (Oztok et al., 2013). Any public institution of higher

education that was established by an Act approved by the Philippine Congress

is referred to as a state university or college (SUC). These institutions may be

regarded as corporate bodies because the national government entirely funds

them. (k12 academics worldwide 2021)

A college in the Philippines is a higher education institution that often

provides a variety of specialized courses in the sciences, liberal arts, or specific

professional fields, such as nursing, hotel and restaurant management, and

information technology. The following requirements must be fulfilled for an

institution to be categorized as a university, including state universities and

colleges (SUCs), CHED-supervised higher education institutions (CHEIs), and

private higher education institutions (PHEIs), and community colleges (CCs).

The shift by HEIs to modified online learning modes aims to make the

government's commitment to education more concrete despite the epidemic. As

Leonor Briones, the secretary of the Philippine Department of Education

(DepEd), said, "Education must continue even in times of crisis, whether it may

be a tragedy, disaster, emergency, quarantine, or even war" (Department of

Education, 2020). On the other hand, the Commission on Higher Education

(CHED) of the Philippines recommended that HEIs keep using "other alternative

modalities of delivery in lieu of on-campus learning" (Commission on Higher

Education, 2020). These declarations are meant to promote lifelong learning.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 15

However, private HEIs are permitted to develop their own policies without

establishing guidelines and standards. (B. Joaquin et al., 2001)

However, many industries have opposed these HEIs' proactive online

learning initiatives for various reasons. For example, student governments from

various universities urged CHED to mandate the cancellation of online classes

through an online petition based on the opinions of students and faculty, stating

that "while we understand the need for learning to continue, the different

circumstances of students across universities are not ideal and conducive for

such." The petitioners argued that "access to the internet connection and

learning devices continued to be a privilege up to this day, placing those with

poor internet access at a disadvantage when it comes to online classes" [For a

better picture, consider that 74 percent (34,500) of public schools in the

Philippines lack internet access, and 45 percent (46 million) of Filipino citizens

do not. (Jones, 2019)].

The concept of flexible learning was defined as "more inclusive than online

learning" by CHED Chairperson Prospero de Vera many months after the first

backlash in March 2020. De Vera argues that while flexible learning does not

always require an internet connection, online learning does. As an alternative,

it "focuses on the design and delivery of programs, courses, and learning

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 16

interventions that suit the learners' particular requirements in terms of pace,

place, method, and learning products" (Parrocha, 2020).

Not only the Philippines but other nations also deal with the same

challenges. Neighbors throughout Southeast Asia have started to change

course and come up with innovative solutions to the same problems. As of May

2020, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam have created some kind of distance

education program. The Education Ministry of Thailand had initially intended to

use a Distance Learning Television (DLTV) platform to conduct a learning

program. In order to broadcast educational programs, vocational programs, and

informal and non-formal education, seventeen television channels were

created. (Praphornkul, 2020). The strategy combines online learning with

television or on-air learning. However, the deployment was criticized because

of broadcasting issues and inadequate connectivity (Bangkok Post, 2020a).

After a survey revealed that between 60 to 70 percent of children are

unprepared for TV education, the government changed its strategy and decided

to concentrate on getting schools ready to reopen nationwide (Bangkok Post,

2020b). The Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research, and Innovation

(MHESI) gave more than 60,000 educators and 2 million students access to

Microsoft software when Thai universities shifted their activities online.

(Microsoft, 2020b). To assure the success of the shift to digital, universities have

also formed essential collaborations and projects. The Learning Innovation

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 17

Center (LIC), a new learning platform from Chulalongkorn University, provides

resources, information, tools, and techniques to enhance online learning

(Chulalongkorn University, 2020). Before launching its educational program,

Vietnam's Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) held a national online

conference with 300 live meeting hubs to discuss ideas to enhance online

learning (Nguyen and Pham, 2020). Leaders from HEIs, as well as

representatives from technology and technical service providers, such as Viettel

Group, VNPT, MobiFone, Vietnamobile, Microsoft, Google, Amazon, and FPT,

attended the conference (Nguyen and Pham, 2020). The delegates began

formulating strategies to use online education long-term and not just as a

reaction to COVID-19 after realizing that they had a rare opportunity to

collaborate and improve digital teaching and learning. After several months of

testing, Vietnam now officially recognizes online teaching as a formal method.

(B. Joaquin et al., 2001).

The situation is being addressed with great urgency around the world. One

of the most affected industries by the pandemic is education and training. It has

the potential to stifle learning opportunities and restrict access to education and

training for persons who are already vulnerable and disadvantaged. Online

learning opens us previously unimagined possibilities for using data analytics to

better understand individual learning and tailor teaching to that learning.

Learning can be accelerated by combining online lectures with interactive

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 18

components such as polls or questions and informed, targeted, personalized

support.

The lecturer, tutors, and teaching algorithms can target instruction in these

critical areas to improve learning results when data exposes subjects that

students find most problematic. The idea that no one's safety should be

jeopardized by the necessity to be physically present in schools and training

institutions necessitates other means of exercise. Hundreds of kids and

teachers are locked in their houses due to self-isolation methods worldwide. As

a result, learning does not occur in the same way it would under normal

circumstances.

One of the academic institution's commitments to excellence in its

programs is reflected in certification examinations aside from the employability

of their graduates and accreditations of their program. It is vital to give students

appropriate academic interventions to assist them in passing certification exams

that assess their knowledge gained in specific courses.

The first step in understanding the significance of certificates is to know

what they are. The credentials that acknowledge and certify one's knowledge

and skills are certifications. A certain amount of study and training is required

for certificate programs. You receive a certificate of completion after the

certificate program's duration is over. Certificate programs are appropriate for

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 19

educating people on a particular task or building their abilities in a specific skill.

After finishing a course in a particular subject area, certifications are available.

Enhanced job opportunities. Any certification might provide you a benefit

when potential employers check through your resume. Nowadays, there is fierce

competition for practically every job, and having a certificate shows that you are

more knowledgeable than others. When a certification is a requirement for a job,

it can have a significant impact in specific situations. The candidate with the

certification would have the edge if two applicants with comparable backgrounds

applied for a particular employment vacancy. In other words, certification can

guarantee that hiring managers will review your CV again.

Obtaining the advantages of community engagement. Another well-known

instrument for community engagement is a certification. The benefits of

certification enable people to join two new communities. The first community

consists of aspirants who are working for certification. The second community

consists of licensed experts. The people pursuing certification can function as a

peer support network where they can share and learn simultaneously. If you

have any questions, certified professionals and subject matter experts in that

certification might assist you.

Improved chances of keeping your work. For experienced professionals,

certification is significant in terms of potential job retention. Due to the economic

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 20

environment's unpredictability, businesses are forced to discover new cost-

cutting strategies. As a result, in some circumstances, you could worry about

losing your work. Certification in these circumstances might assist you in making

your case for continuing in your job for employers. The certification highlights

your dedication to enhancing your knowledge and skill set, which also implies

advantages for employers. Growth in your career. Developing one's skills is

necessary for those who desire to climb the corporate ladder or move up to

better positions paying more. The development of new technologies, abilities,

and skills for a particular promotion is facilitated through certification. Your

career can progress by obtaining a new certification or a more advanced

certification in a particular field of expertise. (Gumaste, 2020)

Establishing professional credibility. Professional credibility is one of the

most important elements demonstrating the significance of certification for new

employees. You may demonstrate immediate professional credibility when you

obtain a specific certification and any future certifications from the same source.

After all, no one would doubt the skills of a Microsoft Azure Certified Solutions

Architect or AWS Certified DevOps Engineer! Additionally, attaining these

certificates demonstrates your dedication to advancing your professional

growth. Numerous firms also encourage their staff to obtain certificates that

establish their credibility: organizational productivity and competitive advantage.

The advantage for companies is a significant aspect that demonstrates how

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 21

certifications are advantageous. Professional certifications may assist people in

developing their talents to handle a certain profession. With trained

professionals, firms might thereby increase production. Professionals may

obtain advanced training, expertise, and information on modern tools,

technologies, and approaches to certification courses.

Maintaining relevance in the current professional environment.

Additionally, you should also note that becoming certified is not the only way to

secure high-paying employment. Some certificates need to be maintained and

renewed. One important need for keeping your certification as a qualified

professional current is a recertification. For instance, CompTIA mandates

recertification every three years. AWS, on the other hand, requires

recertification every two years. It could seem like an unnecessary hassle to take

the recertification exam. On the other contrary, recertification is the best way to

get advantages for both you and your employer. Professionals can keep up with

changes in technology and tools in each field by recertifying. For instance,

Amazon Web Services constantly introduces new functionality. Therefore,

recertifications assist professionals in keeping up with advancements in certain

technological platforms and maintain the relevance of their expertise.

Personal growth is the most significant factor that emphasizes the

importance of certification. Professionals could acquire certificates to

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 22

demonstrate their qualifications to potential employers or to accomplish

personal objectives. Certifications aimed at achieving a satisfying experience

may be possible. Receiving recognition for your work is fulfilling. The intangible

benefits of certificates may include a sense of self-motivation, discipline, and

devotion. Additionally, certificates provide a quick assessment of skill levels,

saving time and money throughout the recruiting process. The consistency of

performing duties as allocated is a significant benefit of certification for

organizations. Better dependability in the execution of organizational

procedures may be ensured by certified professionals. As a result, certification

is useful for corporations as well as for workers. (Gumaste, 2020)

“They’re looking for reasons to hire candidates ... if they see anything that’s

relevant to their industry, to their company, to the specific position, it’s definitely

going to help to make that candidate more attractive.” by Tim Gates. Both

professionals and job applicants can greatly benefit from certification. 91% of

hiring managers said that certification is an important hiring criterion.

Candidates for work who have certifications stand out in a competitive job

market. A certification strengthens your case for getting that significant raise or

promotion according to Certiport.

According to the 2021 Pearson Vue Value of Certification, upon

certification, 61 percent of tech professionals claim they received a promotion,

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 23

73 percent say they upgraded their skills to stay up with developing technology,

and 76 percent say they are better in their jobs. 91% of qualified IT professionals

claim that obtaining certification has boosted their confidence in their ability to

do their tasks. Among qualified IT professionals, 74 percent report having more

autonomy and freedom at work. In Global Knowledge 2020 IT skills and salary

report state that 94% of decision-makers worldwide say that certified team

members provide added value.

There may be additional qualifications for job searchers in some fields of

employment beyond education and experience. Several companies could

demand that their employees hold professional certifications, however, some

certifications could cost money and require a lot of study time. Professional

certification is a certificate that confirms a person's competence in a certain field.

A professional association normally grants certifications upon the completion of

some sort of assessment for the candidate.

An individual is normally able to start using a designation after their name

once they have earned certification. One who obtains the Certified Safety

Professional® title, for example, may start using "CSP®" after their name. There

are frequently continuing obligations to keep certification active. Different

certification requirements may apply. Some certificates only need you to pay a

fee and pass an exam. Others could have eligibility criteria, such as having job
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 24

experience. The level of difficulty is essential, but you shouldn't hesitate from

certificates that are harder to access and keep up, or that demand more

experience since they could end up being more helpful in the long run. Any

company or person can design their own certification process. Widely accepted

industry certifications are more beneficial than those that aren't. A company’s

name recognition can also increase the perceived value of a certification. For

example, given Google's well-known brand, marketing experts recognize

Google Ads Certifications.

Certifications' value also relies on your job or potential employer. While

some companies may insist on certifications for their staff members and even

pay for them, others might not consider them to be useful at all. Certifications

may be included in job descriptions, but individuals who improve in other areas

may be able to get by without them. A valuable certification guarantees that you

keep up a high level of expertise and understanding in your field. The

commitment you have to master your knowledge and abilities in your industry is

also demonstrated by your certifications.

A major component of creating an expanding, flourishing firm is a never-

ending desire for education. Additionally, even though they may require a time

and resource commitment, continuing education and certification programs may

help you get acknowledgment for your particular expertise or skill set, which can
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 25

be a big advantage when trying to attract certain customers or projects. Your

dedication to utmost professionalism, respecting industry standards, and

ongoing learning is demonstrated by your certification. When exploring new

business possibilities or submitting bids for projects, these attributes can help

you increase your professional credibility and reputation among your own

network of contacts as well as with your present clientele. Due to the numerous

benefits, they may offer you throughout your career, certifications are frequently

an investment that is justified. (MBO Partners, 2021)

One of the most challenging academic journeys of students in the field of

computing is obtaining a certification. Industry certification has become a global

industry in its own right. The certification serves as an examination to assess

the technical expertise and proficiency of students in their respective disciplines.

Students and graduates obtained certification as it serves an edge in terms of

employment which can provide more opportunities and specialize in relevant

and in-demand computing disciplines. In addition, students and graduates are

encouraged to take the certification exam in their respective fields as it can build

confidence and motivation to become successful in school and to be globally

recognized in their chosen careers. Certification continues to be highly important

for employment in the computer field (J. Mason & C. Schlichting. 2005).
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 26

The computing certifications are categorized as either vendor-neutral

certifications or vendor-specific certifications. University ICT degrees give

students a well-rounded, broad base with which to move into the industry

(Kabia, 2012). Graduates may however find that without specific product skills

many employers may be reluctant to hire them.

Most industries that make employment decisions are hiring professionals

with relevant certifications, such as computing certifications, professional

certifications have a considerable effect on employment decisions in IT jobs

(Baker, Al-Gahtani, & Hubona, 2007).

With the above-mentioned rationale, students and graduates who are in

the field of computing are recommended to take related and relevant

certification as it has a direct impact in terms of their future computing

professional employment. Academic institutions are now exploring integrating

certification in the curriculum. With this, just like the board and licensure

examination, having a higher certification passing rate indicate and reflects the

institution's quality of education.

With this, the researcher aims to create a certification reviewer-based

system that enables the student to provide a review platform in which relevant

academic interventions can be automatically provided before taking the

certification examination. Thru the platform, the System enables to identify of

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 27

the strength and weaknesses of the examinee as such students/graduates can

identify what topics are in need of more academic interventions.

The study also adopts Siedman’s formula for student success, i.e., Early

(Identification) + (Early + Intensive + Continuous) Intervention. As such, early

identification of exam takers with a learning difficulty can be identified and

successful intervention program(s) is the key to improving exam takers’

success.

Theoretical Framework

Understanding the basic factors that can accurately identify how a system

will be used has become an important area of research in recent years that

concentrates on users' acceptance of new technology. The certification

reviewer-based system is connected to the Technology Acceptance Model

(TAM). TAM is “to provide an explanation of the determinates of computer

acceptance that is general, capable of explaining user behavior across a broad

range of end-user computing technologies and user populations, while at the

same time being both parsimonious and theoretically justified.” Based on the

Technology Acceptance Model, to customize new services and products

properly and effectively to the market (Davis et al. 1989, p. 985). The literature

recommends a wide range of effective applications in many sectors, including

e-learning (Liu et al. 2009; Liu et al. 2010), e-commerce (Pavlou 2003; Yoon
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 28

2009; Wu and Wang 2005), and learning (Wan Ismail 2012), and so on.

Researchers have applied the Technology Acceptance Model to a wide variety

of information systems. In the area of communications systems, Lee et al.

(2003) found that, through 2003, TAM has been applied to multiply system

acceptance. Specialized business systems such as computerized models, case

tools, hospital systems, decision support systems, expert support systems, and

MRP were examined as well using the framework mentioned. To describe

computer usage behavior, TAM is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action

(TRA) (Fishbein and Ajzen 1975). Prior to now, it has mostly focused on the

perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude toward using, and

behavioral intention when attempting to foresee Internet adoption.

To evaluate the development of a reviewer-based system the technology

acceptance model (TAM) will be used. It includes perceived usefulness,

perceived ease of use, and attitude towards using.

Figure 1. Technology Acceptance Model Framework

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 29

The Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989), or TAM, sets those two

variables to decide whether a computer system will be accepted by its potential

clients: (1) perceived usefulness and (2) perceived ease of use.

Perceived Usefulness

Perceived usefulness is "the degree to which a person believes that using

a particular system would enhance his or her performance" (Davis, 1989). It

provides how the System enables to help and provide necessary benefits for

the users. Perceived usefulness is a factor that affects the utility value that

results from system use and can be characterized as the extent to which a user

believes that employing a particular technology would improve that user's

performance (Kim et al. 2008; Lee et al. 2005).

Perceived Ease of Use

Perceived ease of use is defined as "the degree to which a person believes

that using a particular system would be free of effort. (Kim et al. 2008). The

System developed provides ease of use in terms of its navigation and

usefulness Individuals prefer to lessen the effort needed to perform a task

(Amazona & Hernandez, 2019; Rahimi et al., 2018).

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 30

Both of these factors have an impact on the attitude and ensuing

behavioral intention (Kim et al. 2009). When compared to behavioral intention,

attitude captures how the user feels about the technology and how willing they

are to engage in a particular action.

Attitude toward using

The reviewer-based system aims to determine the attitude of the users,

through the Likert scale. The participant’s attitude towards using the system will

be analyzed and interpreted. Contrary to recent research findings that supported

the significance of attitude toward use in the TAM (e.g., Lau & Woods, 2008;

Teo, 2008). Analysis revealed that there are significant, favorable correlations

between user beliefs and attitudes and behavioral intention and attitudes

towards technology (Chang & Cheung, 2001; Choi, Choi, Kim, &Yu, 2003;

Jeong & Lambert, 2002). Kumar (2003) indicated that most teachers think that

computer experience has a positive effect on the attitude toward use. Attitudes

are effective and based upon a set of beliefs about the object of behavior

(Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975)

Behavioral Intention

The actual use of learning objects was accurately predicted on behavioral

intention. The outcomes demonstrate that the TAM is valid in the setting of
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 31

learning objects and that it may be applied to evaluate users' future behavior

(Lau S. and Woods P. (2008).

One of the most widely accepted theories is the Theory of Reasonable

Action (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975), which discusses a factor that impacts a

person's behavioral intention and attitudes about that behavior. Fishbein and

Ajzen (1975) defined "attitude" as a person's assessment of an object, "belief"

as a connection between an object and some attribute, and "behavior" as an

action taken in response to an intention.

Rapid Application Development Model

According to Delima R., Santoso H., and Puwardi J. (2017), RAD is a

methodology used to develop software. This method is able to reduce the time

to develop software. IBM first suggested the Rapid Application Development

Model in the 1980s. The use of better development tools and techniques is a

crucial element of this model. This method should be applied to a system with

well-defined requirements and a short iterative cycle. It is also appropriate for

projects where requirements may be divided into sections and where reusable

components are available. According to Kristanto (2018), the system is a

collection of interrelated elements that work together to process the input that is

shown to the system until producing the output. Effective use of rapid application
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 32

development is that it can iterate as often as you like without having to start from

scratch, change the design, add features, and so on.

The purpose of this research is to apply the above theory in order to

develop a certification reviewer-based system for IT Students, IT Practitioners,

and IT Instructors which will be called a reviewer-based system to improve the

learning style of the reviewee.

Research Paradigm

To create a Certification Reviewer-Based System Using a Technology

Acceptance Model, the researcher will use the study paradigm. In the process

block of the research paradigm, the steps involved in developing this study are

provided. It entails RAD Methodology as a project management system. It relies

on incremental development and the creation and evaluation of the survey

questionnaire and interview guide given to the respondents. It would lead to the

study's outcomes: the Development and Evaluation of a Certification Reviewer-

Based System Using a Technology Acceptance Model as indicated in the

research paradigm's output block. In addition, the research paradigm includes

a feedback block, which is viewed as a closed system for the study's research

paradigm.

The XAMPP, Visual Studio Code, Web Browser, and Adobe Software

computer applications are about to be utilized to create the Certification

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 33

Reviewer-Based System. To effectively employ these software programs in

designing and developing the certification reviewer-based system, it is

necessary to understand them more profound. The System also requires any

web browsers that are installed on the machine.

RAD Model will serve as a framework for structuring the development of a

certification reviewer-based system. With the help of the RAD model, novice

programmers may make use of high-performance computing while seasoned

programmers can fully exploit the underlying technology. This makes it possible

to quickly prototype, retarget, and reuse existing software while still permitting,

if necessary, hardware-specific optimization. The RAD system places an

emphasis on the quick design development cycle and high-quality outcomes

from other methodologies like waterfall, agile, scrum, and others. A

development strategy called Rapid Application Development (RAD) puts an

emphasis on quick feedback and rapid prototyping over lengthy development

and testing cycles. Rapid application development enables developers to swiftly

iterate and update software without having to start from scratch each time. This

ensures that the final product is more quality-focused and meets the needs of

the end consumers.

One significant issue with the waterfall model is that once the product

enters the testing phase, the tester cannot go back and repeat or modify the
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 34

essential features and functions. In essence, this leaves teams with software

that may or may not meet the changing needs of the end customers. Agile

places more emphasis on its models and ideal workplace. However, RAD is a

model that is considerably more flexible. It is more concerned with the outcome's

quality than with the delivery methods and schedule. Consequently, RAD is

typically preferred as the optimal development paradigm by firms that do not

have well-established Agile frameworks. RAD approaches to software

development place greater focus on an adaptive process and less emphasis on

planning. In some cases, prototypes may be utilized instead of or in addition to

design specifications. Although it has extensive applications in various

disciplines and is gradually beginning to be investigated by traditional project

teams more generally, Scrum is an agile framework for managing knowledge

work that places a focus on software development.

An open-source, cross-platform web server is called XAMPP. To test

clients or websites before publishing them to a remote web server, XAMPP is

just a local host or server. MYSQL, PHP, Apache, and Perl projects can be

tested in a suitable environment using the XAMPP server software on a local

PC. The relational database management system MySQL is built on the SQL

(Structured Query Language) language. Data warehousing, e-commerce, and

logging applications are just a few of the many uses for the application. MySQL,

however, is most frequently utilized as an online database. Connections to

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 35

practically any kind of database are possible with PHP. The most popular option

is MySQL, partly because it is cost-effective, functional, and well-liked by

developers. MySQL, MS-SQL, SQLite, PostgreSQL, and more reliable solutions

for database management systems that work with PHP are also available. The

most popular web server program, Apache, is utilized by a large number of

websites worldwide. Apache is open-source software that can be downloaded

for free. It was created and is maintained by the Apache Software Foundation.

It is quick, trustworthy, and secure. A general-purpose programming language

called Perl was initially created for text manipulation and is now used for many

different things like system administration, web development, network

programming, GUI creation, and more. The high-level, interpreted programming

language Perl was initially created for text manipulation. It is used for system

administration, networking, and other applications that include user interfaces

and takes many features from C and Shell scripts.

The first phase of the RAD model is Requirement Planning & Analysis

which includes the analysis of the problem to determine the needs of

examinees. The researcher analyzed certification examination content to select

the core courses of the IT certification program that will be incorporated to the

application. The target user is identified as well as the instructional problems,

context, and review materials to determine the intended learning objectives. In

this study, the respondents are the Information Technology students at Far
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 36

Eastern University - Institute of Technology who took certification during the 1st

Term to 3rd Term academic year 2021-2022. The respondents are classified

into three, IT students, IT practitioners, and IT Professors.

Prototype Cycle (Build, Demonstrate, Refine) is the second phase of the

RAD model. The creation of the prototype cycle came after the analysis stage

was finished and was based on the analysis results. It is the parts in which the

certification review-based was about to be developed. The bugs and strains

have all been resolved. The client (user) tests the prototype that the developer

has created, and the two then work together to determine what worked and what

didn't.

Design and testing are the processes of checking designs in terms of

requirements and content. Users' profiles, information, questions or examination

results, reviewers, attempts, and scores could all be shown using the

Certification Reviewer System. Additionally, the statistical visualization may

provide graphs showing how many times a question was correctly answered

and how many times it was incorrectly answered. The system is implemented

using the Code Igniter Framework and the PHP programming language. The

administrator's interface and the interface for system users are the two divisions

of the system interface.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 37

Implementation and Evaluation is the last stage in which the researcher

will evaluate the effect of a certification reviewer-based system on the

assessment performance of students in terms of results. Developers handle the

technical debt accumulated during early prototyping in the final stage of rapid

application development, optimizing implementation to increase stability and

maintainability as they prepare the product for launch. Components are

transferred to a real-world production setting where extensive testing is done to

find product flaws. Development teams transfer components to a real-world

production setting during the implementation phase so that any necessary

extensive testing or training can be conducted. Before confidently providing the

client with a finished product, teams develop extensive documentation and do

other necessary maintenance chores.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 38

Requirement
s Planning Prototyping Design & Implementation
Testing and Evaluation
and Analysis

• Analyze the • A wide and thorough • Researcher present • The stage of

problems in system design their system to exam implementation just
reviewing for a overview employing facilitator and before a finished
certification database table design students-respondents product is released.
examination and user with the intention of
interface/user gathering feedback. • Students, IT
• Conduct an experience display professionals and
interview with design. • Once the researcher professors were given
certification exam has enough access to the system
facilitator about • Researcher produce a comments on the based on certification
issues on review variety of prototypes product's reviewed by the
with diverse functionality, design, researcher.
• Gather functionality and and other aspects,
information features. they return to • It comprises user
concerning review prototyping and base training in addition to
on IT certifications • The exam facilitator their work on the data conversion,
reviews the comments. testing, and switchover
prototypes and to the new system.
selects the ones they • If every comment is
like and discard the favorable, the • Every potential flaw is
rest. researcher can go on examined. While the
to "Implementation coders and customers
• Only the most and Evaluation." continue to scan the
important aspects of system for problems, all
the product are final adjustments are
presented by the done.
researcher; the final
stage, when the client
and developer have
achieved an
agreement, is when a
finished product is
produced.
Figure 2. The Conceptual Framework Paradigm

In terms of the development aspect, the researcher will use the RAD

model (Rapid Application Model). To simulate the software development

process, the researcher will use the RAD model. The RAD model is an
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 39

incremental software development model approach where the project can be

started even if the full requirements are not yet defined. In this approach,

multiple builds of prototypes are being developed until such that all functional

requirements specifications are met and considered. The development model

produces multiple numbers of prototype versions as the researcher identifies

incremental requirements. It is also the best model to choose when there are

going to be changes made to the prototype throughout the process before the

final product is completed.

Rapid Application Development (RAD) is a development model that

prioritizes rapid prototyping and quick feedback over long-drawn-out

development and testing cycles. With rapid application development,

developers can make multiple iterations and updates to software quickly without

starting from scratch each time. This helps ensure that the final outcome is more

quality-focused and is in alignment with the end-user’s requirements.

Requirement Planning, Prototype Cycle, Construction & Testing, and

Implementation/Evaluation are the four primary phases of the RAD model.

There are three cycle phases in the prototyping process: build, demonstrate,

and refine. The entire project is divided into various series/versions that will be

produced progressively through iterative development.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 40

The creation of the system's early version is essential in this strategy.

Users can offer suggestions for system improvement once it has been

implemented. In order for the development team to design systems with full

functional capabilities in only a short period of time, around 60 to 90 days, it is

necessary for this approach to have a clear understanding of the project's

scope.

Statement of the Problem

The goal of this study is the Development and Evaluation of a Certification

Reviewer-Based System Using a Technology Acceptance Model. Specifically,

the study shall address the following research questions:

1. What is the level of acceptability of the Certification Reviewer-Based System

on the technology acceptance model's constructs in terms of:

a. Perceived usefulness (PU)

b. Perceived ease of use (PEOU)

c. Attitude toward using (ATU)

2. Is there a significant difference in the degree of acceptability for the

certification reviewer by the profile of respondents in terms of:

a. Perceived usefulness (PU)

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 41

b. Perceived ease of use (PEOU)

c. Attitude toward using (ATU)

3. How do the respondents assess the perceived usefulness, perceived ease

of use, and attitude toward using the Certification Reviewer-Based System?

4. Is there significant differences in the assessment of respondents’ perceived

usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitudes toward the usage of the

Certification Reviewer-Based System?

5. What are the challenges, issues, and recommendations suggested by the

respondent?

Hypothesis

The following hypotheses will be drawn based on the problems presented:

1. There is no significant difference in the degree of acceptability for the

certification reviewer by the profile of respondents in terms of:

• perceived usefulness

• perceived ease of use

• attitude toward using

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 42

2. There is no significant relationship between the degree of acceptability and

improvement of the System

3. There is no significant differences in the assessment of respondents’

perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitudes toward the usage

of the Certification Reviewer-Based System

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The study will focus on the development and evaluation of a reviewer-

based System to be used by those who will undergo certification examination,

to use a Technology Acceptance Model to assess the acceptability in terms of

Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Attitude

Toward Using (ATU)

The study is limited to all who took certification at FEU-IT during the 1st

Term to 3rd Term academic year 2021-2022. Additionally, given the

researchers' backgrounds, the research will focus on the necessary

competence (CCNA, CompTIA, MTA, AWS, and ITS) to ensure the

implementation's dependability and reliability.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 43

Significance of the Study

Certification reflects the academic institution's commitment to quality in its

programs. Additionally, it involves the payment of specific fees, which are the

students' responsibility. It is critical to provide students with suitable academic

interventions to help them pass certification exams that evaluate their

knowledge earned in specific courses.

The researcher aims to create a system based on a certification reviewer

that will prepare and assess students' knowledge in preparation for any linked

computer certification. The platform enables the creation of a series of questions

that aid students in determining their grasp of specific topics covered in a

particular certification exam. This identifies areas in which further support is

needed to improve students' academic achievement, as indicated by

certification results.

Reviewee. The System can significantly help the reviewee because it provides

them an easier way to review, particularly the certification examinations.

IT practitioners. These people are the ones that mainly focus on attaining

certifications for promotions and career growth. Considering their busy

schedule, the System will significantly help these users because it will ease

reviewing their certification exams.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 44

IT Company. Studies have shown that personnel with a professional

certification are more productive. Certificates better prepare workers to deal with

day-to-day tasks and get the most out of new technologies. Certified employees

often work more effectively than uncertified colleagues, and their authority can

help improve the productivity of team projects.

The future researchers. This study can help with the research endeavors of

technology students, particularly those who plan to do something similar.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were operationally defined as used in this study:

Acceptability is determined as the property of being satisfactory and capable

of being agreed upon or recognized.

Adobe Software includes any programs (including mobile programs), Sample

Files and Content Files, scripts, instruction manuals, and related documentation

that we include as a part of the Adobe Services.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is an Amazon company that offers metered pay-

as-you-go cloud computing platforms and APIs to consumers, businesses, and

governments. These web services for cloud computing include a variety of basic

abstract technical infrastructure and distributed computing building blocks and

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 45

utilities. These certifications are intended for new employees or supervisors who

aren't particularly interested in technical work but would like to know cloud

concepts.

Analytics is the process of identifying, analyzing, and expressing important

data trends. Simply said, analytics enables us to recognize insights and valuable

data that we may not otherwise notice. Business analytics is focused on

leveraging data insights to make better decisions that will aid firms in boosting

sales, cutting expenses, and improving other aspects of their operations.

Apache is a freely available Web server that is distributed under an "open

source" license. The majority of UNIX-based operating systems, including

Linux, Solaris, Digital UNIX, and AIX, as well as other UNIX/POSIX-derived

platforms, including Rhapsody, BeOS, and BS2000/OSD, as well as Windows

2000, support version 2.0.

Assessment is the systematic gathering, review, and use of educational

programs to improve student learning and development.

Attitude toward using (ATU) refers to the user's perspective on a certain

information system application (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). According to

Agarwal and Prasad (1998), Attitude is a person's affective reaction to new

technology.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 46

Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) is one of Cisco's most sought-

after entry-level IT credentials. The CCNA exam assesses a network

professional's knowledge and abilities to install, configure, and troubleshoot

medium-sized networks.

Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) is the world's

premier source of vendor-neutral IT certifications. CompTIA is dedicated to

helping IT professionals lead the charge in our digitally connected world, with

over 2 million IT certifications given worldwide.

Database is an organized collection of information. They enable the

manipulation and storage of data electronically. Data administration is made

simple by databases. Let's utilize a database example: An online phone

bookstores user information such as names, phone numbers, and other contact

information in a database.

IT certification is a credential that shows a professional's proficiency in a

particular technology area. Certificates are frequently obtained after some form

of evaluation, training, or review. One distinction with IT certifications is that they

are often vendor specific.

IT practitioners are also known as IT Experts or IT professionals. They are the

individuals who design, develop, construct, install, maintain, or repair the

hardware and software related to sophisticated computer systems at one or

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 47

more sites. To maintain their diverse networks of computer systems, some

businesses will engage several IT specialists from across the world.

Information Technology Specialist (ITS) program allows students to certify

entry-level IT abilities that businesses are looking for. The IT Specialist program

is designed for people who are thinking about or starting a career in information

technology. Students can get certifications in software development, database

administration, networking and security, mobility and device management, and

coding.

MySQL is an open-source database management system. MySQL stores

information in tables made up of rows and columns, just as other relational

databases. Structured Query Language, or SQL as it is more frequently known,

allows users to define, modify, control, and query data.

Microsoft Technological Associate (MTA) certification is the name of a set of

entry-level Microsoft certifications that demonstrate basic technology skills in

people who acquire them. According to Microsoft, earning the certificate(s) gives

the core knowledge required to launch a career in technology. The certification

course includes a variety of study materials and tests. One MTA credit is

awarded for passing one of the tests.

Online learning is a type of education where students learn in a completely

virtual setting. Online learning (also known as e-learning) was first introduced in
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 48

the 1990s with the creation of the internet and was used in distance learning. It

allows students from all over the world to connect with academic institutions and

other students online and learn at their own pace while working toward a degree

or certificate.

Perceived ease of use (PEOU) refers to how a person believes utilizing a

specific technology would be easy. The extent to which a person believes that

using a particular information technology system would be manageable. It refers

to the idea that if a student feels the platform can be utilized simply, it will be

helpful and valuable to them.

Perceived usefulness (PU), according to Davis (1986), is the subjective

perspective of users who believe that employing specific technologies will

increase their work performance. It can also influence students' willingness to

adopt a new platform and, as a result, online learning acceptability.

PHP is a popular open-source general-purpose scripting language that is

especially well suited for web development and can be integrated into HTML.

PHP is also known as PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.

Practice Exam is a non-graded version of your certifications assessment. The

practice exam follows the same format as the "real" exam; thus, if your practice

exam has 50 multiple-choice questions and five simulation quizzes, your "real"
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 49

exam will as well. The mock exam has the same appearance and feels like the

actual exam, so it's a fantastic method to get used to the test-taking process.

Semantic Web, also known as Web 3.0, is an expansion of the World Wide

Web-based on standards established by the World Wide Web Consortium

(W3C). Making Internet data machine-readable is the aim of the Semantic Web.

Visual Studio Code is a lightweight but powerful source code editor that runs

on Windows, macOS, and Linux. It contains support for JavaScript, TypeScript,

and [Link] built-in, as well as a robust ecosystem of extensions for additional

languages and runtimes (including C++, C#, Java, Python, PHP, Go, [Link]).

Web Browser is application software that offers a method to see and engage

with all of the content on the World Wide Web. Web pages, movies, and photos

are included in this. Prior to the invention of the Web, the term "browser" was

used to refer generally to user interfaces that enable you to explore (navigate

through and read) text files online. Web browsers are widely used today to

access the internet and are virtually considered a requirement for how many

people go about their everyday lives.

XAMPP is made up of the letters X for Cross-Platform, A for Apache, M for

MySQL, and Ps for PHP and Perl, respectively. It is an open-source collection

of online solutions that contains the Apache server, MariaDB, PHP, and Perl

modules along with command-line executables for a variety of servers.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 50

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter is about studies and literature related to the online System

that the proponent made use of different reading materials such as thesis,

articles, and other web articles that will help extend the knowledge of the

proponents. These reading materials will also assist the proponent in improving

and developing their proposed System.

Online Learning Platform

According to Ballad, the Sultanate of Oman acted quickly to stop the virus

from spreading by enacting national quarantine and lockdown procedures.

Schools at all levels have been physically closed and converted to emergency

remote instruction from March 15, 2020. (ERT). ERT is essentially a quick fix

for a crisis scenario, consisting of an urgent, albeit temporary, solution to give

remote methods of imparting instruction until the emergency passes.

Administrators and educators across the country shifted to the online platform,

implementing videoconferencing, video recording of lectures, and synchronous

and asynchronous online conversations in response to the transition's urgency.

Alternative clinical and laboratory experience tactics were adopted, such as

posting clinical case scenarios for in-depth debate and uploading online films
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 51

covering nursing processes. Prior to the epidemic, however, nursing schools

across the country depended heavily on traditional face-to-face education.

Students being thrown into a completely online education has been a one-of-a-

kind and amazing response to an unexpected scenario. The structures,

contexts, criteria, preparations, and demands of traditional and online education

platforms are vastly different. Furthermore, success in online learning

necessitates a high level of self-direction and drive on the part of students.

Adult learning is the foundation of self-directed learning (SDL). Student-

centered learning, self-instruction, self-teaching, prescriptive learning, and

individualized learning are some of the terms used in the literature to describe

this educational method. Learning styles (LS) represent an individual learner's

preferred set of cognitive and behavioral feedback regarding a learning task.

LS influence learners' motivation and attitude to learn and may affect their

academic performance.

The study of Ventayen (2017) focus on electronic learning is a technology

learning that plays an important role in modern education and training. Despite

the fact that Pangasinan State University is one of the Philippines' state

universities with an Open University System, there is no pure online education

provided by the institution.

Because the OUS is located on the Lingayen Campus, the researchers

are able to examine the Open University's teaching methods and come up with
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 52

ideas for future technologies and collaboration. The pioneer university employs

Moodle as a distant eLearning platform, according to the UP Open University's

benchmarking. While Pangasinan State University does not have a budget for

Moodle deployment due to a lack of funding in the Annual Procurement Plan,

Google's GSuite eLearning platform will be an alternative. The university has

been awarded the GSuite for Education plan, which is a set of free productivity

tools that allows students and teachers to collaborate effortlessly and securely

across devices.

Reviewer

The examination is used to identify a person's capabilities and limitations.

IT professionals with certificates on their CV are more likely to get employed,

make higher wages, advance in their professions, and have more prospects for

new positions in the rapidly expanding Information Technology (IT) industry.

The demand for new applications that can support teaching and learning on

mobile platforms has increased as mobile devices have become more crucial.

Mobile learning has a big impact on education in the twenty-first century. The

incorporation of cutting-edge developing technologies in study materials has

proven beneficial, especially for test takers. Therefore, the researchers were

highly motivated to create a PhilNITS reviewer for mobile devices. The creation

of this application can aid students in broadening their knowledge and

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 53

determining their exam preparation. The research design for the study was

used as the development approach. The created mobile application is

accessible offline and has a user-friendly interface. ISO/IEC 25010:2011's

Quality in the Use Model was used to create the five evaluation criteria.

According to the findings, the Phil NITS reviewer for mobile devices can be used

and performs as predicted in terms of functionality, performance efficiency,

usability, maintainability, and portability. With a focus on mobile development,

this application will broaden knowledge and assess individual abilities in the

field of information technology. The researcher suggests that future studies

integrate a top score module with numerous levels to evaluate and enhance the

user's comprehension of various Information Technology terminology to make

further improvements. (Pahuriray, A. V., & Algara, R. O., 2021)

To determine if the students are prepared to take the board exam, a mock

board exam is required. But getting ready for the test is not simple. Given that

the College has a small staff, it takes too long to announce the results. To make

preparation and checking simple, the proponents created the Dynamic Local

Area Network (LAN) Based Mock Board Examination System. The computer-

based exam, administered through LAN, can make it easier for staff to

administer the MinSCAT mock board exam. If used, the "Dynamic LAN Based

Mock Board Examination System" will be of considerable assistance to

MinSCAT and its board program graduates. The system has undiscovered
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 54

flaws that were only discovered during practical use. Therefore, more testing,

such as beta testing, is required to find it and fix it for better performance.

Research Implications: The technology created can facilitate studying for this

important exam and enhance the mock board examination procedure.

Additionally, it delivers a result right away that aids the test-takers in identifying

their areas of weakness and conducting additional studies to strengthen them.

(Sancho, C. A. M., & Melendres, U. M., 2020.)

In any financial circumstance, accounting is essential for controlling and

recording transactions between people and businesses. Although there are

many people who are interested, the passing rate is still low. In order to increase

the effectiveness of reviewing by promoting active learning, this study proposes

gamification with game-based learning characteristics. In order to enhance

accounting education by obtaining the flow state, this study intends to develop

a gamified reviewer using the Effective Learning Environment, Flow

Experience, and Motivation (EFM) paradigm for accountants. Using the

SCRUM approach, the applicability of the EFM model by developing a gamified

reviewer for accounting education was investigated. Additionally, a survey

using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was carried out among the

university's accounting students. (Gayao, K. D., Aben, J. P. D., Remiendo, J.

Y., & Palaoag, T. D. 2021, December)

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 55

Certification

In 2016, Klochkov, Odinokov, and Klochkova mentioned that certifying

bodies are in such fierce competition these days, it appears that it is vital to

consider certification not just as a cost-cutting measure, but also as a value-

adding measure. The only way to do so is to rely on the expertise of certification

professionals. Given the limited time available for field certification, it is

preferable to establish adequate audit criteria and concentrate specialists'

efforts on the most critical and problematic production regions. This is also of

particular significance to producer groups since, while most rivals are certified,

customer satisfaction and risk levels differ from one company to the next.

According to Fonseca et al (2017), more than 1 million enterprises

worldwide have their quality management systems certified thanks to the

application and certification of management systems international standards

like ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. This topic has received a lot of research interest,

and the number of articles published has significantly increased. Although the

research findings generally confirm the existence of favorable effects on the

adoption and certification of these International Standards, there are a number

of contradictions and discrepancies that have led to some debate concerning

the effects on organizations.

As stated by Turek, M. et al (2015), IT industry professionals, educators,

universities, and of the course students place a high value on IT architecture

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 56

abilities and skills. In this essay, IT architect certification programs are

examined since they must be in line with market demands. There are several

complex certification programs for IT architects available on the market today.

This paper outlines a novel, rapid way for assessing IT architect qualifications

that makes use of custom data collection techniques. The approach focuses on

non-domain certification elements and introduces metrics that allow for program

comparisons. The most significant domain-independent characteristics of

certificate programs for IT architects available to employees today have been

thoroughly researched.

Kusumawardhani (2016) said that the impact of a certification program

that is accompanied by a pay raise for in-service teachers is unclear. There are

a lot of opposing consequences that could occur. On the plus side, higher

teacher compensation is anticipated to promote student learning by affecting

teachers' effort, as stated by the efficiency wage hypothesis, and boosting

teacher retention.

Furthermore, because certified teachers must have at least a bachelor's

degree and must pass the overall certification procedure, which indicates a

higher level of human capital, pupils exposed to certified teachers may attain

higher levels of success. Furthermore, given Indonesian teachers' traditionally

poor salaries, a decent fixed pay may enable them to achieve better results,

partly because improved living conditions may drive teachers to do a better job
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 57

and somewhat because teachers may focus more on their students. Based on

the related literature above, there are questions about the existing preparation

for different certification programs in Information Technology and the field of

education. In addition, the proposed title will answer the issue of perceived

usefulness and ease of use in deploying a new System.

Although there is a sizable and quickly expanding market for trained

cybersecurity experts, creating a framework for cybersecurity certification faces

significant obstacles. To do this, a thorough analysis of the cybersecurity

certifications currently available on the market from 9 significant issuing

companies is performed. In addition, the definition of a cybersecurity

certification framework is reviewed, along with the frameworks of ENISA, NIST,

and ISO/IEC 17024 and the current Cyber Security Act. Given is a thorough

comparison of the available cybersecurity certifications, considering both the

minimum degree of candidate expertise and the cybersecurity domains

covered. In addition, a suggested certification program has been examined

considering the learning routes and subject areas outlined in FORESIGHT.

Davri, E. C., Darra, E., Monogioudis, I., Grigoriadis, A., Iliou, C., Mengidis, N.,

& Farah, M. A. B. (2021, July)

Competing in today's competitive market requires the ability to analyze

data. Information competence must include the capacity to comprehend, use,

alter, and manipulate data in order to make business decisions. The usage of
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 58

certificates in course offerings is one technique to make sure that students are

well-prepared in terms of their technology literacy. This article describes the

procedure for giving students in our computer information systems program the

Microsoft Office Specialist Excel Core Certification Exam. We talk about the

pedagogical adjustments we had to make, how we incorporated the certificate

program into our curriculum, and the technology we employed. We also

evaluate our results, failures, and accomplishments. (Bakir, N., Dana, K., &

Abdullat, A. ,2019)

The number of professional certifications students in the vocational

education system possess is one of the many indicators used by the Ministry of

Education to evaluate learning performance and competencies in Taiwan. This

indicator is also crucial for vocational students to obtain suitable job

opportunities and to improve their working competitiveness. Therefore, it is

impossible to overstate the value of earning professional qualifications. Their

ability to find work is directly correlated with the number of certificates they have

earned. In this study, we suggest a recommendation system-based fix. The

suggested solution is concentrated on correcting and assessing the learning

status of MTA courses with the aim of improving students' pass rates for MTA

certifications. It combines two-phase Blue-Red trees of the Rule-Space Model

and the optimum learning path. Phase one continues with the identification of

three SGs (Skill Groups), which can be used to create both idea maps and Blue-
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 59

Red trees, based on information about the courses provided by the Certiport of

Microsoft certification center. In phase two, we divided the ten chapters of the

MTA course into the three SGs that were identified in phase one based on the

parallels between the two sets of material. (Chen, Y. H., Tseng, C. H., Huang,

C. L., Deng, L. Y., & Lee, W. C., 2017).

Due to the ongoing shift in their function in society, schools, and

particularly universities, are today facing significant challenges. From the

standpoint of education, the internet and online technologies have led to the

development of massive open online courses (MOOCS) and given students the

option of choosing between online, distant learning, and mixed modes of

instruction. The underpinnings of traditional schools are being upended

because they must now compete with public and private online services that

put in-person classroom instruction in jeopardy. Similar to professional

accreditations, which go beyond standard education, credentials like the

Microsoft Certification are significant. A privileged social stratum no longer has

exclusive access to higher education. More students are able to access higher

education and professional training thanks to online platforms. (Secundo, G.,

Lombardi, R., & Dumay, J. , 2018)

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 60

Technology Acceptance Model

Chuttur emphasized that the User acceptance of technology has been a

critical field of study for over two decades. Although numerous models have

been proposed to clarify and foresee the utilization of a framework, the

Technology Acceptance Model has been the one that has captured the most

consideration of the Information Systems community. In this way, it is essential

for anybody willing to consider user acceptance of technology to understand

the Technology Acceptance Model. This gives a chronicled diagram of the

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by summarizing the advancement of

TAM, its critical applications, expansions, impediments, and reactions from a

separate list of distributed articles on the show. Current perceptions indicate

that although TAM could be a profoundly cited demonstration, researchers

share blended conclusions concerning its hypothetical presumptions and down-

to-earth adequacy. It is concluded that research in TAM needs adequate

meticulousness and significance that would make it a well-set-up theory for the

IS community.

Chukwuere, Ntseme & Shaikh (2021) cited that TAM was created to

describe how people use computers. TAM was created with the goal of

identifying factors that influence technology adoption and user behavior in

various demographics of technology users. Users' perceptions of the potential

of new technology platforms to progress their activities are centered on

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 61

perceived utility, whereas perceived ease of use refers to the amount to which

potential users expect systems to be user-friendly and simple to use. The

perceived utility is said to be a determining element of technology usefulness,

whereas perceived ease of use indicates how easy and user-friendly

technology is.

Ibrahim, R., et al (2017) cited that E-learning is widely accepted as a

required method of teaching and learning in higher education. Despite its

relevance and popularity, there are still a number of problems with its use and

efficiency. Low e-learning utilization among students and even academic staff

is a challenge for universities. This study uses a modified TAM model to

examine students' acceptance of e-learning in higher education. Its six

dimensions include qualities of the teacher, computer self-efficacy, course

design, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use. At

Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC), Johor, 95 undergraduate

students participated in the data collection. To assess the data, structural

equation modeling (SEM) was employed. According to the findings, computer

self-efficacy has a substantial impact on usability, whereas perceived usability

has a big impact on one's propensity to use online learning.

Park cited in 2020, that the use of information technology is becoming

more widespread in the building industry. However, the construction industry's

use of information technology does not meet the needs and characteristics of
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 62

information technology consumers. This reality is unquestionably accepted by

the government and client needs, posing a barrier to the widespread adoption

of information technology in the construction industry. To improve the use of

information technology in the construction industry, this study uses Davis'

technology acceptance model to investigate the variables of information

technology acceptance based on the characteristics of users who use

information technology in the construction field. As a consequence of the

research, we discovered that if consumers view IT in the construction business

to be simple to use, they are more likely to have a spontaneous attitude and

behavioral intention. Furthermore, acceptance type, educational satisfaction,

usage delight, and user experience all influence perceived usefulness, and

educational satisfaction and usage enjoyment both influence perceived ease of

use.

According to Arbaugh (2014), although new frameworks for effective

online business education are emerging, multi-discipline studies have

depended on established frameworks in business research. The technology

acceptance model is one such widely used framework (TAM). The TAM has

been employed as a grounding framework in several multidisciplinary research,

either in its original form (Davis, 1989) or extended state (Venkatesh and Davis,

2000). Although the model had limited predictive power for novice online

learners and early course management systems (Arbaugh, 2000c; Arbaugh

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 63

and Duray, 2002), the research suggests that the TAM has emerged as a useful

framework for explaining course management system usage and satisfaction

with the internet as an educational delivery medium (Arbaugh, 2000c; Arbaugh,

2000c; Arbaugh and Duray, 2002).

Nyoro et al (2020) believe that TAM is the most frequently referenced

paradigm in e-commerce adoption, hence it has been thoroughly examined.

They were interested in TAM's progress, limitations, and future guidelines.

Because of the abundance of recent empirical evidence, TAM looks to be the

most widely accepted among e-commerce adoption academics among the

extant adoption theories. TAM has shown to be an important theoretical

paradigm for understanding and explaining e-commerce adoption use,

behavior, and attitude. It has been tested in several empirical studies and found

to be of reasonable quality and to produce statistically reliable results when

compared to other research tools. Understanding the essence of TAM can help

scholars improve the model and developers plan a variety of human interaction

interfaces for a variety of online clients, resulting in increased e-commerce

adoption.

Habidin N. et al. stated in 2020, its predictive effectiveness, the

Technology Acceptance Model is still used by contemporary technology

adoption researchers with several expanded parameters. However, there are

still a lot of untapped possibilities for improving its predictive validity. This
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 64

document outlines the TAM development so that the alterations and extensions

of the factor are evident. Future researchers should be able to prepare

themselves with various supports for any extension, development, modification,

or use of TAM that could contribute to any future directions in a technology

adoption study, it is advised.

The importance of effect has been largely overlooked by researchers in

general due to conflicting findings and uneven terminologies used in research

that includes affecting moods, emotions, and feelings. However, recent

research has discovered that incorporating affective factors into models can

better describe attitude and behavior. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research

that explores the significance of the effect from knowledge workers' perceptions

of KS tool characteristics in terms of features and functions to create positive or

negative affective (PA and NA) states. This study uses PA and NA on perceived

ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), and behavioral intention to

utilize KS tools to extend the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) confirmed

by Hoong, et al in 2017.

According to Debajyoti (2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the

physical closure of all types of educational institutes around the world, resulting

in a shift in education delivery to an “online-only" exclusivity model. In this

regard, the perceived usability of the present online learning platforms is critical,

especially given the lack of any real classes. Microsoft Teams is utilized as the
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 65

reference platform in this study to assess perceived usability. The System

Usability Scale (SUS), which is a Human Computer Interaction (HCI) based

technique, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which is an

Information Systems (IS) based approach, are used to evaluate the System.

Despite the fact that both of these instruments are well-known in their respective

fields, they have never been considered together in a single work for the aim of

usability testing. This effort aims to simplify and unify the usability evaluation

process in this way. The findings of a large-scale survey of university students

demonstrate that the two techniques are similar and equivalent, with TAM's

Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) construct having the most in common with SUS.

Furthermore, this research analyzes the digital divide (mobile vs. web

environment), which is widespread in developing nations such as India, and

whether it has an impact on perceived usability. The consumption platform has

little effect on usability, according to the findings.

According to Alfadda's research, the technology acceptance model (TAM)

is used to acquire insights into user reactions to language learning

technologies. The goal of the study is to investigate the relationship between

TAM factors and the use of Zoom in language learning, as well as how gender

and experience influence technology use. This study included 75

undergraduate English-as-a-Foreign-Language students who completed their

coursework online during the COVID-19 epidemic. The study's findings

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 66

demonstrate a high positive association between students' views and

behavioral intentions and their actual use of Zoom. Furthermore, computer self-

efficacy and other variables have a favorable relationship (i.e. PU, actual use,

PEU, attitude and behavioral intention). Furthermore, while the results show

that there is no link between gender and any of the model's variables,

experience has been found to be positively correlated with TAM factors.

According to Lazim (2021), more research into students' perspectives and

acceptance of online learning is needed, especially when institutions and

students are unprepared for such a drastic change in such a short amount of

time due to the Covid19 epidemic. As a result, the goal of this study is to apply

the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to discover the characteristics that

influence online learning. The TAM includes two crucial factors: perceived ease

of use and perceived utility. The goal of this study is to look at the relationship

between the independent variables and the mediating variable, which is the

attitude toward accepting online learning behavior as a dependent variable.

Furthermore, this research may inspire students to engage in online learning

on a constant basis, free of any hurdles such as internet issues. It also aims to

motivate the university to improve the online learning method and platform.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 67

Rapid Application Development Model

Rapid Application Development (RAD), a collection of techniques, was

created to address the shortcomings of traditional system development

techniques like their variations. In comparison to conventional software

engineering methodologies, it is a technique utilized in fast application

development cycles and also offers excellent software quality. Organizations

may lower the cost of software development and maintenance by using a rapid

application development approach. In the nineties, James Martin made the first

introduction to it. James Martin stated that the RAD model is a more flexible

and adaptive application development model for changing user demands and

assures quick-created system quality at low expense. Concentrating on the

software development process, which consists of the development, testing, and

feedback highlights the quick planning process in its implementation.

According to Heiniemi (2018), RAD is a methodology that does not devote

much time to initial planning and instead completes the project through

prototyping. The continual iteration between the user design phase and the

rapid building phase is the most important element of RAD. In reality, this

means that the system's design is developed and tested until it fits all of the

requirements. To analyze present processes and their workflow, RAD employs

Business Process Modelling (BPM). BPM can assist in not only describing the

new system but also identifying faults and concerns. Because RAD modeling
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 68

encourages thorough and descriptive documentation, it's critical that the

organization assesses all of the diagrams, designs, models, and plans created

thus far in order to apply them in the implementation.

As per Ramos, Ganesan, and Caytiles (2018), software development

process models have changed throughout the decades, beginning with the

fundamental linear sequential process model. Innovative software development

solutions had been established by that time in order to suit consumer

expectations and the rapidly expanding software market. Early software

development process models are thought to have various flaws that create

delays in software product delivery as well as performance issues. This article

describes how to integrate the MVC framework into the RAD process model to

speed up the delivery of software products and ensure the application's QoS

performance. The RAD process model was chosen because of its modular-

based approach to software development, according to a survey of various

common software development process models. The software system's

components can be built at the same time, and its model components can be

reused. The MVC architectural framework has provided insight into producing

software systems with guaranteed QoS in a timely manner.

According to Nalendra (2021), the internet of things has spread across

numerous industries, including agriculture. Rapid technological adaptation is

also required to respond to the IoT's development. The Rapid Application

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 69

Development (RAD) method can be used to swiftly construct a system. RAD is

a programming approach that allows non-experts to profit from high-

performance computing while allowing professional programmers to fully use

the technology. This allows for quick development, retargeting, and reuse of

existing software, as well as hardware-specific optimization. The Rapid

Application Development (RAD) system stresses the designed rapid

development cycle and high-quality outputs from other methodologies such as

waterfall, agile, scrum, and others. With the help of a soil moisture sensor, the

system was developed utilizing the barebones Node MCU system. When

creating an IoT-based agricultural irrigation system, the RAD technique

produces good results in terms of testing all functionalities and equipment

controls. The RAD approach can be utilized as a reference in the building of an

IoT-based system because the average delay level while testing IoT devices is

around 4.6 seconds.

The Hijri calendar is a calendar that Muslims use as a guide to determine

the major Islamic holidays. It differs from the Gregorian calendar in that

calculations are made based on the movement of the moon, and a prototype

Hijri calendar application was created using the Rapid Application Development

methodology to enable rapid application development without compromising

quality. Experiments are carried out to accomplish the major Islamic holiday in
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 70

2017, 2018, and 2019, with great and precise outcomes. (Qodim, H., & Rahim,

R. ,2019, November)

In the contemporary day, where technology is always changing, it is

crucial to assess new technological tools and methodologies in order to

determine their likelihood of being adopted. Rapid Application Development

(RAD) has advanced significantly over time, yet university students have not

responded particularly well to it (University Program - Free Application

Development Software Resources, n.d.). According to several research,

whether new tools and applications are accepted or rejected depends on how

usable people perceive them to be. Running usability research on a particular

RAD tool and autoethnographic documentation of a specific development

experience with that tool, then, has the potential to persuade university teachers

and staff to consider using or teaching it. (Agrawal, S. , 2019)

The ability to read the Al Quran is a crucial foundational skill, especially

for young children, since it builds a deeper love for the Qur'an and more faith in

Allah Subhanahu Wata'ala. The learning model used now is still quite

traditional. The rote method, which involves reading the book and listening to

the teacher read it, is still used to learn the Yanbu'a book in general. It is simple

to bo-san since the effects of that kind of learning make the child less eager to

learn. In light of these issues, it is essential to create mobile applications that

can make it simpler and more enjoyable for kids to read the Yanbu'a book. The
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 71

creation of the Yanbu'a learning methodology for Android using the Rapid

Application Development Method and the Construct 2 program. (Tamrin, T., &

Ma’arif, S. , 2020).

Computer hardware, software, and application packages that are utilized

as a tool to process data and deliver thorough, precise, and effective

information are all developing very quickly. In the field of education, it is crucial

to plan, develop, and put into use an information system for the data collection

of teaching and learning schedules because it makes it easier to process data,

find relevant data, and make decisions based on that data. Raksana Medan

Private High School still employs a manual scheduling system, which causes

scheduling issues. Because of this, the SMA Raksana in Medan can benefit

from an information system scheduling teaching and learning with the Rapid

Application Development approach (RAD to boost efficacy and appropriately

implement scheduling activities. (Sagala, J. R. ,2018).

One biometric technique that can be applied in the sphere of education is

the fingerprint. The leaders will be able to simply track the lecturer's attendance

and make judgments thanks to an attendance monitoring system that uses

fingerprints. Students can easily identify the lecturer in the classroom fast and

correctly by using fingerprint attendance. When each lecturer scans their

fingerprint, the system attempts to provide information on the lecturer's status

as well as their entry or exit from the classroom. This study comprises the
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 72

lecturer who has a teaching schedule for the current semester and uses the

rapid application development (RAD) method to construct an attendance

system. The professor had to enter their fingerprint into the fingerprint scanner

to test the system. (Putra, D. S., & Fauzijah, A. ,2018)

Indonesian cities have a variety of dispersed industrial clusters with

industries that can support the country's current economic pace. The city

administration still uses the census, which takes a lot of time and money, for

gathering industrial data. Due to a lack of industry information, the public is

unaware of many industries; as a result, the market share is not ideal.

Additionally, there are few opportunities to find investors for business

expansion. A computer system that can record, save, write, analyze, and

display geographic data is known as a Geographic Information System (GIS).

GIS was created on a website platform using the Rapid Application

Development (RAD) methodology to inform a larger community about industry

profiles, types of production, investment values, industry maps, and industrial

sites in each town and sub-district. Because it might speed up the creation of

websites, the RAD technique was chosen over the waterfall method. (Sasmito,

G. W., Wibowo, D. S., & Dairoh, D. , 2020).

In this study, the researcher emphasized the importance of online learning

especially at the time of a pandemic. Different schools and universities had

opted for an alternative mode of learning. Many LMS (Learning Management

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 73

systems) had been utilized to reach learners with brilliant and encouraging

educators.

In the field of education, the examination is a tool to check the learning of

every student. In every assessment, we are going to take reviewer is a big help

for us to successfully passed the exam. It is a simulation tool that will familiarize

us with the real certification examination we are going to take. Certification is

a way to show competency in the field of Information Technology. Professional

certificates such as computing certifications, which have a significant impact on

employment decisions in IT positions, are employed by most industries that

make recruiting decisions. Higher education institutions are currently looking

toward adding certification to the curriculum.

Integrating technology into education is a must since it will be a good tool

for imparting knowledge to our learners. The Technology Acceptance Model

has received the most attention from the information systems community, even

though several models have been suggested to explain and anticipate the use

of a framework. TAM was developed with the intention of discovering the

variables that affect technology adoption and user behavior across diverse

technology user groups. The researcher utilized TAM as a model in this

research evaluating the certification reviewer-based system.

During the development of the system, RAD (Rapid Application

Development) has been used to allow for the quick creation of applications
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 74

without sacrificing quality. A system can be quickly built using the RAD

approach. With the help of the RAD programming style, even novice

programmers can benefit from high-performance computing while still being

able to make the most of the technology. This enables rapid program

development, retargeting, reuse, and optimization for hardware.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 75

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents a description of the method used by the researcher

in this study. The presentation included the research design, sampling scheme,

description of the participants, instrumentation, validation of the instrument,

data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of data.

Research Method Used

The researcher gathers qualitative data first, followed by quantitative data.

An exploratory sequential mixed methods design seeks to first study a

phenomenon with qualitative data, followed by the collection of quantitative data

to explain relationships discovered in the qualitative data.

The researcher wants to follow up qualitative discoveries with quantitative

analysis, it employs the exploratory-sequence strategy, which is sequential in

nature. The researcher is interested in creating a new tool, taxonomy, or

treatment procedure, this two-phase strategy is especially helpful. The second

step of the study involves testing the instrument or treatment that was

developed using the qualitative (exploratory) results from the previous phase

(quantitative). In general, this approach is helpful to identify significant factors

(Phase 1) for later quantitative analysis when variables are unknown (Phase 2).
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 76

It is a helpful method for establishing and testing a theory, as well as for

updating existing tools and treatment methods.

A systematic strategy from design to development of the System to the

evaluation process, until it meets the criteria, is used in the developmental type

of research system to the evaluation process until it meets the criteria. The

Technology Acceptance Model was supposed to be one form of testing by the

proponents. Quantitative research, which employs statistical, mathematical, or

computational methodologies, will be adapted in this study.

The data gathered will be subjected to various statistical treatments by the

proponent. This form of study is utilized to gain a better knowledge of the users'

initial experiences.

Population Frame and Sampling Scheme

The population of this study consisted of three types of respondents: IT

students, IT Instructors, and IT practitioners. Students enrolled in certification

subjects of Information Technology courses, preferably 3rd Year and 4th Year

level, for School Year 2021-2022 at Far Eastern University - Institute of

Technology will make up the study's population.

Since it entails an iterative process of selecting research projects rather

than starting with a fixed sampling frame, the purposive sampling approach was
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 77

employed to recruit samples. Typically, the selection process includes a set of

criteria based on specific expertise, experience, and abilities relevant to the

research topic (Etikan, Musa, & Alkassim, 2016)

Description of the Participants

FEU-IT certification students from the first to third terms of the school year

2021-2022. Both male and female faculty members from the Information

Technology Department, students, and Information Technology practitioners

comprise the study population. The sample size will include fifteen IT students,

fifteen IT instructors, and fifteen IT practitioners from a population of 45 people.

The researcher used a purposive sampling technique in which the research

participants of this study were randomly selected from IT faculty members, IT

experts, and IT students.

Research Instruments

An instrument is a systematically prepared form or document with a set of

questions deliberately designed to elicit responses from respondents for the

purpose of collecting data or information. A local questionnaire will be created

to measure to determine the level of acceptability of the certification reviewer

system as well as generate replies to the statement of the problem. The

instrument is based on the Technology Acceptance Model criterion which is an

Information System theory in terms of system acceptability.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 78

To determine the level of consistency of responses of the instrument used

in the study, Cronbach's alpha will be used. Identification of the internal

consistency in terms of indicators and responses is important to validate the

constructed items. In Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient normally ranges

between 98 and 0 and the closer the Cronbach's alpha coefficient is to 1.00 the

greater the internal consistency of the items in the scale. Cronbach's alpha is

calculated as follows:

Cronbach’s alpha = rk / [1 + (k – 1) r]

where k is the number of items considered and r is the mean of the inter-

item correlations.

George and Mallery (2003) provide the following table to analyze the value

of Cronbach's alpha:

Table 1
Cronbach's alpha Level of Internal Consistency

Cronbach's alpha Internal Consistency

A > = 0.0 Excellent
0.9 > a > =0.8 Good
0.8 > a >= 0.7 Acceptable
0.7 > a >= 0.6 Questionable
0.6 > a >= 0.5 Poor
0.5 > a Unacceptable
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 79

To determine the level of consistency of responses of the instrument used

in the study, Cronbach’s alpha was used. Identification of the internal

consistency in terms of indicators and responses is important to validate the

items above. In this case, Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient for Internal Consistency

was used. In this study, Cronbach’s alpha is a tool for assessing the experts’

responses. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient normally ranges between 0

and 1. The closer the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is to 1.00 the greater the

internal consistency of the items in the scale. Cronbach’s alpha is calculated as

follows:

Cronbach’s alpha = rk / [1 + (k – 1) r]

where k is the number of items considered and r is the mean of the inter-

item correlations.

George and Mallery (2003) provide the following table to analyze the

value of Cronbach’s alpha:

Table 2
Cronbach’s Reliability value in Terms of Perceived Usefulness

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.872 5

The Cronbach’s alpha value is the level of internal consistency of the

measure. The computed Cronbach’s alpha which is 0.872 commensurate to

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 80

good in terms of a high level of internal consistency and reliability of responses

in the criterion and indicators of Perceived Usefulness.

Table 3
Cronbach’s Reliability value in Terms of Perceived Ease of Use

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.860 5

The Cronbach’s alpha value is the level of internal consistency of the

measure. The computed Cronbach’s alpha which is 0.860 commensurate to

good in terms of a high level of internal consistency and reliability of responses

in the criterion and indicators of Perceived Ease of Use.

Table 4
Cronbach’s Reliability value in Terms of Attitude Towards Using

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha N of Items

.850 20

The Cronbach’s alpha value is the level of internal consistency of the

measure. The computed Cronbach’s alpha which is 0.850 commensurate to

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 81

good in terms of a high level of internal consistency and reliability of responses

in the criterion and indicators of Attitude Towards Using.

Table 5
Seven Point Likert Scale

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation

7 6.16 – 7.00 Very Acceptable

6 5.30 – 6.15 Acceptable

5 4.44 – 5.29 Slightly Acceptable

4 3.58 – 4.43 Neither

3 2.72 – 3.57 Slightly Not Acceptable

2 1.86 – 2.71 Not Acceptable

1 1.00 – 1.85 Extremely Not Acceptable

The survey questionnaire will be developed based on the researcher's

decades of teaching expertise and many certifications examination

experiences, as well as readings and discussions with seasoned IT experts. In

addition, the researcher will gather, draft, and produce statements that he

believes are most relevant to this study. A draft of the survey questionnaire was

provided to his adviser for examination and suggestions to ensure the

instrument's validity. The survey questionnaire was presented to Information

Technology practitioners and IT professors after incorporating his adviser's

recommendations. In response to their thoughts and recommendations, the

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 82

survey instrument will be revised. The survey questionnaire was checked by IT

Professors before being finalized to ensure that the instructions and alternatives

included in the questionnaire were clear and substantive. The final product is

based on their suggestions and feedback.

To describe the respondents’ ratings in each criterion, a 7 –point Likert

Scale for the responses was used. The arithmetic average was used to evaluate

the overall performance of each indicator.

Data Gathering Procedure

After the System is created meeting the desired functional requirement

specifications in creating a certification reviewer-based system. The primary

mode of gathering data is through the floating of questionnaires to respondents

via electronic means. The respondents will be given questions based on the

constructs of the Technology Acceptance Model.

In gathering the abovementioned data, the researcher undertook the

following procedures:

1. The researcher sought permission from the Head of the higher education

institution before conducting the study.

2. With the approval of the Head, the researcher administered the

distribution of the questionnaires to the respondents thru Google Form.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 83

3. To observe health and safety protocols, the researcher avoided face-to-

face make interactions with the respondents. However, when there is a need to

interact with the respondents, the researcher followed minimum public health

standards set by the national government and other authorities.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data gathered will be tabulated, organized, and analyzed using the

following statistical methods and techniques. The presentation and analysis of

the data were done using statistical applications and tools.

The study utilized a variety of statistical tests depending on the variables.

The descriptive analysis was applied in interpreting the result of the system

evaluation. The following statistical analysis was used to determine the level of

acceptance of the proposed system using the technology acceptance model

instrument.

The proponent evaluates the System using the Perceived usefulness

(PU), Perceived ease of use (PEOU), and Attitude toward using (ATU)

paradigm to determine its acceptability.

The weighted mean will be used to determine the average of values to

determine the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) evaluation result from the

participants. The formula is:

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 84

(1)

Where:

M – weighted mean
Xi – scores
n – total number of frequencies
The results of the System's perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of

use (PEOU), and Attitude toward using (ATU) interpreted using the Lickert

Scale. In survey research, participants define their level of agreement to a

proposition using a Likert scale.

The simple sum of questionnaire responses can be used to generate a

scale. To describe and to present the evaluation of each criterion under the

Technology Acceptance Model Framework, the following statistical treatments

will be used which include percentage distribution mean, and frequency

distribution.

Mean

The Mean is calculated using this formula:

WM= fw1 + fw2 + fw3
N
Where
WM = weighted mean
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 85

fw = frequency x weight
N = number of respondents

To determine if there is significant difference exists between or among the

perceptions of respondents in the different criteria stated, the Independent T-

Test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used.

A t-test is a type of inferential statistic used to determine if there is a

significant difference between the means of two groups, which may be related

to one another. While the ANOVA test allows a comparison of more than two

groups at the same time to determine whether a relationship exists between

them. The result of the ANOVA formula, the F statistic (also called the F-ratio),

allows for the analysis of multiple groups of data to determine the variability

between samples and within samples.

To assess the relationship between perceived usefulness, ease of use,

and attitudes toward the usage of the Certification Reviewer-Based System,

correlation analysis will be used.

Pearson R will be used to assess the strength and relationship of the two

variables. This will be used to measure the strength of the criteria cited in the

instrument developed. A correlation matrix will be developed.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 86

The concept of correlation can be expressed in terms of a computed value

called the correlation coefficient, r, at a 0.5 level of significance.

Correlation is a statistical technique that can show whether or how pair of

variables are strongly related. Intelligent correlation analysis can lead to a

greater understanding of the data.

A positive correlation exists when a high score in one variable is associated

with a high score in the second variable. This is also true when low scores in

one variable are associated with one variable in the other, thus, there is a direct

relationship that exists in positively correlated variables.

A negative correlation exists when high scores in one variable are

associated with a low score in the second variable and vice versa.

Zero correlation variables exist when scores in one variable tend to score

neither systematically high nor systematically low in other variables.

System Development

Stages in the Development of the Certification Reviewer-Based System

To create and develop a reliable system that will perform adequately and

at the same time will give benefit the end user, the researcher adopted the

various technical features that will provide a guide to produce a high-quality

outcome on the reviewer system. In this case, the researcher followed the
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 87

framework of the RAD Model to characterize the quality metrics required in

designing the reviewer-based system. This framework includes quality metrics

such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude towards

using. Additionally, this research study was connected to the TAM using the

RAD Model. The RAD model is the framework for creating a reviewer-based

system. The RAD model has the benefit of making it easier to process the

system and can build in no time with a high-quality outcome, according to

Sagala (2018).

Following the completion of the analysis stage, the following step was to

develop a design based on the analysis findings. A general and thorough

system design, user interface/user experience display design, and database

table design were all part of the RAD process. The user had to agree on the

design before it could be utilized as a primary reference in the implementation

stage.

Figure 3. RAD Process Phases

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1. Requirement Planning & Analysis

This was the very first stage of the system's development. At this stage,

information on the problem identification and data collection, in the form of

primary data, was gathered directly from users or final result-oriented users. All

user requirements for the Certification Reviewer System's design were

determined. Meetings were held between the user and the team to determine

the application or system's goals and the information requirements that resulted

from those goals. The orientation in this stage involved planning to overcome

existing problems. The process of breaking down a complex problem into

sections to obtain a better knowledge of it is called Requirement Analysis. It is

essential to see the system's effectiveness while assessing possible factors that

could add to the study of human and economic factors.

1.1 Operational Feasibility

The ability of a system to be successfully used after it has been

established is referred to as "operational feasibility." For the project's

operations, JPMQ application with some application process design, the

website will require three (3) entities school administrators: the certification

coordinator, the student. The database knowledge of the system administrators

operating the system is critical to the project's operational viability.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 89

1.2 Technical Feasibility

The technical feasibility shows the project's software and hardware

specifications and requirements. In this study, the researcher must create a

web-based and mobile-based application, utilize database management tools,

and apply machine learning algorithms to optimize system operations.

1.3 Hardware Requirements

Computer hardware specifications and requirements are detailed

descriptions of the physical parts and functionalities of the system. Each detail

of the computer parts, along with the model, brand, and hardware manufacturer,

are vital factors that should be considered. These hardware specifications for

enterprise systems are necessary for the management and financial institutions

or organizations as it allows them to perform their operations optimally.

Table 6
Hardware Specifications

Hardware Equipment Minimum Requirements

Standard Computer Storage: 1 TB HDD

Laptop Processor: Intel Core i5
RAM: 4GB DDR4 RAM
Screen: 12.5 to 14-inch screen
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Standard Computer Storage: 1 TB HDD

Desktop Processor: Intel Core i5
RAM: 4GB DDR4 RAM
Screen: 19-inch screen: 1280 x 1024 pixels

Printer Type: Inkjet or Laser

(Canon, Epson, HP, etc.) Dots per inch (dpi): 1200 or 1440 dpi
Internal Memory: 32MB to 128MB of RAM

Internet 400Mbps total bandwidth per month

The table shows the different hardware specifications and minimum

requirements that the researchers consider necessary for the potential users of

the developed system.

Table 7
Software Used for Design and Deployment

Programming Languages and Python

Scripting Language
PHP

CSS

JavaScript

HTML

MySQL

Visual Studio Code

MySQL Workbench

XAMPP

Operating System Windows 10 and above

(For system development)
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1.4 Software Requirements

The software specifications and requirements describe the desired

programs that will allow the optimum system performance and integration and

include supporting the system's user interface, operating speed, and software

portability across several platforms.

The table describes the software used to design and develop the system.

Python is the primary language for decreasing-based applications since it

supports machine learning, data analysis, and web development. HTML, CSS,

and JavaScript were used to construct the web-based application's front-end.

Figma was used to design the user interface of both web-based and mobile

applications. Server and database processes were supported with the help of

XAMPP, and MySQL. Visual studio code and web browsers were used to write,

test, and run the code.

Table 8
Software Used for Deployment

Google Chrome

Microsoft Edge

Browsers Opera

Safari

Mozilla Firefox
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250GB Bandwidth

Has SSL

Hosting 400GB Disk Space

8GB RAM

Has Email Accounts

Windows (10)
OS
Android 8.0 (Oreo) and above

The table displays the software used to deploy the system. To run the

web-based application, users would need a browser installed on their device.

Web browsers that can be used are Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera,

Safari, or Mozilla Firefox. For web hosting, the minimum requirements to

support the system efficiently are 250GB Bandwidth of internet connection, 8GB

RAM, and 400GB of Disk Space. The users' operating system must be

Windows for the web-based application and Android Oreo or above for the

mobile-based application.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 93

Figure 4 Functional Decomposition Diagram

The figure shows the FDD for the JPMQ project, which divides the system

into two (2) broad users: Administrator, and Student.

The users could manage the students’ accounts on the admin. Aside from

that, users could also manage different classes, categories, and levels of

questions. Admin account could see reports for all students’ results in the

review. Admin could manage examinations like managing the Question Banks

and Preview and also the admin user may manage students’ enrollment in the

system. Aside from that, may view classes and view the students’ results.

Students’ accounts have limited capabilities in taking examinations and viewing

results.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 94

The data that would be used in developing the Certification Reviewer-

Based System was analyzed at this stage. The Requirements Planning and

Analysis stage will be the first part of the RAD Model that should determine the

amount of time and resources needed in developing the software application.

The prototype shall evaluate the risks and prioritizes the various functions

based on their importance to the organization. This stage focused on the target

respondents – fourth-year IT students, IT Instructors, and IT practitioners taking

certification examinations. Since the students are already at the senior level

and as part of their curriculum to take the certification see appendix. The

researcher projected those respondents had taken many IT subjects and that

they are already capable of choosing the certification path suited to them. Every

user had the ability to manage their own data, which had an impact on their

qualities.

2. Prototype Cycle (Build, Demonstrate, Refine)

Table 9
Bugs and Action

Module Issues/Bugs Action

1. User User can’t log in Refresh the
Registration website
2. Admin Editing Admin can’t add One account at a
Accounts multiple account at time no
the same time duplicating tabs
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 95

3. Admin in Admin can’t upload Add some

uploading questions in excel exporting file tab
questions format
4. Students Can’t edit their own Added some
account profile editing feature
5. Student Exam Students can’t take Examination has
exam been activated.
6. Level of Can’t edit the level Can create, edit,
difficulty and delete the
level of difficulty
7. User (student) Can’t take different Apply
certification group/Category

Following the completion of the analysis stage, the next step was to create

the prototype cycle based on the analysis findings. The RAD technique refers

to a general and comprehensive system design overview using user

interface/user experience display design and database table design. Before it

could be used as a primary reference in the implementation stage, the user had

to agree on the design. Iteratively, all of the bugs and strains are worked out.

The developer creates a prototype, the client (user) tests it, and then the two

collaborate to figure out what worked and what didn't.

System Design

The process of defining the architecture, interfaces, and data for a system

that complies with specific requirements is known as systems design. System

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 96

design should create a cohesive, efficient system that satisfies the unique

needs of a company or organization.

Following the collection of your requirements, you analyze and convert

them into a physical system design that caters to the wants of the client.

Whether the client chooses customized development, commercial solutions, or

a combination of both, the design activity will change. A systematic method to

creating and constructing a system is necessary for systems design. Design

must consider every aspect of infrastructure, from the hardware and software

to the data and how it is maintained, in order to build a successful system

design.

System design includes the architectural design that describes the views,

models, behavior, and infrastructure of a system, the logical design represents

the data flow and inputs/outputs of a system, and physical design includes how

users can add information, how a system represents information to users, and

how data is modeled/stored. The researcher conducted an interview with the

users after the reviewer-based system has been developed to check the system

design.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 97

Figure 5 System Planning

3. Design & Testing

The Certification Reviewer System appears as illustrated in figures 1, 2

and, 3. Certification Reviewer System could display users’ profiles, information,

questions or examinations, reviewers, attempts, and scores. Furthermore, the

statistical visualization could present graphs of passed or failed, correct and

incorrect answered questions, and numbers of attempts

The PHP programming language and Code Igniter Framework are used

to implement the system. The system interface is split into two sections: the

administrator's interface and the interface for system users.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 98

A. User Interface

Students, Instructors, and Practitioners are among the users of the

Certification Reviewer System. However, in order to post messages or express

ideas on discussion boards, or use some of the features of the system, users

must log in first.

Figure 6 Log in Page

The user will immediately be presented with the system's start page. The

homepage, discussion forums, reviewer, examination, results, and user logins

profile, are some of the main menus that may be accessed by the user.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 99

Figure 7 Homepage of the User

Users enter the system via the Login page, which is shown. Users who

have registered must enter their user ID and password. Users can sign up for

an account if they are not yet registered.

Figure 8 Exam Page

Figure 9 Result Page

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 100

Figure 10 User’s Profile Page

B. Administrator Interface

The user management feature is the primary distinction between the end-

user page and the page administrator. The website's administrators oversee

the processing of user, exam, and reviewer data. Additionally, administrators

have the authority to remove false or misleading statements from discussion

forums.

Figure 11 Admin Log-in Page

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 101

The admin must first log on as an administrator before being able to

access the administrator page. An administrator page will look like Figure 12

once it behaves. On the administrator page, you may get data on the total

number of users and the number of users that are presently logged in, as well

as information on how many people are in each category. Administrators can

add user categories using this page if absolutely needed.

The administrator of the portal has permission to view a set of information,

including the user list, user category list, admin list, unit list, question banks,

results, and all of the content of threads. Figure 13 displays the admin list by

category.

Figure 11 Admin Category List

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 102

Figure 13 Administrator Homepage

Figure 14 Admin User’s Lists

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 103

Figure 15 Question Bank

Figure 16 Examination List

RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 104

Figure 17 Results

Figure 18 The Settings

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 105

After the completion of Certification Reviewer-Based System coding, the

next stage was to test the system, by feeding every input to the developed

website platform, processing it, and investigating certain errors. Moreover, the

testing was conducted to ensure that the create, read, update, and delete

(CRUD) process was performed efficiently. The results of the test indicated that

all CRUD functions were successfully conducted without errors.

The performance of the system was tested. The data needed to be

entered into the system was first prepared before the testing process. The

system output matching process came next. It provides a list of certain system

test findings that have been run on each button and application function.

According to the test's findings, all data entry, revision, and deletion processes

as well as the presentation of information were effectively carried out without a

glitch.

Iterative development and prototyping techniques were used to build the

RAD model. To examine the effectiveness of application development time, the

RAD method's application was tested. By using the RAD's development stage,

the analysis of application development time was conducted. It is clear from the

information that the system development process took 30 weeks, or 150 days.

The process took less time than the prior strategy, which required 8 months, or
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 106

around 35 weeks. The size of a relatively modest system project was one of the

elements contributing to a method's success.

Economic feasibility is one approach for determining whether or not a

project is viable. The project's benefits are separated into two categories:

physical and intellectual. Physical advantages are monetary, but intellectual or

soft benefits are positive adjustments that cannot be evaluated instantly.

Physical Advantage

• Increase the number of exam certification reviews

• Online setup of precertification assessment

Intellectual Advantage

• The borrowers’ and clients' satisfaction with the system and application.

• Enable to manage exam certification.

• Better and higher percentage of certification exam results.

Salient features of the Certification Reviewer-Based System

1. Exam Management Module - This module allows the admin to manage the

exam by adding, editing, deleting, and activating/deactivating the exams.

This also allows the admin to create categories for the examination.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 107

2. Question Management Module – This module allows users to create

questions from many categories and levels. In addition, it lets the user create

queries and save them in the item bank question database. It also allows the

user to configure the correct answer and corresponding points allotment to a

specified question bank.

3. Content Management Module - This module allows the user to configure the

contents of the application to provide a generic and flexible approach in

which the application can be used and anchored based on the contents of

the organization.

4. Report Generation - this module allows the user to view exam results of a

specific student using a search engine feature. In addition, to provide a

personalized approach in terms of questions, each question includes a

correction percentage to track the number of students who correctly

answered the question.

5. System Configuration Module - To provide security and complexity, the

system is designed to offer randomized questions for learners taking the

examination. This provides a mechanism to lessen cheating by the learners.

6. Item analysis - The system automatically generates an item analysis report

per exam. This will serve as a mechanism to identify strengths and

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 108

weaknesses that need to have an academic intervention for further review

and assessment.

4. Implementation/Evaluation

This success was due to the important role played by the researcher, who

was able to optimally manage existing resources and communicate every

achievement of the stages of the RAD method with the user; as a result,

software development was completed faster, which impacted resource cost

efficiency and productivity. As a result, the RAD method was able to accelerate

system development while also improving software quality. This strategy was

suitable for small to medium-scale software development. The effectiveness of

software development utilizing the RAD technique was determined by effective

and efficient communication between team members, team leaders with all

team members, and team leaders with users.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 109

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSES, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results, analyses, and interpretation of data. In

addition, this section provides answers to the research questions. The data

gathered is presented in tabular and textual form with the aid of statistical

treatment for the data analysis and interpretation.

1. Level of Acceptability of the Certification Reviewer-Based System

The respondents rated the Certification Reviewer-Based System using the

following criteria: (1) perceived usefulness and (2) perceived ease of use, and

(3) attitude towards using the System. The data was processed using the

Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). These data were analyzed

using the succeeding statistical methods and techniques.

The results of the System's perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of

use (PEOU), and Attitude toward using (ATU) were interpreted using the Likert

Scale. In survey research, participants define their level of agreement with a

proposition using a Likert scale. In this investigation, these replies were

randomly scaled.

The following tables determine the level of acceptability of the certification

reviewer-based system using the following criteria:

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 110

Table 10
Students’ Evaluation in Terms of Perceived Usefulness

Students
Perceived Usefulness
W𝐗̅ Level

1. 1. Using the System in my review helps me 6.60 Very Acceptable

to accomplish tasks more quickly
2. 2. Using the System improves my 6.67 Very Acceptable
performance in the review
3. 3. Using the System enhances my 6.67 Very Acceptable
effectiveness in a review
4. 4. Using the System makes it easier for my 6.80 Very Acceptable
review
5. 5. I find the helpful System in my review 6.87 Very Acceptable

Overall W𝐗̅ 6.72 Very Acceptable

The table showed that in terms of Perceived Usefulness as evaluated by

the students-respondents, the item with the highest computed mean of 6.87 was

item number 5, which states, "I find the helpful System in my review” with the

verbal interpretation of Very Acceptable. The respondents discovered that the

reviewer-based system was beneficial to them. This is followed by item number

4, which says, "Using the System makes it easier in my review," with a computed

mean of 6.8 and the same interpretation of very acceptable. Students saw that

the system makes review easier. While items number 2 and 3, which state that

"Using the System improves my performance in the review" and "Using the

System enhances my effectiveness at review," are the 3rd in the rate with a
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 111

mean of 6.67 with the interpretation of very acceptable. Using the system, the

student who considered the reviewer-based system will have progress in their

review and will increase their knowledge. The least computed mean was 6.6 for

item number 1 with the interpretation of very acceptable, which says, "Using the

System in my review helps me to accomplish tasks more quickly.” The overall

weighted mean of the students-respondents got 6.72, with verbal interpretation

as Very Acceptable.

Table 11
Practitioners’ Evaluation in Terms of Perceived Usefulness

Practitioners
Perceived Usefulness
W𝐗̅ Level

1. 1. Using the System in my review helps 6.47 Very Acceptable

me to accomplish tasks more quickly
2. 2. Using the System improves my 6.27 Very Acceptable
performance in the review
3. 3. Using the System enhances my 6.47 Very Acceptable
effectiveness in a review
4. 4. Using the System makes it easier for 6.67 Very Acceptable
my review
5. 5. I find the helpful System in my review 6.67 Very Acceptable

Overall W𝐗̅ 6.51 Very Acceptable

Similarly, the assessment of practitioners using the reviewer-based

system in terms of perceived usefulness was interpreted as “very acceptable,”

with an overall mean score of 6.51. The items that got a verbal interpretation of
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 112

“very acceptable” with the highest mean of 6.67 are items number 4, “Using the

System makes it easier for my review,” and item number 5, “I find the helpful

System in my review.” The reviewer-based system was helpful and convenient

for them to use. This is followed by items 1, “Using the System in my review

helps me to accomplish tasks more quickly,” and item 3, “Using the System

enhances my effectiveness in a review.” A mean score of 6.47 and a verbal

interpretation of “very acceptable.” The IT practitioners evaluate the system that

can finish the task faster and have a positive effect on their review. Whereas

item number 2, “Using the System improves my performance in the review,” got

the least mean score of 6.27 with a verbal interpretation of “very acceptable.”

Table 12
Instructors’ Evaluation in Terms of Perceived Usefulness

Instructors
Perceived Usefulness
W𝐗̅ Level

1. 1. Using the System in my review helps 6.80 Very Acceptable

me to accomplish tasks more quickly
2. 2. Using the System improves my 6.80 Very Acceptable
performance in the review
3. 3. Using the System enhances my 6.67 Very Acceptable
effectiveness in a review
4. 4. Using the System makes it easier for 6.80 Very Acceptable
my review
5. 5. I find the helpful System in my review 6.73 Very Acceptable

Overall W𝐗̅ 6.76 Very Acceptable

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 113

Likewise, as evaluated by the instructors, using the reviewer-based

system in terms of perceived usefulness is “very accepted,” with an overall mean

of 6.76. The items with the highest mean of 6.8 are items 1, 2, and 4, which

state that using the system in their review helps them accomplish tasks fast,

enhance their performance in their study, and it was an easy way to review with

the verbal interpretation of “very accepted.” Followed by item number 5 with a

mean score of 6.73 with an understanding as “very accepted,” which says, “I

find the helpful System in my review.”

Table 13
Respondents’ Evaluation in Terms of Perceived Usefulness

Perceived Students Practitioner Instructors Overall

Usefulness W𝐗̅ VI W𝐗̅ VI W𝐗̅ VI W𝐗̅ VI

1. Using the
System in my
review helps
6.60 VA 6.47 VA 6.80 VA 6.62 VA
me to
accomplish
tasks more
quickly.
2. Using the
System
6.67 VA 6.27 VA 6.80 VA 6.58 VA
improved my
performance in
the review.
3. Using the
System
6.67 VA 6.47 VA 6.67 VA 6.60 VA
enhances my
effectiveness in
review.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 114

4. Using the
System makes 6.80 VA 6.67 VA 6.80 VA 6.76 VA
it easier for my
review.
5. I find the helpful
6.87 VA 6.67 VA 6.73 VA 6.76 VA
System in my
review.
Overall 6.72 VA 6.51 VA 6.76 VA 6.66 VA

Overall, students evaluate the system in terms of perceived usefulness.

They find it helpful for their review in view of the fact that item number 5 got the

highest mean. While the practitioners using the system make their study easier

since item number 4 brought a favorable score. However, instructors using the

system make them accomplish more tasks and enhance their studies'

performance since items 1 and 2 got the top score. Among the three

classifications of the respondents, the instructors got the highest overall mean

of 6.76 with the evaluation of “very accepted” using the reviewer-based system

in terms of perceived usefulness. Followed by the student, and the last is the

practitioners.

Table 14
Overall Evaluation in Terms Perceived Usefulness

Indicators N Mean Interpretation

1. Using the System in my

45 6.62 Very Acceptable
review helps me to accomplish
tasks more quickly.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 115

2. Using the System improves 45 6.58 Very Acceptable

my performance in the review.
3. Using the System enhances 45 6.60 Very Acceptable
my effectiveness in review.
4. Using the System makes it 45 6.76 Very Acceptable
easier for my review.
5. I find the helpful System in 45 6.76 Very Acceptable
my review.
Total 6.664 Very Acceptable

As gleaned in the Table above, in terms of the perceived usefulness

criterion, the respondents rated an overall mean performance of 6.664, which

has an interpretation result of “Very Acceptable.” Noticeably, all indicators under

the mentioned criterion have an interpretation result of “very acceptable,” which

means the system provides an efficient way of reviewing lessons. This shows

that the system meets the desired functional goal of helping examinees prepare

for future certification examinations. In addition, the system is beneficial and

provides convenience and easiness in navigating system features with a 6.76

recorded mean. This also serves the highest indicators in the perceived

usefulness criterion.

The overall result of the study of the reviewer-based system in terms of

perceived usefulness is relevant to the TAM defines perceived usefulness as

the extent to which a person believes that using a particular system would

improve their ability to accomplish their work. Perceived usefulness, according

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 116

to Davis et al. (1992), refers to how an audience perceives the outcome of the

experience. Similar to this, Mathwick et al. (2001) defined perceived usefulness

as how much a person believes a specific system will improve their commitment

to achieving their job. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of

perceived usefulness' effect on coping and adaptive intention (Chen and

Barnes, 2007; Guriting and Ndubisi, 2006; Jaruwachirathanakul and Fink, 2005;

Eriksson et al., 2005; Hu et al., 1999; Venkatesh, 2000; Venkatesh and Davis,

1996; Venkatesh and Morris, 1996). Tan and Teo (2000) suggested that

perceived usefulness was essential to how innovations are adopted.

Table 15
Students' Evaluation in Terms of Perceived Ease of Use

Students
Perceived Ease of Use
W𝐗̅ Level

6. 1. Learning to operate the System has 6.80 Very Acceptable

been easy for me.
7. 2. I find it easy to get the System to do 6.73 Very Acceptable
what I want it to do.
8. 3. My interaction with the System is clear 6.73 Very Acceptable
and understandable.
9. 4. I find the System to be flexible to 6.73 Very Acceptable
interact with
5. It is easy for me to become skillful in 6.73 Very Acceptable
using the System
Overall W𝐗̅ 6.75 Very Acceptable
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 117

The table above presents the level of acceptability in terms of perceived

ease of use as evaluated by the students-respondents. As shown in the table,

only one got the highest mean of 6.80, and item number 5 states, "Learning to

operate the System has been easy for me." With a verbal interpretation of

“very accepted.” It highlights that the system is to be quite simple to control.

Consequently, items number 2 to 5 got the same mean of 6.73 with the analysis

of “very accepted.” As a result, the system can be transparent and

understandable. Also, it can be adjustable to interact with, making it accessible

for them to become skillful in using the system. The overall mean is 6.75 with

the understanding of “very accepted.” For the students operating and managing

the system is uncomplicated.

Table 16
Practitioner’s Evaluation in Terms of Perceived Ease of Use

Practitioner
Perceived Ease of Use
W𝐗̅ Level

1. Learning to operate the System has 6.67 Very Acceptable

been easy for me.
2. I find it easy to get the System to do 6.67 Very Acceptable
what I want it to do.
3. My interaction with the System is clear 6.80 Very Acceptable
and understandable.
4. I find the System to be flexible to 6.60 Very Acceptable
interact with
5. It is easy for me to become skillful in 6.47 Very Acceptable
using the System
Overall W𝐗̅ 6.64 Very Acceptable
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 118

Furthermore, the practitioners assessed the reviewer-based system in

terms of perceived ease of use with an overall weighted mean of 6.64 with the

interpretation of “very accepted.” As evaluated on their computed means by

item, item number 3 got the top rate with a mean score of 6.80, expressing that

“My interaction with the System is clear and understandable.” Including the

analysis of “very acceptable.” The respondents evaluated the system was user-

friendly. Next, items number 1 and 2 with a mean of 6.67 and the interpretation

of “very acceptable.” Which states that learning to operate and effortless to use

the system. This is followed by item number 4, which says that the system is

flexible to interconnect with, with a mean of 6.60 and an interpretation of “very

accepted.” The last item that got the lowly mean of 6.47 is item number 5, which

expresses that to work on the system, it is easy to become an expert in using

the system.

Table 17
Instructor’s Evaluation in Terms of Perceived Ease of Use

Instructor
Perceived Ease of Use
W𝐗̅ Level

1. Learning to operate the System has 6.87 Very Acceptable

been easy for me.
2. I find it easy to get the System to do 6.87 Very Acceptable
what I want it to do.
3. My interaction with the System is clear 6.80 Very Acceptable
and understandable.
4. I find the System to be flexible to 6.93 Very Acceptable
interact with
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 119

5. It is easy for me to become skillful in 6.73 Very Acceptable

using the System
Overall W𝐗̅ 6.84 Very Acceptable

This is similar to the result of the evaluation of the instructors. It indicates

that using the reviewer-based system in terms of perceived ease of use, the one

that obtains the highest mean of 6.93 is item number 4, which states, “I find the

System to be flexible to interact with.” With the analysis of “very acceptable,” it

appears that utilizing the system is adaptable. Hence, items 1 and 2 have a

mean score of 6.87 with a verbal interpretation of “very acceptable,” with this,

learning to operate the system has been easy, and it can do what it wants. This

is followed by item number 3, which says that the interaction with the system is

clear and transparent, with a mean of 6.80 and a clarification of “very

acceptable.” Finally, item number 5 says, “It is easy for me to become skillful in

using the System.” A mean score is 6.73 with an interpretation of “very

acceptable.”

Table 18
Respondents’ Evaluation in Terms of Perceived Ease of Use

Perceived Ease Students Practitioner Instructors Overall

of Use W𝐗̅ VI W𝐗̅ VI W𝐗̅ VI W𝐗̅ VI

1. Learning to
6.80 VA 6.67 VA 6.87 VA 6.78 VA
operate the
System has
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 120

been easy for

me.
2. I find it easy to
get the System 6.73 VA 6.67 VA 6.87 VA 6.76 VA
to do what I want
it to do.
3. My interaction
with the System 6.73 VA 6.80 VA 6.80 VA 6.78 VA
is clear and
understandable.
4. I find the System
6.73 VA 6.60 VA 6.93 VA 6.76 VA
to be flexible to
interact with.
5. It is easy for me
to become 6.73 VA 6.47 VA 6.73 VA 6.64 VA
skillful in using
the System.
Overall 6.75 VA 6.64 VA 6.84 VA 6.74 VA

Another distinct finding revealed students assessed the system in terms of

perceived ease of use. Students observed that learning to operate the system

has been easy for them in view of the fact that item number 1 got the highest

mean. Although the practitioners evaluated the system that is clear and

understandable which is item 3 got a favorable score. However, instructors

appear that the system was flexible to interact with since item number 4 got the

top score. Among the three classifications of the respondents, the instructors

got the highest overall mean of 6.84 with the evaluation of “very accepted” using

the reviewer-based system in terms of perceived ease of use. Followed by the

student, and the last is the practitioners.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 121

Table 19
Overall Evaluation in Terms Perceived Ease of Use

Indicators N Mean Interpretation

1. Learning to operate the System has 45 6.78 Very Acceptable

been easy for me.
2. I find it easy to get the System to do 45 6.76 Very Acceptable
what I want it to do.
3. My interaction with the System is 45 6.78 Very Acceptable
clear and understandable.
4. I find the System to be flexible to 45 6.76 Very Acceptable
interact with.
5. It is easy for me to become skillful in 45 6.64 Very Acceptable
using the System.
Total 6.74 Very Acceptable

As gleaned in the Table above, in terms of the Perceived Ease of Use

criterion, the respondents rated an overall mean performance of 6.74, which has

an interpretation result of “Very Acceptable.”. Noticeably, all indicators under the

mentioned criterion have an interpretation result of very acceptable which

means the system provides an effective way in terms of convenience. This

shows that the System can be learned and navigated easily based on its

designed functional specifications. In addition, the system is very practical and

makes using system features reliable and easy. with a 6.74 recorded mean.

This also serves the highest indicators in the perceived ease of use criterion.

This is in favor of the study of Consult (2002) stated that perceived ease

of use refers to consumers' capacity to test out new innovations and quickly
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 122

assess their benefits. He also affirmed that the drivers of growth in electronic

banking are determined by the perceived ease of use which is a combination of

convenience provided to those with easy internet access. Multiple studies over

the past ten years show that perceived ease of use significantly impacts usage

intention, either directly or indirectly. (Hernandez and Mazzon, 2007; Guriting

and Ndubisi, 2006; Eriksson, 2005; Wang et al., 2003; Venkatesh, 2000;

Venkatesh and Davis, 1996; Venkatesh and Morris, 2000). Based on an

analysis study by Pavlou (20,03), PEOU is characterized as the degree to which

people believe the technology is simple to use.

It was also similar to the study of Le. HBH (2020) Perceived ease of use:

This refers to how easily individuals log in and use mobile banking. The findings

of the study showed that several factors have been determined to be more

significant than others, with social influence being the most powerful,

compatibility coming in second, and other factors like perceived ease of use,

perceived trust, etc. all having an impact on the intention to use mobile banking

in Thanh Hoa. According to Samuel N. et al. (2018), mobile devices were seen

by lecturers as essential and straightforward to use in promoting research

collaboration. It was suggested that university professors be encouraged to

adopt mobile technologies successfully for research.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 123

The table presentation is the level of acceptability of the certification

reviewer-based system in terms of attitude towards using as evaluated by the

students, practitioners, and instructors.

Table 20
Students’ Evaluation in Terms of Attitude Towards Using

Students
Attitude Towards Using
W𝐗̅ Level

1. Using the System in preparation for 6.87 Very Acceptable

assessment is good.
2. Using the System in preparation for 6.93 Very Acceptable
assessment is favorable.
3. It is a positive influence for me to use 6.73 Very Acceptable
the System in preparation for assessment.
4. I think it is valuable to use the System in 6.80 Very Acceptable
preparation for assessment.
5. I think it is a trend to use systems in 6.93 Very Acceptable
preparation for assessment.
Overall W𝐗̅ 6.85 Very Acceptable

As evaluated by the student the items that attain the highest mean of 6.93

with the analysis of “very accepted” are items 2 and 5, which about using the

system ahead of time is an advantage for the examination, and it is a trend to

use the system in preparation for the review Then item number 1 with a

calculated mean of 6.87 with an analysis of “very accepted” talks about using

the system assessment is manageable or reasonable. This is followed by item

number 4, stating that “I think it is valuable to use the System in preparation for
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 124

assessment” with a mean of 6.80 and verbal interpretation of “very acceptable”

respondents appreciate the use of the system. Last item number 3 got the

lowest mean of 6.73 with the same understanding of “very acceptable,” which

shows that using the system ahead of time for the examination positively

impacts them. The overall weighted mean got 6.85 which is also interpreted as

“very acceptable” using the reviewer-based system in terms of attitude towards

using.

Table 21
Practitioners’ Evaluation in Terms of Attitude Towards Using

Practitioners
Attitude Towards Using
W𝐗̅ Level

1. Using the System in preparation for 6.60 Very Acceptable

assessment is good.
2. Using the System in preparation for 6.67 Very Acceptable
assessment is favorable.
3. It is a positive influence for me to use
6.73 Very Acceptable
the System in preparation for
assessment.
4. I think it is valuable to use the System 6.67 Very Acceptable
in preparation for assessment.
5. I think it is a trend to use systems in 6.73 Very Acceptable
preparation for assessment.
Overall W𝐗̅ 6.68 Very Acceptable

Similarly, all of the items were assessed by the practitioners. Items number

3 and 5 have the same calculated mean of 6.73, interpreted as “very accepted.”
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 125

Stated that using the system has a positive effect on the upcoming assessment,

and it is a trend to utilize the system. Both items number 2 and 4 also have alike

mean of 6.67, evaluated as “very acceptable”. It discussed about the system

was favorable and valuable. Using the system was relevant to their study. Last

item number 1 got the lowest mean of 6.60, which stated, “Using the System in

preparation for assessment is good” with an interpretation of “very accepted.”

Practitioners evaluated the reviewer-based system in terms of attitude towards

using was very acceptable with an overall mean of 6.68.

Table 22
Instructors’ Evaluation in Terms of Attitude Towards Using

Instructor
Attitude Towards Using
W𝐗̅ Level

1. Using the System in preparation for 6.87 Very Acceptable

assessment is good.
2. Using the System in preparation for 6.87 Very Acceptable
assessment is favorable.
3. It is a positive influence for me to use
6.87 Very Acceptable
the System in preparation for
assessment.
4. I think it is valuable to use the System 6.80 Very Acceptable
in preparation for assessment.
5. I think it is a trend to use systems in 6.93 Very Acceptable
preparation for assessment.
Overall W𝐗̅ 6.87 Very Acceptable
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 126

This is similar to the result of the evaluation of instructors. This showed

that instructors are “very acceptable” in adapting the reviewer-based system in

terms of attitude towards using with an average weighted mean of 6.87.

Instructors are “very acceptable” because of item number 5, “I think it is a trend

to use systems in preparation for the assessment,” with a mean score of 6.93.

Item number 1 “Using the System in preparation for assessment is good,” item

number 2, “Using the System in preparation for assessment is good,” and item

number 3, “It is a positive influence for me to use the System in preparation for

assessment” tied up with a mean score of 6.87 and interpreted as “very

acceptable.” Last but not the least is item number 4, which states that “I think it

is valuable to use the System in preparation for the assessment,” with the lowest

mean score of 6.80.

Table 23
Respondents’ Evaluation in Terms of Attitude Towards Using

Attitude Towards Students Practitioner Instructors Overall

Using W𝐗̅ VI W𝐗̅ VI W𝐗̅ VI W𝐗̅ VI

1. Using the
System in
6.87 VA 6.60 VA 6.87 VA 6.78 VA
preparation for
assessment is
good.
2. Using the
System in
6.93 VA 6.67 VA 6.87 VA 6.82 VA
preparation for
assessment is
favorable.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 127

3. It is a positive
influence for me
6.73 VA 6.73 VA 6.87 VA 6.78 VA
to use the System
in preparation for
assessment.
4. I think it is
valuable to use
6.80 VA 6.67 VA 6.80 VA 6.76 VA
the System in
preparation for
assessment.
5. I think it is a
trend to use
6.93 VA 6.73 VA 6.93 VA 6.87 VA
systems in
preparation for
assessment.
Overall 6.85 VA 6.68 VA 6.87 VA 6.80 VA

Another distinct finding revealed respondents assessed using the system

in terms of attitude towards using. The students and instructors noticed that

utilizing the system and it is a trend to use the system in view of the fact that

items 2 and 5 got the highest computed mean of 6.93. Although the practitioners

evaluated the system it has the positive influence. However, both student and

instructor have almost the same mean and interpretation.

Table 24
Overall’ Evaluation in Terms of Attitude Towards Using

Indicators N Mean Interpretation

1. Using the System in preparation 45 6.78 Very Acceptable

for assessment is good.
2. Using the System in preparation 45 6.82 Very Acceptable
for assessment is favorable.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 128

3. It is a positive influence for me to

45 6.78 Very Acceptable
use the System in preparation for
assessment.
4. I think it is valuable to use the
45 6.76 Very Acceptable
System in preparation for
assessment.
5. I think it is a trend to use systems 45 6.87 Very Acceptable
in preparation for assessment.
Total 6.80 Very Acceptable

As gleaned in the Table above, in terms of the Attitude Towards Using

criterion, the respondents rated an overall mean performance of 6.80 which has

an interpretation result of “Very Acceptable”. Noticeably, all indicators under the

mentioned criterion have an interpretation result of very acceptable which

means the system provides a structured way in terms of ideas and orientation.

This shows that the System can be ultimately used as a preparation for future

assessments. In addition, the system is incredibly practical and makes using its

features flexible and simple. with a 6.80 recorded mean. This also serves the

highest indicators in the attitude towards using criterion.

This is related to the study of Teo T. (2008) to examine the attitudes toward

use of computers among pre-service teachers. A sample of 139 pre-service

teachers was assessed for their computer attitudes using a Likert-type

questionnaire with four factors: affect (liking), perceived usefulness, perceived

control, and behavioral intention to use the computer. The results of this study

showed no gender or age differences among pre-service teachers on computer

attitudes
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 129

2. There is a significant difference in the degree of acceptability for the

certification reviewer by the profile of respondents in terms of: Perceived

usefulness (PU), Perceived ease of use (PEOU), Attitude toward using

(ATU)

In determining the existence of a significant difference in the degree of

acceptability for the certification reviewer by the profile of respondents in terms

of the following criteria which include perceived usefulness, perceived ease of

use, and attitude toward using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used.

Analysis of variance is a statistical procedure in testing differences among

means of three or more groups. Analysis of variance uses the F-Ratio that

determines the ratio of variations between the groups versus the variation within

groups. A high F-Ratio indicated that it is more likely that the means of the

groups are different.

Table 25
ANOVA Results in Terms of Perceived Usefulness

Sum of Mean
df F Sig.
Squares Square

Between
0.556 2 0.278 1.556 0.223
Groups
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 130

Within
7.509 42 0.179
Groups

Total 8.066 44

In Table, the responses between the students, practitioners, and

instructors in their assessment of the perceived usefulness of the certification

reviewer were tested using analysis of variance. The forty-five respondents

distributed among the three groups shows F = 1.556 (p = 0.223). The computed

test statistic indicated a low F value and a significance higher than 0.05. This

indicates that there is no significant difference between the assessment of the

three groups in the perceived usefulness of the certification reviewer. It means

that the students, practitioners, and instructors view the certification reviewer to

the same degree in terms of perceived usefulness.

Particularly in comparison to the study, the use of the ISO9126 standard

in the creation of collaborative learning tools was indicated by usability criteria

used to information computer technology in teaching mathematics (Law, 2021).

In addition, the study's findings demonstrate a high positive association between

students' views and behavioral intentions and their actual use of Zoom.

Furthermore, computer self-efficacy and other variables have a favorable

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 131

relationship (i.e. PU, actual use, PEU, attitude and behavioral intention)

according to Alfadda's research.

To validate the result, the researcher also conducted the Tukey range

method test. Tukey's range test, also known as Tukey's test, Tukey method,

Tukey's honest significance test, or Tukey's HSD (honestly significant

difference) test, is a single-step multiple comparison procedure and statistical

test. It can be used to find means that are significantly different from each other.

Table 26 Tukey Test in Terms of Perceived Usefulness

Dependent Variable: MP

Tukey HSD

95% Confidence
Mean
Std. Interval
(I) Position (J) Position Difference Sig.
Error Lower Upper
(I-J)
Bound Bound

Practitioner 0.2133 0.1544 0.359 -0.162 0.588

Student
Instructor -0.04 0.1544 0.964 -0.415 0.335

Student -0.2133 0.1544 0.359 -0.588 0.162

Practitioner
Instructor -0.2533 0.1544 0.24 -0.628 0.122

Student 0.04 0.1544 0.964 -0.335 0.415

Instructor
Practitioner 0.2533 0.1544 0.24 -0.122 0.628
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 132

The multiple comparison table reveals that the significant values are

consistent and above the 0.05 alpha value. This means that no significant

difference exists among the perceptions of the different types of respondents

Table 27
ANOVA Results in Terms of Perceived Ease of Use

Sum of d Mean
F Sig.
Squares f Square

Between
0.3 2 0.15 0.878 0.423
Groups

4
Within Groups 7.189 0.171
2

4
Total 7.49
4

In Table, the responses between the students, practitioners, and

instructors in their assessment of the perceived ease of use of the certification

reviewer were tested using analysis of variance. The forty-five respondents

distributed among the three groups shows F = 0.878 (p = 0.423). The computed

test statistic indicated a low F value and a significance higher than 0.05. This

indicates that there is no significant difference between the assessment of the

three groups in the perceived ease of use of the certification reviewer. It means
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 133

that the students, practitioners, and instructors view the certification reviewer in

the same degree in terms of perceived ease of use.

This is connected to the study of Bermudez R. et al (2015) the use of the

interactive module motivates them to have more interest in the lesson and it

helped improve their knowledge, skills, and attitude. In the same manner,

respondents rated acceptable using the system.

To validate the result, the researcher also conducted, a c-range method

test was also conducted.

Table 28
Tukey Test in Terms of Perceived Ease of Use

95% Confidence
Mean
Std. Interval
(I) Position (J) Position Difference Sig.
Error Lower Upper
(I-J)
Bound Bound

Practitioner 0.1067 0.1511 0.761 -0.26 0.474

Student
Instructor -0.0933 0.1511 0.811 -0.46 0.274

Student -0.1067 0.1511 0.761 -0.474 0.26

Practitioner
Instructor -0.2 0.1511 0.39 -0.567 0.167

Student 0.0933 0.1511 0.811 -0.274 0.46

Instructor
Practitioner 0.2 0.1511 0.39 -0.167 0.567
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 134

The multiple comparison table reveals that the significant values are

consistent and above the 0.05 alpha value. This means that no significant

difference exists among the perceptions of the different types of respondents in

the certification reviewer-based system evaluation.

Table 29
ANOVA Results in Terms of Attitude Towards Using

Sum of Mean
df F Sig.
Squares Square

Between
0.325 2 0.163 1.402 0.257
Groups

Within
4.875 42 0.116
Groups

Total 5.2 44

In Table, the responses between the students, practitioners, and

instructors in their assessment of the perceived attitude towards using of the

certification reviewer were tested using analysis of variance. The forty-five

respondents distributed among the three groups shows F = 1.402 (p = 0.257).

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 135

The computed test statistic indicated a low F value and a significance higher

than 0.05. This indicates that there is no significant difference between the

assessment of the three groups in the attitude towards using the certification

reviewer. It means that the students, practitioners, and instructors view the

certification reviewer to the same degree in terms of perceived attitude towards

using.

The result of the study is in favor of the study of Pahuriray & Algara (2021)

they propose that future studies integrate a top score module with numerous

levels to evaluate and enhance the user's comprehension of various Information

Technology terminology to make further improvements. This study is similar to

the technology created by Sancho and Melendres (2020) to facilitate studying

for this important exam and enhance the mock board examination procedure.

Additionally, it delivers a result right away that aids the test-takers in identifying

their areas of weakness and conducting additional studies to strengthen them.

To validate the result, the researcher also conducted, a Tukey range

method test was also conducted.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 136

Table 30
Tukey Test in Terms of Attitude Towards Using

95%

Mean Confidence
Std.
(I) Position (J) Position Difference Sig. Interval
Error
(I-J) Lower Upper

Bound Bound

Practitioner 0.1733 0.1244 0.353 -0.129 0.476

Student
Instructor -0.0133 0.1244 0.994 -0.316 0.289

Student -0.1733 0.1244 0.353 -0.476 0.129

Practitioner
Instructor -0.1867 0.1244 0.301 -0.489 0.116

Student 0.0133 0.1244 0.994 -0.289 0.316

Instructor
Practitioner 0.1867 0.1244 0.301 -0.116 0.489

The multiple comparison table reveals that the significant values are

consistent and above the 0.05 alpha value. This means that no significant

difference exists among the perceptions of the different types of respondents in

the certification reviewer-based system evaluation

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 137

3. The respondents assess the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of

use, and attitude toward using the Certification Reviewer-Based

System

To assess the perceived usefulness, ease of use and attitudes toward the

usage of the Certification Reviewer-Based System, the summary of results per

criterion is presented below.

Table 31
Summary of Evaluations using the Technology Acceptance Model Criteria

Criteria N Mean Interpretations

Perceived Usefulness 45 6.78 Very Acceptable

Perceived Ease of Use 45 6.82 Very Acceptable

Attitude Towards Using 45 6.78 Very Acceptable

Total 6.79 Very Acceptable

As gleaned in the Table presented above, the grand mean of the

respondent’s evaluation in the Technology Acceptance Model instrument is 6.79

with a verbal interpretation of “Very Acceptable”. The success rate in terms of

ease of use with a computed mean of 6.82 the respondents assessed the

reviewer-based system has the capability of being used, and it is a basic

concept that describes how easily users can use the system. Furthermore, in

terms of perceived usefulness and attitude towards using both have the same
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 138

mean of 6.78, the respondents assessed that using the reviewer-based system

would enhance their performance in their assessment, and it is beneficial to the

reviewee. However, the result of the evaluation reveals that all criteria present

in the instrument have also a verbal interpretation of “Very Acceptable” which

means that the System is designed suited to the needs of the users and ready

for deployment.

The result of the study is relevant to the study of Lee [Link] (2015) the findings

show that every variable had a significant and positive effect on attitude using.

Compatibility was the factor that had the biggest impact. Additionally,

consumers' perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use had a beneficial

impact on customer satisfaction. Moreover, it was consistent of earlier studies,

including one by Seyal and Rahman (2003) who looked at students at Brunei

Darussalam's National Higher Education's acceptance of using the Internet for

academic purposes. They demonstrated that perceptions of the internet's utility

were the main factor influencing attitudes toward its use among Brunei

Darussalam students.

4. Is there significant differences in the assessment of respondents’

perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitudes toward the

usage of the Certification Reviewer-Based System?

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 139

To determine if there is a significant difference exists in the overall

evaluation of respondents when grouped according to types of respondents, the

following tables are presented below:

Table 32
Overall Analysis of Variance Test When Grouped According to Types of
Respondents

Sum of Mean
df F Sig.
Squares Square

Between Groups 0.375 2 0.187 1.458 0.244

Within Groups 5.399 42 0.129

Total 5.773 44

The table above shows that the ANOVA’s computed significant value is

0.244 is higher than the significant value of 0.05. This explains that no

significant difference was recorded in terms of the overall perception in

evaluating the System when grouped according to types of respondents. This

concludes that the perceptions of Information Technology practitioners,

instructors and students are the same

To validate the result, a Tukey range method test was also conducted by

the researcher.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 140

Table 33
Tukey Test in Terms of Overall Perceptions

95%

Mean Confidence
Std.
(I) Position (J) Position Difference Sig. Interval
Error
(I-J) Lower Upper

Bound Bound

Practitioner 0.1733 0.1244 0.353 -0.129 0.476

Student
Instructor -0.0133 0.1244 0.994 -0.316 0.289

Student -0.1733 0.1244 0.353 -0.476 0.129

Practitioner
Instructor -0.1867 0.1244 0.301 -0.489 0.116

Student 0.0133 0.1244 0.994 -0.289 0.316

Instructor
Practitioner 0.1867 0.1244 0.301 -0.116 0.489

The multiple comparison table reveals that the significant values are

consistent and above the 0.05 alpha value. This means that no significant

difference exists among the overall perceptions of the different types of

respondents in evaluating the certification reviewer-based system evaluation

using the technology acceptance model instrument.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 141

5. What are the challenges, issues, and recommendations suggested by

the respondent?

A challenge is a hurdle to overcome, whereas an issue is a technique for

breaking down the challenge into manageable chunks and selecting which

issues will be addressed first, second, third, and so on, in order of significance

(and how to rank the issues in order of importance). Recommendations are

suggestions or proposals for the best course of action, usually made by a

reputable organization.

Based on the interview, and from the focal group discussion, the

respondents did not encounter any challenges as the certification reviewer-

based system runs as expected. The respondents encountered a few issues

during the evaluation. The first issue encountered by the IT Practitioner

respondent was the text on the choice’s checkbox was not aligned with the

letters, but overall effective for reviewing. Other respondents also give

recommendations such as GUI enhancement and catchy background or feature

as almost all features are superb. Also, another recommendation is to provide

pre-instructions before they can start the exam

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 142

Table 34
Problems Encountered and Recommendations Offered on the Use of the
Certification Reviewer-Based System

Respondents Problems Encountered Recommendations

Offered

Students • Randomization of each question • Adding content of

in every attempt of the data Question Bank.
gathering.
Instructors • The system could also offer • Demonstrate other
other variations of question variations of question
formatting. formats

• I would recommend to make • Demonstrate on how to

some of the font size a little adjust the font size
bigger so users can see read it
easier. For the system itself it is
very useful.

• It is recommended that the • Create user manual

system should light and easy to
navigate to easily adapt by the
user.
Practitioners • The text on the choice’s • Align check box
checkbox is not aligned into the
letters, but overall effective for
reviewing.

• GUI enhancement as almost all

• Use more graphics,
features are superb.
animations, UI
theme/color
• Overall, the system is great. It is
easy to navigate and
• Apply an attractive
understand the features.
design Interface.
However, try to add a catchy
background or feature to make it
more exciting for the students,
especially there are the one who
will use it.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 143

IT Instructors-respondents likewise experience problems with regard to

more graphics, animations, UI themes, and color. They are asking for an

attractive design interface. On the side of student-respondents, they don’t have

issues regarding the said system.

Student-respondents observed the type of questions they encountered

during the testing of the system. While instructors observe the variations of

questions that has been uploaded. Aside from that, the font size and ease of

navigation of the system seems to be encountered soon as per their opinion.

For the practitioners, they are more concerned with the appearance of the

reviewer-based system. They have observed the alignment of letters and minor

enhancements in terms of GUI.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 144

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions drawn, and

recommendations offered. The purpose of this study was to design and

evaluate of Certification Reviewer-Based System Using a Technology

Acceptance Model. The Technology Acceptance Model has been one of the

most important models of technology acceptance, with elements such as

attitude toward use, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness impacting

an individual's intention to utilize new technology.

1. Evaluation of Respondents on the Level of Acceptability of the

Certification-Based System on the technology acceptance model's

constructs in terms of:

a. Perceived usefulness (PU)

On the level of acceptability in terms of the perceived usefulness (PU)

criterion, the respondents rated an overall mean performance of 6.664 which

has an interpretation result of “Very Acceptable”. In addition, the highest mean

in terms of criterion indicator highlights that the system is a very useful

mechanism for reviewing as part of the preparation for certifications.

b. Perceived ease of use (PEOU)

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 145

As regards Perceived ease of use (PEOU), the respondents rated an

overall mean performance of 6.74 which has an interpretation result of “Very

Acceptable”. In addition, the highest mean in terms of criterion indicator

highlights that the system can be learned and navigated easily based on its

designed functional specifications.

c. Attitude toward using (ATU)

Lastly, on the level of acceptability in terms of Attitude toward using (ATU),

the student, IT Instructor, and IT Practitioner respondents rated an overall mean

performance of 6.802 which has an interpretation result of “Very Acceptable”.

In addition, the highest mean in terms of criterion indicator highlights that the

system can be ultimately used as a preparation for future assessment.

2. Significant difference in the degree of acceptability for the

certification reviewer by the profile of respondents in terms of:

a. Perceived usefulness (PU)

On the level of acceptability in terms of significant difference in terms of

perceived usefulness (PU) criterion, the profile of respondents computed

significant value of 0.223 for the ANOVA is higher than the significant value of

0.05. This explains why, when respondents were categorized according to

types of respondents, there was no significant variation in their perceptions

under the perceived usefulness criterion. This means that information

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 146

technology practitioners, educators, and students all have the same viewpoints.

The obtained ANOVA result yields a value of 1.55, indicating if the term

connected with the response is low.

The researcher used the Tukey range method test to confirm the findings.

Tukey's range test is a single-step multiple comparison process and statistical

test that is also known as Tukey's test, Tukey method, Tukey's honest

significance test, or Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference). It can be

used to locate means that differ greatly from one another. The significant values

in the multiple comparison table are consistent and exceed the 0.05 alpha

value. This suggests that there is no discernible variation between the

impressions of the various sorts of respondents.

b. Perceived ease of use (PEOU)

As regards Perceived ease of use (PEOU), the computed significant value

of 0.423 for the ANOVA is higher than the significant value of 0.05. This explains

why, when respondents were categorized according to types of respondents,

there was no significant variation in their impression of perceived ease of use.

As a result, information technology practitioners, professors, and students have

similar perspectives. The obtained ANOVA result yields a value of 0.878,

indicating if the term connected with the response is small.

The researcher also performed a c-range technique test to validate the

results. The significant values in the multiple comparison table are consistent
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 147

and exceed the 0.05 alpha value. This suggests that in the certification-based

system evaluation, there are no significant differences in the impressions of

different types of respondents.

c. Attitude toward using (ATU)

On the level of acceptability for the certification reviewer by the profile of

respondents in terms of Attitude toward using, the computed significant value

of ANOVA is 0.423, which is greater than the significant value of 0.05. This

explains why, when respondents were grouped according to types of

respondents, there was no significant variation in their impression of the attitude

toward using the criterion. This means that information technology practitioners,

educators, and students all have the same viewpoints. The obtained ANOVA

result yields a value of 1.402, indicating if the term connected with the response

is small. The researcher used the Tukey range method test to validate the

results.

The significant values in the multiple comparison table are consistent and

exceed the 0.05 alpha value. This suggests that in the certification reviewer-

based system evaluation, there are no significant differences in the

perspectives of the various types of responders.

3. The respondents assess the perceived usefulness, perceived ease

of use, and attitude toward using the Certification Reviewer-Based

System.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 148

In the Technology Acceptance Model instrument, the grand mean of the

respondent's evaluation is 6.79, with a verbal interpretation of "Very

Acceptable." The evaluation found that all of the instrument's criteria had a

verbal interpretation of "Very Acceptable," indicating that the system is

designed to meet the demands of the users and is ready for deployment.

4. The respondents’ assessments of perceived usefulness,

perceived ease of use, and attitudes toward the usage of the Certification

Reviewer-Based System if there are significant differences show the

following

The Cronbach's alpha value represents the measure's internal

consistency. Cronbach's alpha = 0.872 is good in terms of internal consistency

and reliability of responses in the criterion and indicators of Perceived

Usefulness. Cronbach's alpha = 0.860 is good in terms of internal consistency

and reliability of responses in the criterion and indicators of Perceived Ease of

Use. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0.850, which is good in terms of

internal consistency and reliability of responses in the criterion and indicators

of Attitude Towards Using.

5. The challenges, issues, and recommendations suggested by the

respondent.

The respondents did not encounter any challenges as the certification

reviewer-based system runs as expected. The respondents encountered a few

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 149

issues during the evaluation. They are more focused on how the reviewer-

based system looks. Through the addition of as many question banks as

possible. explaining the functionality of the system. and developing an

appealing design interface.

Conclusions

Based on the summary of findings, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. The Certification Reviewer-Based System Using a Technology

Acceptance Model is Very Acceptable to the three groups of respondents in

terms of Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), and

Attitude Toward Using (ATU).

2. The three groups of respondents profess the same evaluations on the

level of acceptability of the Certification Reviewer-Based System Using a

Technology Acceptance Model.

3. All respondents profess Very Acceptable on the level of acceptability of

the Certification Reviewer-Based System Using a Technology Acceptance

Model.

4. There is the internal consistency of no significant differences in the

assessment of respondents' perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and

attitudes toward the usage of the Certification Reviewer-Based System

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 150

5. During the initial test run of the reviewer-based system, the researcher

noticed various faults, including unresponsive buttons on the prototype web-

based system and incomplete interfaces for its categories. Following the

prototype's modifications and adjustments, the researcher next moved on to

evaluating the reviewer-based approach.

Respondents experienced minor complications during the evaluation

process. The IT Practitioner respondent's initial complaint was that the

language on the choice's checkbox was not aligned with the letters, although it

was still useful for evaluating. Other responders provide suggestions such as

GUI enhancement and a catchy background or feature, even though practically

all functions are excellent. Another offer is to give them pre-instructions before

they begin the exam. More graphics, animations, UI themes, and color are also

causing challenges for IT Instructors-respondents. They want a visually

appealing user interface. Students who responded to the survey have no

complaints about the system.

Recommendations

As gathered from the findings and conclusions of this study as well as from

the respondents, the following are recommended:

1. More tools like Certification Reviewer-Based System may be aggressively

implemented by the Far Eastern University - Institute of Technology to better

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 151

equip its students with the digital challenges brought about by the new normal

in higher education.

2. Far Eastern University - Institute of Technology particularly the College of

Computer Studies' Bachelor of Information Technology program may be

enhanced by the introduction/implementation of the Certification Reviewer-

Based System while the country’s entire education system is transitioning to

the new normal.

3. To avoid occurrences of problems and difficulty in use, there should be a

thorough demonstration on how to use the Certification Reviewer-Based

System to achieve the system’s intended function to be perceived usefulness,

perceive ease of use, and attitude towards usage.

4. It is advised that the next researcher doing this kind of study consider the

web application's aesthetic appeal to increase users' interest.

5. The researcher urges the reviewer-based system will be evaluated by

non-FEU Institute of Technology respondents.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 152

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 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 161

APPENDIX A
Far Eastern University – Institute of Technology
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CURRICULUM 2019 – 2020
FIRST YEAR
First Trimester
Course Lec Lab Credit
Course Title Units Units Units
Pre-requisite
Code
GED0009 Readings in Phil History 3 0 3
CCS0001/
Introduction to Computing (Lec) 2 1 3
CCS0001L

CCS0003/
Computer Programming 1 (Lec/Lab) 2 1 3
CCS0003L
NSTP1 National Service Training Program 1 (3) 0 (3)
GED0004 Physical Education 1 3 0 3
GED0011 Science, Technology and Society 3 0 3
GED0085 Gender and Society 3 0 3
18
Total 16(3) 2
(3)
Second Trimester
GED0006 Personal and Prof Effectiveness 2 0 2
GED0001 Specialized English 1 3 0 3
CCS0005/
Intro to Human Computer Interaction 2 1 3 Introduction to Computing
CCS0005L

CCS0007/
Computer Programming 2 (Lec/Lab) 2 1 3 Computer Programming 1
CCS0007L
NSTP2 National Service Training Program 2 (3) 0 (3) NSTP 1
GED0015 Physical Education 2 3 0 3 Physical Education 1
GED0027 Mathematics in the Modern World 3 0 3
IT0001 IT Spec 1 (Basic Int Des-WMA/SMBA)
0 1 1
IT0003 IT Spec 1 (Visual Graphics - DA, AGD)
Total 15(3) 3 18(3)
Third Trimester
GED0007 Art Appreciation 3 0 3
GED0035 The Contemporary World 3 0 3
GED0021 Specialized English 2 3 0 3 Specialized English 1
GED0023 Physical Education 3 3 0 3 Physical Education 2
CCS0105 Professional Development 1 0 1 Pers and Prof Effect
GED0039 Applied Statistics 3 0 3 Math in the Modern World
IT0059 IT Spec 2 (Adv Int Des - WMA, SMBA) IT Spec 1 (Basic Interface Des)
0 1 1 IT Spec 1 (Visual Graphics)
IT0061 IT Spec 2 (Digital Illust - DA, AGD)
IT0017 Discrete Mathematics 3 0 3 Math in the Modern World
Total 19 1 20
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 162

SECOND YEAR
First Trimester
Course Lec Lab Credit Pre-requisite/
Course Title Units Units Units
Code Co-Requisite
GED0031 Purposive Communication 3 0 3 Specialized English 2
CCS0015/ Computer Programming
Data Structures and Algo (Lec/Lab) 2 1 3
CCS0015L 2

GED0081/ Science Tech and

Science 1 2 1 3
GED0081L Society
IT0019 Quanti Methods (incl Model and Simul) 3 0 3 Applied Statistics
IT0043/ Intro to Computing to
Web Design with Client Side Scripting 2 1 3
IT0043L HCI

CCS0023/ Computer Programming

Object-Oriented Program (Lec/Lab) 2 1 3
CCS0023L 2
Total 14 4 18
Second Trimester
IT0025 Social and Professional Issues 3 0 3 Personal and Prof Effect

CCS0101 Design Thinking 3 0 3 Intro to HCI

IT0063 IT Spec 3 (Adv Web Design - WMA) WebDes w/ Client Side

Script
IT0065 IT Spec 3 (Service Culture - SMBA) 3 0 3 Spec English 2
IT0067 IT Spec 3 (3D Design 1 - DA, AGD) Dig Illustration

IT0069 IT Spec 4 (Fund of Bus Analytics )

Applied Statistics
IT0071 IT Spec 4 (Game Studies - AGD) 3 0 3
Digital Illustration
IT0101 IT Spec 4 (Multimedia Publishing - DA)

IT0119/ Data Structures and

Information Management 2 1 3
IT0119L Algorithm
IT0011 Integrative Programming and Tech 3 0 3 OOP
Total 17 1 18
Third Trimester
Introduction to
IT0013 Networking 1 3 0 3
Computing
IT Spec 5 (Fund of Data Mngt -
IT0075 Fund of Buss Analytics
SMBA)
IT0077 3 0 3 3D Design 1
IT Spec 5 (3D Design 2 - DA, AGD)
IT0079 Int Program and Tech
IT Spec 5 (Mob App Dev 1)

IT0081 Service Culture

IT Spec 6 (Principles of Sys Thinking)
/IT0081L Game Studies, OOP,
IT Spec 6 (Game Des 1 - AGD)
IT0083/IT0083L 2 1 3 3D Design 1
IT0085/IT0085L IT Spec 6 (Vid Prod - DA)
Digital Photography
IT0087/IT0087L IT Spec 6 (Business Process - WMA)
Information Management

CCS0103 Technoprenuership 3 0 3 Design Thinking

IT0009 Fundamentals of Database Systems 3 0 3 Information Management
GED0019 Understanding the Self 3 0 3 None
Total 17 1 18
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 163

THIRD YEAR
Course Lec Lab Credit Pre-requisite/
Course Title Units Units Units
Code Co-Requisite
First Trimester
IT0015 Networking 2 3 0 3 Networking 1

IT Spec 7 (Fund of Analytics Mdl - Fund of Ent Data Mngt,

IT0089
SMBA) Princ of System Thinking
IT0091 3 0 3
IT Spec 7 (3D Animation - DA, AGD) 3D Design 2
IT0093
IT Spec 7 (Mobile App Dev 2 - WMA) MobApp Devt 1

IT0037 System Analysis and Design 3 0 3 Information Management

GED0043 GE Elective 2 3 0 3
CCS0043/ Information Mngt
App Dev and Emerging Tech 2 1 3
CCS0043L WebDes w/ Client Side

GED0083/
Science 2 2 1 3 College Physics 1
GED0083L
Total 16 2 18
Second Trimester offer 3T212

IT0095 IT Spec 8 (Analy Tools and Tech - SMBA) Fund of Enterprise Data Mngt
IT0097 IT Spec 8 (Fund of BPO1 - SMBA) Service Culture
IT0099 IT Spec 8 (Game Design 2 - AGD) 3 0 3 Game Design 1, 3D Design 2
IT0073 IT Spec 8 (Dig Photography - DA) Digital Illustration
IT0103 IT Spec 8 (Networking 3 - WMA) Networking 2

Professional
GED0061 Ethics 3 0 3
Development
IT0049 IT Elective ( Web System Technologies) 3 0 3 App Dev and Emerg Tech
IT0005 Information Assurance & Security 1 3 0 3 Networking 1
SysAD, Game Design 1 (AGD)
SysAD, Ana Modelng (SMBA)
IT0039 IT Project Management 3 0 3 SysAD, 3D Animation
(DA)
SysAD, Mob App Devt 1 (WMA)
System Analysis &
IT0023 System Integration & Architecture 1 3 0 3
Design
Total 18 0 18
Third Trimester
GED0049 Life’s and Works of Rizal 3 0 3 None
IT0027 Capstone Proj 1 (WMA, SMBA, AGD) IT ProMan,
3 0 3
IT0115 Capstone Project 1 (DA) Sys Int & Arch 1
IT0007 Information Assurance & Security 2 3 0 3 Info Assurance & Sec 1
GED0073 GE ELECTIVE 3 3 0 3
Fund of Analytics Modeling,
IT0105 IT Spec 9 (SMBA) Analytics Tools and
IT0107 IT Spec 9 (Fund of BPO2 - SMBA) Techniques
IT0109 IT Spec 9 (Game Des & Prod - AGD) 3 0 3 Fundamentals of BPO 1
IT0111 IT Spec 9 (Adv 3D Animation - DA) Game Design 2
IT0113 IT Spec 9 (Networking 4 - WMA) 3D Animation
Networking 3
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 164

Total 15 0 15

FOURTH YEAR
First Trimester
Lec Lab Credit Pre-requisite/ Co-
Course Code Course Title Units Units Units Requisite
IT0055 IT Elective 5 (System Int and Arch) 3 0 3 System Int & Arch 1

IT0029 Capstone Project 2 (for WMA, SMBA)

IT0117 Capstone Project 2 (for AGD) 3 0 3 Capstone Project 1
IT0127 Capstone Project 2 (for DA)

App Dev and Emerg

IT0053 IT Elective 4 (Emerge Tech in Comp) 1 0 1
Tech
IT0057
IT Elective 6 (Certification Exam) 0 0 0 Capstone Project 1
IT0121

GED0047 Foreign Language 3 0 3

IT0021 System Admin and Maintenance 3 0 3 System Int & Arch 1
App Devt and Emerging
IT0041 E-Commerce with Digital Marketing 3 0 3 Tech
Introduction To
IT0035 Applied Operating System 2 1 3
Computing
Total 18 1 19
Second Trimester
Capstone Project 2
IT0031 Internship 1 (520 Hours) 9 0 9
Social and Prof Issues
IT0051 IT Elective (HCI 2) 3 0 3 Intro to HCI (Lec/Lab)

Total 12 0 12
Third Trimester
IT0033 Internship 2 (520 Hours) 9 0 9 Internship 1 (520 Hours)
Introduction to
IT0047 IT Elective 1(Platform Technologies) 3 0 3
Computing
Total 12 0 12

TOTAL 204
189 15 204
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 165

APPENDIX B

QUESTIONNAIRE

EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE ACCEPTABILITY OF THE

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A CERTIFICATION REVIEWER-BASED
SYSTEM USING A TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL

Name (optional): ____________________________________________

School/Company/Govt. Agency: ________________________________
Course/Position/Designation: __________________________________
Age: _____________________ Gender: _________________________

The researcher is presently evaluating a Certification Reviewer-Based System's Development and

Evaluation using a Technology Acceptance Model. Enumerated below are its quality characteristics like
Perceived use (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), and User Acceptance (UA) based on the Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM). Kindly assess the acceptability of these items by checking the appropriate
column corresponding to your answers. Please use the following scale to rate how acceptable the System
is in reviewing in preparing for your IT certification exams.
7 – Very Acceptable (VA)
6 – Acceptable (A)
5 – Slightly Acceptable (SA)
4 – Neither
3 – Slightly Not Acceptable (SNA)
2 – Not Acceptable (NA)
1 – Extremely Unacceptable (EU)

VA A SA Neither SNA NA EU

Perceived Usefulness 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
(PU)

1. Using the System in my

review helps me to
accomplish tasks more
quickly
2. Using the System
improves my performance
in the review
3. Using the System
enhances my
effectiveness in a review
4. Using the System
makes it easier for my
review
5. I find the System helpful
in my review
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 166

VA A SA Neither SNA NA EU

Perceived Ease of Use 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

(PEOU)

6. Learning to operate the

System has been easy
for me
7. I find it easy to get the
System to do what I
want it to do
8. My interaction with the
System is clear and
understandable
9. I find the System to be
flexible to interact with
10. It is easy for me to
become skillful in using
the System

VA A SA Neither SNA NA EU

Attitude Toward Using 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

(ATU)

11. Using the System in

preparation for
assessment is good.
12. Using the System in
preparation for
assessment is favorable.
13. It is a positive
influence for me to use
the System in preparation
for the assessment
14. I think it is valuable to
use the System in
preparation for
assessment.
15. I think it is a trend to
use systems in
preparation for
assessment.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 167

APPENDIX C

LETTER FOR QUESTIONNAIRE VALIDATION

P. Paredes, Sampaloc,
City of Manila

May 16, 2022

Roman M. De Angel, DIT
Authorized IT Certification Facilitator
Far Eastern University – Institute of Technology
City of Manila

Dear Dr. De Angel,

Greetings!

The undersigned is currently working on his dissertation entitled “The

Development and Evaluation of a Certification Reviewer-Based System Using
a Technology Acceptance Model”. In view of this, may I request your valuable
assistance in validating the attached questionnaire?

Your expertise, precious time, and effort shared in this research undertaking
are very much appreciated. More power and God bless!

Yours sincerely

Yours sincerely:
(SGD) Juan Paulo H. Magcuyao
Graduate Student

Recommended by:
(SGD) Ma. Eugenia M. Yangco, Ph. D.
Dissertation Adviser

Conforme:
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 168

(SGD) Roman M. De Angel

IT Certification Facilitator

APPENDIX D

Letter of Request to Conduct a Study

P. Paredes, Sampaloc,
City of Manila

May 16, 2022

Dr. Benson T. Tan, PhD
Senior Executive Director
Far Eastern University – Institute of Technology
City of Manila

Thru: Dr. Ace C. Lagman, DIT

Director, Information Technology Department

Dear Dr. Tan,

Greetings!

The undersigned is currently working on his dissertation entitled “The Development and
Evaluation of a Certification Reviewer-Based System Using a Technology Acceptance Model”.
In view of this,
I would like to request your good office to allow me to conduct the above-mentioned study in
Far Eastern University – Institute of Technology. My intended participants will be Information
Technology students enrolled in the school year 2021-2022.

Your approval to conduct the study will be highly appreciated. Rest assured that any
information about my study will be kept confidential. I am anticipating for your favorable
response. More power and God bless!

Sincerely yours,

Juan Paulo H. Magcuyao

Graduate Student

Noted by:
(SGD) Ma. Eugenia M. Yangco, Ph. D.
Dissertation Adviser

Received:
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 169

Dr. Ace C. Lagman, DIT

Director, Information Technology Department

APPENDIX E

Interview Guide for Instructors & Practitioners

Name (Optional): School

Position/Designation Years of Stay

1. How long you have been teaching any subjects that have certification examinations?
__________ 1-2 years
__________ 3-5 years
__________ More than 5 years

2. In handling subject/s with certification examinations, have you ever experienced using
an intervention system for your students?
__________ Yes
__________ No

3. Kindly elaborate your answer why you have or why you do not have an intervention
system in teaching any subjects that have certification examinations?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

4. Do you have experience of teaching any subjects that have certification examinations?
If yes or no, please discuss your answer
__________ Yes
__________ No

5. What is your assessment in a certification reviewer-based system in terms of Perceived

Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), and Attitude Towards Using (ATU)?
Please elaborate.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

6. What are the problems/difficulties you have encountered in using a certification

reviewer-based system?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

7. Would you recommend an intervention material system in teaching subject/s with

certification examinations?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 170

_______________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX F

Interview Guide for Students

Name (Optional): Age

Year Gender

1. Do you have difficulty in passing IT certification? (Yes or No)

__________ Yes
__________ No

2. What certification examination have you already took or about to take?

__________
__________

3. Discuss your experience why you have encountered difficulty in passing the
certification.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

4. Based on your experiences, are you interested to have a reviewer-based system of the
certification exam you are planning to take? (Yes or No)
__________ Yes
__________ No

5. Do you think reviewer-based system is helpful in preparing for certification?

(Yes or No)
__________ Yes
__________ No

6. If your answer is yes/no, please support your answer.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

7. Would you recommend a reviewer-based system to your friends and classmate?

(Yes or No)
__________ Yes
__________ No

8. If your answer is yes/no in the above question, please support your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 171

APPENDIX G

Data Analysis
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 172
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 173

APPENDIX H

Letter of Consent to the Respondents

Good day!

The researcher is presently evaluating a Certification Reviewer-Based System's Design

and Evaluation using a Technology Acceptance Model. Enumerated below are its quality
characteristics like Perceived use (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), and User Acceptance (UA)
based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

Kindly assess the acceptability of these items by checking the appropriate column
corresponding to your answers. Please use the following scale to rate how acceptable the
System is in reviewing in preparing for your IT certification exams.

I would like to ask for your consent to participate as one of our survey respondents.
Rest assured that the data and information gathered will be used for academic purposes only.

Thank you.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 174

APPENDIX I

Transcript of Interview

(Exam Facilitator - Predevelopment)

Participants Legend Role / Position

Juan Paulo H. Magcuyao JP Researchers

Dr. Roman M. De Angel DR Client

JP: Good Afternoon po sir.

DR: Good Afternoon sir

JP: Sir nagpameeting po ako para masagot po yung mga questions ko about
certification review.

DR: Sure sure no problem, bali ano yung questions mo?

JP: Sa tingin nyo po ba makaka tulong po ang Reviewer Based System sa inyo
sa pagrereview ng certification?

DR: Oo makakatulong sa akin ang Reviewer Based System at sa iba pang mag
take ng certification examination dahil mas mapapadali nito ang pag rereview
ng mga examinees using a simulation system like that. For the IT practioners
na gustong magka certifications for possible promotions and increase in their
salaries, mas madali silang makakapasa. Sa mga IT companies na may mga
employees na certified, mas magiging productive sila dahil sa kanilang
competitiveness.

JP: susunod na question sir, Ano sa tingin niyo ang isa sa mga problemang na
encounter niyo pagdating sa pag coconduct ng mga certification review sa mga
estudyante?
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 175

DR: I guess with regards to this ano, isa sa mga problema namin is yung pag
dedetermine kung saang parts ng assessment sila mahina. Ito kasi talaga yung
isa sa factor na kinoconsider namin pag dating coconduct ng certification
reviews ng mga estudyante. Gusto namin para ma guarantee na lahat ng
students ay papasa, and yung pag assess namin kung areas and topics na
kung saan mahihina ang mga bata ay nakakatulong sa pagbibigay namin ng
tamang supporta sa kanila pagdating sa paghahanda sa mga certifications.

JP - This is noted sir, para sa susunod na tanong po. Sa tingin niyo ba

makakatulong ang ganitong klaseng system sa mga estudyante, and if so
anong pwedeng maging impact nito sa kanila?

DR - So definitely ano, makakatulong ito sa mga students kasi nabibigyan sila

ng pagkakataon na malaman kung anong mga topics ang kailangan pagtuunan
ng pansin, at the same time nga katulad ng sabi ko kanina mas ma guiguide
namin sila sa paghahanda nila.

JP - Ok po sir, So para naman sa susunod na tanong sir, para sainyo sir ano
yung mga data or mga views ang gusto niyo makita sa isang review system?

DR - For me the main thing that needs to be include is ano, mainly data and
status of each student. Kasi that is one of the main thing that we are trying
monitor diba, yung status ng bawat student with regards to their preparedness
to take the certification, gusto natin lahat ng students ay prepared and meron
mataas na level ng aptitude in terms of answering the certifications. So going
back to your question, we really want to see where the students are in terms of
preparedness.

JP - Thank you sir, siguro with regards to this maitatanong ko na lang din sana
sir, anong examples ng mga information ang para sainyo malaki ang
maitutulong sa pag aaccomplish ng initial goal na nabanggit natin kanina na
makapag bigay ng guidance sa mga estudyante?

DR - So as stated earlier ano, examples of the data na malaki ang magiging

impact is for one is kung anong mga topics sa mga certifications ang maraming
mababa para ma access kung may mga pwede pang intervention na pwedeng
gawin para mas maintindihan ng students yung topic na iyon. Another example
ng information din is ang passing rate ng bawat batch of students taking the
certification review, importante din ito para ma access namin kung nakaka
tulong nga ba ang mga tutorials and interventions na ginagawa namin para sa
bawa’t students. So This two ano are the main things that we are putting into
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 176

consideration when handling the certification review ng bawa’t batch na

dumadaan saamin.

JP - Again sir this is noted, So yun na muna siguro for now po sir. I believe
nakuha na namin lahat ng kailangan namin for now. Maraming salamat ulit doc
roman sa pag bibigay ng oras na makapanayam ka.

DR - Walang anuman, Salamat din.

After the Reviewer-Based System was finished the researcher conducted

the interview again with the client.

JP: Good Morning Dr. Roman have you seen and tested the reviewer system?

DR: Yes sir! As I noticed lahat nang nasabi ko regarding sa system design and
the important details na makikita agad sa system ay nandun naman kaya good
job. Pagandahin mo na lang soon.

JP: Yes doc, Thank you so much that you agreed to the design of the system.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 177

APPENDIX J

Transcript of Interview

(Student Respondents - Predevelopment)

Participants Legend Role / Position

Juan Paulo H. Magcuyao JP Researchers

Student S Interviewee

JP: Good afternoon!

S: Good afternoon po, sir!

JP: So nagpainterview lang ako to understand more sa mga nagiging

experience ng students pagdating sa pagtake nila ng certification. Pero short
lang naman ito. Anong year mo na pala?

S: Fourth year po sir.

JP: And ano-ano na yung mga natake mo na certifications? Nakapag-ITS ka

na ba? Yung dating MTA?

S: Yung sa database po sir? Yes po.

JP: So anong naging experience mo before ka magtake ng ITS? Nafeel mo ba

na prepared ka na?

S: To be honest po sir I think that time di ako prepared kasi– alam ko naman
po yung mga basic ideas sa database po pero sa tingin ko po di ko pa po
namaster yung mga topics. Naaalala ko po that time di ko pa master yung mga
join join tables po. So yun po medyo kinakabahan din po ako noon kasi syempre
ang hirap din bumagsak. Okay lang naman sakin na di po ganun kataas ang
grade pero ang mahirap po baka di pa ako pumasa
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 178

JP: Anong naging outcome?

S: Nakapasa naman po sir, nakapagreview review din po kasi kami ng mga

classmate ko po. Pero sa pagkakaalala ko po may mga di rin po nakapasa noon
and nagbayad pa po sila para makapagretake.

JP: Ah so may reviewer kayong gamit noon?

S: Yes po sir, meron po pero sa pagkakaalala ko po medyo nadelay rin po yung

pagkabigay samin kaya medyo napressure pa nga po kami noon.

JP: Ano ano pa yung mga ginagawa niyo noon para magreview?

S: Ayun po sir minsan nagpapatulong ako kapag di ko ma gets kung bakit

ganun yung kinalabasan ng question po. Lalo na po sa mga join join tables
noon. Actually sir nagqquizlet din po ata ako nun sir, yung parang online
flashcard reviewer po tapos tinatype ko rin po mano mano yung mga questions
sa reviewer kasi dati po yun na rin po gamit ko sa pagrereview since high school
po. Downside lang po is pag need ng diagrams, di po kasi free yung quizlet pag
maglalagay ng pictures po. Kaya di ko po nalalagay kapag need ng table or
pictures po.

JP: So yung pagrereview mo usually is naka digital na?

S: Yes po sir kasi para sakin mas convenient na may nakasave na reviewer na
matic na pong nag qquestionnaire po na tinatanong sayo yung question. Na
parang online exam na rin po

JP: So sa perspective mo, malaking tulong din na may reviewer kayo?

S: Opo sir para nagkaidea rin po kami sa kung anong questions na ieexpect po
namin.

JP: Ah to clarify lang no, yung quizlet, mano mano mo pa siya nilalagay sa
quizlet?

S: Yes po sir.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 179

JP: If magkaroon tayo ng system para sa certification reviewer, besides doon

sa pictures, ano pa kaya yung mga feature na makakatulong in your opinion?

S: Siguro po sir yung maviview yung result ng mismong run through mo ng

reviewer. Kasi for example po doon po sa quizlet nafefeedback naman po kung
saan nagkamali, pero di po narerecord yung mismong run mo kung saan ka
nagkamali sa run through mo na yun.

JP: Noted, any other suggestions?

S: Besides po sa pictures and sa feedback po? Wala na naman po so far.

JP: Okay so iyon lang naman so far, thank you for your time

S: Thank you rin po sir!

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 180

APPENDIX K

Transcript of Interview

(Student Respondents - Deployment)

Participants Legend Role / Position

Juan Paulo Magcuyao JP Moderator

Student 1 S1 Interviewee

Student 2 S2 Interviewee

Student 3 S3 Interviewee

Student 4 S4 Interviewee

A period of testing was done first with the student interviewees.

JP: Hello guys, are you able to hear me na?

All: Yes po, loud and clear.

JP: Yan, thank you sa response. So feel free to share your thoughts and opinions
dahil wala namang right or wrong answers dito. Kukunin ko lang opinion niyo.
So start tayo kay Student1, ano yung naging challenges or issues na naencounter
mo within the system?

S1: Para sakin po sir, okay naman po siya.

JP: Okay, and sayo Student2?

S2: Ah sakin din po sir okay naman po. Wala naman pong bugs.
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 181

S3: (raises hand) Siguro po sir ang masusuggest ko lang po is ano– napansin ko
po kasi na paulit-ulit po yung mga questions.

S2: Ay opo sir.

S3: Baka po mamemorize kasi ng magtatake yung pagkakasunod-sunod po ng

answers so yun po if ever dapat ma-randomize po yung question bank po. Para
talagang mareview po ng nagtatake po.

JP: Okay, how about for Student4?

S4: Ah same concern lang din po kay Student3 sir. Sana may option po na ma-
randomize yung mga questions po. Yung parang sa ano po–

S3: Ay yung parang sa Canvas no?

S4: Oo yun, yung naiiba minsan yung questions pag nagtatake po ng formative.
Nararandomize. And di siya same set of questions para maraming terms po yung
narereview po.

JP: Okay. Any other concerns?

S4: Ah sakin po sir? Wala na po.

JP: And sa inyo rin?

S2: Yes po.

S3: Opo sir, besides dun wala na rin po akong naencounter na problem po.

JP: Okay, so how about recommendations, may mairerecommend pa ba kayo sa

system? Start ulit tayo kay Student1.

S1: Ano po sir, siguro yung question bank dagdagan po. Para ayun po, katulad ng
sabi po kanina para di siya same set of questions po.

JP: Okay. And sayo Student2?

S2: Ayun po, same lang din po.

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 182

S3: (raises hand) Ay sir, okay lang po magdagdag?

JP: Yes, go ahead.

S3: Yun po yung parang sinabi din kanina doon po sa question bank. Yung parang
sa Canvas din po na di lang siya nakarandomize, malaki din yung pool of
questions na pagpipilian kaya di talaga siya nagiging same set of questions.

S2: Ay oo.

S3: Kasi po minsan nararandomize yung questions, yung 1-20 yan yung tinanong
pero nakarandomize, pero iba naman po yun sa talagang iba na yung set of
questions, like from 1-4 nakita mo na yung question na yun pero yung fifth, or
seventh ganun bago na yung question sa paningin ganun sir.

JP: Yes, yes, I see. So sayo naman Student4? Any more recommendations?

S4: None po sir, yun na rin po yung nasabi na rin kanina.

JP: Okay, so iyon lang naman for today. Thank you for your time and cooperation
guys. See you ulit sa next meeting.

All: Thank you po sir!

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 183

APPENDIX L

Transcript of Interview

(Instructor/Practitioner Respondents - Deployment)

Participants Legend Role / Position

Juan Paulo Magcuyao JP Moderator

Instructor 1 I1 Interviewee

Instructor 2 I2 Interviewee

Instructor 3 I3 Interviewee

Practitioner 1 P1 Interviewee

Practitioner 2 P2 Interviewee

Practitioner 3 P3 Interviewee

A period of testing was done first with both instructor and practitioner
respondents.

JP: So good afternoon ulit to everyone.

All: Good afternoon sir.

JP: So following that, I wanted to ask if may mga naencounter kayong problems
or issues, or kung may other recommendations kayo about the system.

P1: May I answer that po to start?

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 184

JP: Yes po.

P1: So ang isang issue– ah minor change lang naman ito pero yung text doon sa
checkbox doon sa choices, di kasi siya nakaalign sa letters.

JP: Ah, okay po.

P1: Yes, but overall, besides that, okay naman, I think magiging effective naman
talaga itong system for reviewing the students. So iyon na rin yung main
recommendation ko.

JP: Okay po sir, and for you sir P2?

P2: Ah I think similar lang din sa sinabi kanina, para sakin GUI enhancement na
lang naman. No other issues. Because I think all the functionalities, features are
superb.

JP: So sir more of GUI enhancement na rin yung recommendation niyo po for
the system?

P2: Yes, ah siguro gamit pa ng graphics, animations. Maybe use appealing theme
for user interface, and colors. Yun lang naman po.

JP: Okay, how about you po sir P3?

P3: Okay, so overall the system is great. It’s ah very easy to navigate and
understand the features. Pero, ah para na rin ito sa recommendations, ah user
interface rin. It should apply an attractive design. And try to add a catchy
background or ah any sort of feature na maeexcite yung mga students na gamitin
yung system, especially because they will be the one to use it.

JP: Okay po sir, noted po.

JP: So sa inyo po sir I1, any concerns po?

I1: Hmm. I think na the system should ah offer other variants– variations of
question formatting. Because napansin ko na yung type ng question sa system is
ah– may specific term na ginamit doon sa system eh.

JP: Yung multiple choice single answer po?

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 185

I1: Yes, yung multiple choice single answer. But for example, sa Netacad, there
are other variations of questions as well such as yung mga dina drag & drop. Or
just plain and simple ano, identification siguro. So that’s what I recommend, use
other variations or format of the questions. Para matest talaga ang skills ng bata.

JP: Okay po, so for you miss I2?

I2: Ah yes siguro I would recommend na lakihan ng konti yung font size so users
can see, they can read the text better. To make it more accessible lang if ever
because the system itself is very useful.

JP: Okay po.

I2: And to add lang din as recommendation, maybe make it part of the
demonstration, yung pag-adjust ng font size.

JP: Okay. So lastly, how about you po sir I3?

I3: Okay, so ayun, ah the system should be light and easy to navigate so that the
user can easily adapt to the use of that system and how to navigate it. Ah and
namention din kanina yung ano no, yung demonstration?

JP: Yes po.

I3: So another step further would be to create a user manual para may guide sa
mga magiging users ng system. If they want a quick reference makikita nila agad
doon kung anong gagawin.

JP: Okay, noted po. Are there any other concerns or suggestions po?

I2: Wala na po on my end.

P3: Same here.

I1: Yes, wala na rin sakin.

JP: Okay, so thank you everyone.

All: (overlapping) Thank you! Salamat!

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 186

CURRICULUM VITAE

Juan Paulo Hilario Magcuyao

magcuyaojph@[Link] / magcuyaojph@[Link]
Blk 3 Lot 21 Woodlands Drive Subdivision, Malanday,
Valenzuela City, Philippines
0922-837-11-22 / 0927-508-41-44

Personal Information:
Birthday : May 16, 1979
Civil Status : Married
Nationality : Filipino
Name of Spouse : Franz Joey L. Magtalas

Education:

Graduate Studies: Rizal Technological University

Mandaluyong City
Doctor of Philosophy in Technology Education
2022

Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Manila
Master of Science in Information Technology
May 2012

College: AMA Computer University

Quezon City
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
2001

Work Experience
Far Eastern University – Institute of Technology
Professor –Full Time May 2014 to present
Professor – Part Time June 2012 - May 2014

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Formerly National Computing Institute
Diliman, Quezon City
Lecturer – Part Time June 2013 - 2017

Far Eastern University – Diliman

Diliman, Quezon City
Instructor – Part Time Instructor January 2011 - May 2014

Our Lady of Fatima University – Valenzuela City Campus

Valenzuela City
Instructor – Part Time Instructor January 2011 - October 2011
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL 187

AMA Computer University – Quezon City Campus

Villa Arca Subdivision, Proj. 8, Quezon City
Instructor – Full Time Instructor May 2008 - January 29, 2012

AMA Computer Learning Center – San Jose del Monte Branch

Carriedo St. Muzon, City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan
Instructor – Full Time June 2007 - April 2008

School of Our Lady of La Salette

Mt. View Subdivision, Malanday, Valenzuela City
Computer Instructor June 2002 – June 2007

Awards, License and Certification

Fortinet – NSE 1 and 2 Network Security Associate

Certification Number - koC0JvTz5J / nRl0kBuBqb
May 8, 2020

Microsoft Technology Associate – Network Fundamentals

Verification Code - wqrRM-22TP
November 17, 2020

Microsoft Technology Associate - Security Fundamentals

Verification Code – DBmz-XLRJ
April 20, 2018

CompTIA Security +
Certificate Number: COMP001020985791
August 20, 2016

Cisco Certified Academy Instructor

Date of Release: October 20, 2010

Cisco Certified Network Associate

Certificate Number: 237972040
Date of Release: October 17, 2010

TESDA Certification – NC II (Computer Hardware Servicing)

Date of Release: June 25, 2009

TESDA Certification - TVET Qualified Trainers/Assessors (TQ1 / AQ1)

Certificate Number: 080303024265
Date of Release: February 4, 2008

TESDA Certification – NC II (PC Operation)

Certificate Number: 070303023981
Date of Release: November 21, 2007

TESDA Certification – Trainers Methodology / Assessors Methodology

Certificate Number: 03-0307-080
Date of Release: November 16, 2007

Civil Service Commission – Career Service Professional

Certificate Number: 13040254
Date of Release: January 8, 2003