Apertur
e
what is
‘EXPOSURE’ ?
'Exposure is the amount of
light you introduce to film
or an image sensor.'
This then determines what is
actually recorded, to
create a photographic image
The Results of Exposure
Normal
Over Exposure
Under Exposure
There are three adjustable elements that
control the exposure…
ISO, Aperture and Shutter Speed.
This is the
Exposure triangle
The Aperture is a
hole over the lens
Aper t ur
that lets in light. e
A camera's aperture
setting, controls the
area which allows
light to pass
through
your camera lens.
Your pupil does Dark conditions, pupils
Light conditions,
the same thing. gets larger to let in more pupils gets smaller
light to let in less light
Aperture is
Aper t ur
measured in ‘F-
stops’.
e
F stands for
‘Focal’
These are seen
as a series of
numbers with an
‘f’ in front
e.g f2.8, f5.6, f22 When you change from one aperture to the next it is called
moving down/up a 'stop'
Aper t ur
e
More light Less light
Is there anything you notice?
Aper t ur
e
More light Less light
small number = large aperture big
number = small aperture
You need to have your camera in 'Aperture priority' mode.
You control the aperture, the camera will automatically adjusts the shutter.
Practise changing the aperture - what is the aperture range on your camera?
Or any other make
Aper t ur e & Dept h of
f iel d(DOF)
Depth of Field (DOF)is the
distance between the nearest
and the furthest objects that
appears 'sharp' or 'in focus'
The DOF is controlled by the
aperture.
It also is dependant on what
you are focusing on.
Aperture & Depth of field(DOF)
Focal point is sharp, background is
blurred
Depth of Field (DOF)is SHALLOW DOF (small number)
the distance between
the nearest and the
furthest objects that
appears 'sharp' or 'in
focus'
Shallow, Small, Narrow DOF
Deep, Large, Wide DOF
Everything in focus
WIDE DOF (large number)
Aperture & Depth of field(DOF)
Depth of Field (DOF)is Focal point is sharp, background is blurred
SHALLOW DOF (small number)
the distance between
the nearest and the
furthest objects that
appears 'sharp' or 'in
focus'
Shallow, Small, Narrow DOF
Deep, Large, Wide DOF
Everything in focus
WIDE DOF (large number)
Aperture & Depth of field(DOF)
Subject in focus(flowers) Everything in focus
Blurred background
Aperture & Depth of field(DOF)
Are these wide, medium or narrow DOF?
What do you think the aperture settings are?
Practise using different aperture settings
Have a go a t
canons camera
Create a series of photographs that show narrow and wide depth of field. You are simulator
aiming for one thing in focus with a blurry background and everything in focus.
Objects in a line, people, faces, flowers.
Add notes about the exposure triangle
Make a note of the aperture range on your camera.
Try HINT
dista adjustin :
wh nce to g
n e you st the your
Upload your photoshoot to folder 'DOF photo shoot' PPT is op up subje
easier for presenting final images and ct
dow
Images should be jpeg or png format Add to onenote n
An independent creative approach that shows application of camera settings and composition. Added detailed notes
to explain why you might change the aperture settings when taking different photos.
watch a youtube clip about DOF.
SHUTTER SPEED
Shutter speed is the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes.
A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure , the amount of light the
camera takes in ,and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a
longer exposure.
A shutter speed of 1/60 of means the shutter opens and closes in one-sixtieth of a
second. The fastest shutter speed in most digital cameras is 1/4000
What is a good shutter speed?
It's my experience that many portrait photographers prefer using faster shutter
speeds when taking portrait photos. While 1/125 sec should suffice depending on
the lighting conditions, a safe starting point would be 1/250 sec or faster.
Shutter Speed
ISO
Almost all cameras have the ability to
change the ISO setting.
Auto ISO, the camera will look at the
amount of light in the scene and change
the ISO appropriately so that the shutter
speed doesn’t get too slow.
Manual ISO settings
ISO 50-100. Suitable for bright light (like outdoors
on a sunny day).
ISO 200. Great for overcast or cloudy days.
ISO 400 and 800. Use these values when the light
is getting dim but it is not yet night.
ISO 1600 and above. Use for indoor or night shots.
Also useful to freeze the action in sports shots.
These values will produce the most noise.
ISO and Noise
Image noise is the by-product of using a high ISO
setting on your digital SLR camera — it is also
often called "grain".
When a photo has image noise, areas of color that
should look smooth have a mottled or speckled
appearance.
The higher the ISO setting the more noise
introduced into the picture.
At 400 ISO you may begin to see noise.
ISO Noise Comparison
ISO 100 ISO 200
ISO 400 ISO 800
Exposure Triangle
Exposure Triangle