» : = " Page b = & Hip 4 o- arenes BR 2 i The replacement ef hydregen atomys) [mn air ateiphetrc pr Qiomatce hydrocarbon hy hologer. ae atom ($) resutts Im the formanhon of alkyd hatide Ee I hetececene) and ary hatcde ( hatecrene). respect - J = Tveug * _ Classification _* ib | 1. | on tne basis of mumber of Hatogen atoms ! r c : r @ Ponosubstideud haloatkane and hatlocrenes + Fr T 2h: ctace mae | cHyct et aa Dr-substitued heloatkane and hatloaranes + Gk cL CH,~ CH CHa~CL nN Hl ! ON na Set 2 Di-secbstitutecl hatoatkanes Can be further Classifrecl as = Gem—- ddhateele tohen boli the x-aiom are attached +o same Catbon . ct CH. eC Ethyledene chloride - Ht 6b Albutidene hatide— ‘ H Date Page No. ¢ Hh = — = 4 (id utc - dchate'de _4 luohen the two x =atoms are atliacned te theg | adfecent carbon 4 Lacy - 4 | CHa ~ ce 4 Lo c ethylene chtorwde 4 7 t : — a b&b Al ulene hateds a - 4 © _| Partysubsaiteted hatootkame ame hatoarene |g 1 4 CH, Br i CH= € ot Tri - hatoatkane : —« "cH - Sr es < l oe | A 7 T LO | —e H i a t a Ch Jaf hetecuene q ben ce a al a ch Chicrofore 4 | on the basis of Hybridrsaivon | : aS 4 ~@ Wx ts aetacned to © Sp% hybrrdrsed Carbon 4 Alm hatede ss = ee oe —— 7 __ « —_—}}—__— —_ 4 _— je 4Date Page No, ® Attulic hatedes when hategen 1S attached fo @ Sp* hybridused carbon tohch fs attacned jo a Sp? | hy brtetesed cetborn. I Hee T i~—t e9. | We = C- C- Br ot eee t a lI -brtme prep -i- ene 7 a SF | ©_| Benrytve hateede + ‘ Me fe Ccebained: to sp? hy bor tavsed eect bow 7 whreh ts attached to an aremeake ring: (every carbon atom i's sp? hyberdrsed_)- I CHa- Br | (CU Remoyubsemrce - ii) | x ts aeeacned fo sp? hybrvettsec| Carton: TUTTI IITTIVTI PPP errr reo O@ | Be Vinyure hatde: [when Xs attached directly to a_ sp? hy borarsed Cerio + 72 = t cH, =e -onDate Page No. Ayyt tatrde lohen x 1’ attached dtreetly te ar omeckuc heb b an urna . Cc fs Sp? hybrrarsecl)+ t oo L S 4 l 4 | [I Chicrebengene - ] : ( Nomenclatue ? ‘ ; ( tb Trivrat nomencitateere * Hl [Alkyl Hatede : jin’ prefix : dy chain of Cc and unbranched CHa CHa CHa CL N= poopy lhlorcde CHaCH, CL : EthyLentorice co CHa Cla CHa CHa T | 1m - butyl to clive '§ more thon (4 iin & crf mamber of ¢ tm? Shoutel be Used - ry ee iSOt i krenia | when second dast C chDate CH3 Page No. ae — ee = CHg~ C ~ CH, ~ Be 15c ~ butyl Iremrde | a CHa —CH = CHa - CHa -F Nofe:! 9n _tavlal momenclatiure we meed to count ate | ! Iso - penkyl fluowrde H. the coibon. “neo’- prefix wohen second test ¢@ 1's attached fe 3 meinyl lQreup . CH3 CHa- C~CH,~ Br f meo - pentyl bronr'ce - TITTITIT TRC re : CH | CH3 5 | @Hg- Cee Deg - butyl chloride | | T r 4 2 Darah icon pte. secondccsy + 5 ] H - + : g-c-[e-a] , | [ , Ee a , { | CHa~ cH — ct gee - poopylchtorrele - ' t or Hy TSo- PROPYL Ehlowae + — CHg -CH3-C- Ba CH coe butyl boomorele +[Date I Page No. © _| tert ttertrary or 3°» I R Rc -[eo 1 fa r cH desk - becky t bre mrcle ate ie Nee or | a mee ~ butyt bromairce ~ H Pils ert: pentyl brontde- CHa CHC = Ba th T - : mn S0- pentyl monrele y 5 H CH if t cH,- CH, - ¢ -F 1 Hetty | tert - hexyl [eecorice - benzena i- i a Tg. dwuntere-benzens + | Uy = or : - AV Chlore benzeneTUPAC homenctatine | | —> | note the pornt fer nomencatue : Plats nar uoe meray > | wowed Sum rete : ! IM cose of = JE preper thom rath than haloge CH = CH, ~ i CH a Q- Chloro buctcne CH, = CH - Ct !- chiore eth-l- ene - - es oe 2 tere Teateene - x sep ep ep ep T7IIIIIIVIV VETTE KEK KK ewww CHs cH Cb gail 1 -Chlore - 1 - phenyl methane A ens bey wv B-byeme- 2-mermyl bud -lend | cue Be z | Ce oo se CHS a ' H [- Ineme- 2- methyl Berl - 2-ene-y le moment - Dipo > CHCL > CH Cle >CHCL3 >CCL — [Pate | : Page No. Nature of C-X Bond i= ' ! ae Halo gen atoms are more elechoneecHtue |{ than Carbon - i => C-X bond ss polar is mature: ' I Meascere of polcurkry 1's dipole moment l pe = dx Ge | ! _ = — 4 —> | More the electronesatevity + greater the polarity, bit ht also depends on distance bepwety them - : i a a 1 of cH-Ce > CHP > CH By > CHa Et : | — —___—__———— > a EN cecieases | Electromegativily of Filecoamne 12 QUEL Var Clrfonin | Rut bend dength of ot Ps _oreetete Than Funnies L Mere 5 band JSengty dominates? = = a 1 7 I f ce Br TFT : Hl rncreasing i. : i _|| Consequently » the C-x bond Uengrr also Increases Fao | Bond Lena| RnCl, Jd required with 42 and 2°alcohols with HCL. B cuwhol do mot need ZnUly . Date Page No. ee | Dethod Of Preparations bf Hatoatkane + Eee From aleohots eg+ Chlorehatoatkane | . CHacH.-OH + Hee Se an Ces cen en + = Bromohatoaleane * © step) | Naps + Comer HeSOe > NaHSCe + HBy » 7] we _@ [oetin tateacras (Hx): © LR-On + x > RX F200 » i we t Fer a given alcehet 3 crder of BecicH yy © | cf Hx Is H-I_ > H-6y > H-¢o © | Yo Bend dissecianen enthacpy + I corte ft bi fenrh . © - oC Tt one fenrh e This ° because OF Jarge srrecF fedine » AR a e Aesutt bord easily break dewn- o re - — — e [Fer a_ given hatogen 3 ordet of reachvity ef R-OH- Poste sESCEEt eli aati s Cneater the ipieetcons a S oe 5 SG cesceve’s Process Hed @crepcii) | CHacH2OH + HBe ——S——+ CHcH Br + Hac dette cis Ue (4) | ® | Todo hatoote ane | © skeet Nal + H,PCg ——*——> Hr_ + Natehoo oi (95%) O siepa-| CHacHaOH + HI ———> CHyCH,T + Heo D (4°) (15) natth NaI} HSOq, S mot cused becatese Nal. of£2 get oxrdsed tmto Te.ee Date ‘ Page No. Bu_the action of phosphors hatedes : 4 6 f 4 CHa-OH + PCIe ———>_CHg-Cl + POCL, + HClg Bon OH + pel, —————> 3CHly CO +_ Hla POs Red P= 7p.75, PCi,/P brs | PTs . G From Hivongl chlorrde s ( Darzen reaction) CHacHaOH + SOCl2 —————* Catt FSo2 + He.€ pretfened beccwse sy thes Thronyt chlowrde Leacton alkyt hetede 1's fowmed atemg tofh gases S02 and Ht + the hvo gases are ebcerpale fe hence» Phe seacHon Qvveg (Pure alkyl hete'des + Prom Hydrocarbons atkanes by free racl’cat hategenathion: from, = Cty OC Pe i i i ap a a ae eg because 1° carbocation fs ess Stabibe than 9° cai bocad ion. | alala®iarm' b eee E : CH3 ae i} T L t CH CH ~ CH + 8% —~ CH37¢ — CH, + CHEH~CH-Br » Ht CH (rmtnor) i 7 fmarery d I : >—B | Crom arpones > H ~©) Addition of hydrogen hatde: (Hx) | i > ; Cho CHS hgh eam CHa —CHs” é = (Stysaimebreat) & . ‘ > | CHa-cH =cH, + Hx —WiGrRovnikous mate | s => _(Asymmemcaty Vo ® — aye INE Sey ies . i CHa-CHe ath : CH=CH -cy =e = e 4 Yearrangment 4° _(ttnstable) 2° (rer sable _ | e s ee 4 : | s | CH=CH, ~CH Crp = Cr -CH ey Ps | Litres) : 7 (najor ) s Laccor dimg 40 Markamlkou's Pulte » ‘The negate part goes te that deublLe bond 2 [Corben atom hth hos Les numba of a THe atom .” 2 | TT | Adartron of halogen + xn) Test for unsaturation | double bond detection = a ae = | CHy~CH = CH -CH3 + Bo, ——E CHy- CH CH — chy = | (atkenc) (brouash ee | e =z (Cofercters) > |Date i Page No. Al kun td : pees fo CHa C= CH + 26%, —CE > CHy-C-C-H T T By Br a (3) | Halogen xchange ° Siena */| Prakelsterm Reactron : (x =ch »Br) i Hy CH -c0 + Nal —> Nact+ Crchy I init ; "! Ci-CHa- C- By + Nak —> Na@r + 276 ~Abltle T ~ : | Ae tly L Cfrversion) ¥ Swartz _reacto G [Sb fs aeactron of formahon of ateyt fluotde from atret bromide OF Chton'te G [eating fo poacne of incited Plone H [From silver Satts ef carboxytcc acc: (Age + > SbP3 > HepFa > Cofe ) 1S cone agh Crip iad aca Aa F | C HaCOOAG + Bra mn. prneess cclE — —— <*> ChB 4609 7 Boomomethan