What do you understand by disability etiquettes?

Answer:

Disability etiquettes is a set of guidelines to deal with people facing physical or mental disabilities....

Define disability.

Answer:

Disability is defined as a condition or function judged to be significantly impaired relative to the usual standard of an
individual or group.

[Link] disability is different from a disorder?

Answer:

Disability, whether it is physical or mental, is of permanent nature, but disorder can be temporary or permanent....

Explain the nature and causes of physical disability.

Answer:

Physical disability is physical in nature since it relates to physical functioning of the body parts including sense
organiser:

The causes of physical disability are as follows

Illnesses like cancer, heart attack or diabetes cause the majority of long-term disabilities.

Back pain, injuries and arthritis are also significant causes.

Lifestyle choices and personal behaviour that lead to obesity are also becoming major contributing factors.

The musculoskeletal disorder also causes disabilities. Examples include spine/joint disorders, fibromytis etc....

What do you mean by posture?

Answer. Posture concerns the way in which an individual carries himself while sitting, standing, walking and lying
down.

Question.2. What is correct posture?

Answer. Correct posture means the balancing of body in accurate and proper manner while sitting, standing, reading,
writing, walking, running or during any other action.

Question.3. What are postural deformities?

Answer. Postural deformities imply not having proper alignment of body parts. An individual who has postural
deformities cannot perform his work efficiently. Some postural deformities are kyphosis, flat foot, knock knee etc.

Question.4. Define bow legs.

Answer. Bow legs is a wide gap between the knees when a person is standing with feet together. It can be observed
easily when an individual walks or runs.
Question.5. What is flat foot?
Answer. Flat foot is a deformity of the feet. In this deformity, there is no arc in the foot and the foot is completely flat,
which may cause pain in the foot during running and walking.

Question.6. Define the term kyphosis.

Answer. Kyphosis is a deformity of the spine in which there is an increase or exaggeration of a backward curve or a
decrease of a forward curve.

Question.1. What do you mean by posture?

Answer. Posture concerns the way in which an individual carries himself while sitting, standing, walking and lying
down.

Question.2. What is correct posture?

Answer. Correct posture means the balancing of body in accurate and proper manner while sitting, standing, reading,
writing, walking, running or during any other action.

Question.3. What are postural deformities?

Answer. Postural deformities imply not having proper alignment of body parts. An individual who has postural
deformities cannot perform his work efficiently. Some postural deformities are kyphosis, flat foot, knock knee etc.

Question.4. Define bow legs.

Answer. Bow legs is a wide gap between the knees when a person is standing with feet together. It can be observed
easily when an individual walks or runs.

Question.5. What is flat foot?

Answer. Flat foot is a deformity of the feet. In this deformity, there is no arc in the foot and the foot is completely flat,
which may cause pain in the foot during running and walking.

Question.6. Define the term kyphosis.

Answer. Kyphosis is a deformity of the spine in which there is an increase or exaggeration of a backward curve or a
decrease of a forward curve.

Question.7. What are the causes of round shoulders? [CBSE 2012]

Answer. The causes of round shoulders are

1. Due to poor posture while working

2. Faulty furniture
3. Wrong habit of sitting / standing
4. Carrying heavy load on shoulders
5. By sleeping on one side

Question.8. What are the causes of knock knee?

Answer. The causes of knock knee are

1. Weakness of muscles and ligaments

2. Overweight body
3. Lack of balanced diet
4. Lack of vitamin-D

Question.9. List three advantages of maintaining a correct posture.

Answer. Three advantages of maintaining a correct posture are
 1. We will have more energy.
2. We will feel better.
3. It will improve flexibility of our body

Question.10. List five lifestyle and fashion fads followed by women which create bad posture.

answer. Five lifestyle and fashion fads causing poor posture are :

1. Wearing high heeled shoes / pencil heel shoes.

2. Wearing tight fitting clothes.
3. Wearing low waist jeans.
4. Putting on very wide belts.
5. Wearing boots.

Question.11. A correct posture commands respect. Justify

Answer. For creating a good impression on other people so that you command respect, good appearance is a
prerequisite. This good appearance, in turn, depends on the posture of an individual. This leaves a good first
impression on others. Good posture also contributes to grace and efficiency in movement, which will make other
people appreciate and respect you. Confident, successful and assertive people have a good upright and relaxed
posture. Confidence gives you power and strength.

Conversely, when our posture shows a slump, we will soon experience low confidence, we will feel tired, low on
energy, sad and vulnerable. This will show to others and make them lose respect in us.
Question.12. What are the causes of flat foot and corrective measures for this problem?
Answer. Causes of flat foot are:

1. Heaviness of the body

2. Standing for a long time
3. Not doing physical exercises
4. Use of poor quality footwear not having an arch.

Corrective Measures for flat foot are:

1. Walk on sand
2. Walking on wooden staircase
3. Walking with weight on heels and toes

Question.13. Write about postural deformities. List any four postural deformities.
Answer. Postural deformity means not having proper alignment of the body parts. An individual who has postural
deformities cannot perform his work efficiently.
Four postural deformities are flat foot, kyphosis, knock knee and bow legs.

Question.14. Explain the correct posture of standing.

Answer. Correct standing posture is balanced and free from muscle or ligament strain. In this posture, the line of
centre of gravity of the head, chest, abdomen and pelvis falls in a straight line. In standing position, the weight should
be equally distributed between the ball of the foot and the heel. The feet should be parallel and the weight should be
evenly balanced over both legs. The shoulders should be back and relaxed.

Question.15. What is correct posture of sitting?

Answer. In this posture, parts of the body, head, shoulder and hip should be placed in proper alignment with each
other. The weight of the person sitting should be supported over a large area, so as to equally distribute the pressure.
The backbone should be erect with the upper region of the backbone straight against the back of the chair.
Question.16. What are the main causes of poor posture?
Answer. Causes of poor posture are

1. Injury When bone, ligament or muscle is injured, it weakens the support to that part.
2. Disease Causes the joints to lose their strength and mobility.
3. Heredity Deformities like kyphosis and flat foot are sometimes due to hereditary factors.
4. Overload Overwork or fatigue also results in poor posture.
5. Lack of Exercise The maintenance of erect posture requires strength and endurance.

Question.17. Write a short note on postural deformities.

Answer. A number of postural deformities are either acquired (hereditary) or created. Each deformity demands proper
attention and specific treatment for their correction. These deformities are

1. Knock knee Both the knees touch each other or overlap in the normal standing position.
2. Flat Foot The foot is completely flat with no arch in the sole.
3. Bow legs There is a wide gap between the knees in the normal standing position.
4. Round Shoulder The shoulder is drawn forward, the head is extended with the chin pointing forward.
5. Kyphosis There is an increased backward curvature in the dorsal or upper region of the spine
6. Lordosis There is an increased forward curvature in the lumbar region of the spine.
7. Scoliosis The spine bends to the side abnormally, either to the right or left.

Question.18. Write short notes on the following.

(i) Round shoulder (ii) Knock knee (iii) Lordosis
Answer.

1. Round Shoulder It is a postural deformity in which the shoulders are drawn forward, the head is
extended and the chin points forward.
2. Knock Knee It is a postural deformity in which both the knees touch or overlap each other in the
normal standing position.
3. Lordosis It is the inward curvature of spine. It is an increased forward curve in the lumbar region.

Question.19. Explain any three advantages of correct posture.

Answer. Three advantages of correct posture are

1. Development of Physical Fitness Physical fitness can be achieved if you have good posture.
Balance, coordination, flexibility etc are the components of physical fitness. These can be attained
easily by an individual who is having correct posture. –
2. Improved Well Being Good posture provides good impression of your well being.
3. Improved Personality Correct posture reflects the alertness, activeness and wholesomeness of your
personality.

Question.20. What are the causes of round shoulders? Explain remedial measures required to correct this deformity.
Answer. Causes of round shoulders are:

1. Due to poor posture in work

2. Faulty furniture
3. Wrong habit of sitting and standing
4. Carrying heavy load on shoulders

Remedial Measures:

1. Stand and sit with correct posture

2. Do more exercises of shoulders like horizontal bars and the yogic exercises Chakrasan and
Dhanurasan
3. Do not allow the shoulders to drop
 4. Hold the horizontal bar for some time.

Question.21. Mention the corrective exercises related to scoliosis.

Answer. The corrective exercises related to scoliosis are

1. Performing Trikonasana with proper technique.

2. Stand erect with feet a few inches apart. After that, raise the left heel and left hip, extend right arm in
an arch overhead to the left. Press left hand against the ribs on the left side.
3. Lie down in prone position, i.e., ori the chest. Right arm should be upward and left arm at side. After
that move right arm towards the left overhead. Press down with left hand and then slide the left hip
up.

Question.22. Explain the causes, precautions and remedies of bow legs.

Answer. Causes In this postural defect, lower long bones of the legs get bent. It is common in children and football
players. There is an unnatural gap between knees while walking and running. The main cause of this deformity is
deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in the bones, which results in softening of the bones. In the case of football
players, legs have to bear a lot of strain, because of which this deformity occurs. This bending or curvature of the
lower bones of the legs may also be due to the disease called rickets.
Precautions and Remedies:

1. Give children extra calcium and never force infants to make them stand or walk too early in life.
Growing children automatically learn to stand or walk when their muscles and bones develop proper
strength to do so.
2. Never stand for long hours. This strains the legs.

Question.23. Suggest any five physical exercises as corrective measures for kyphosis and
lordosis.
Answer. Kyphosis In kyphosis, there is an increased curvature of the dorsal chest region.
Corrective Measures:

1. Regular and appropriate exercises.

2. Regular yogic exercises (Chakrasana, Dhanurasana, Bhujangasana, etc).
3. Swimming is recommended.
4. Hold your hands back in vishram position and walk consciously, then slowly stretch them backward.
5. Leaning back on a chair and taking shoulders backwards can help to stretch the chest muscles.
Lordosis It is the inward curvature of the spine with protuding abdomen, resulting in a hollow back.

Corrective Measures:

1. Do sit ups slowly.

2. Perform Halasana and Paschimuttan asana.
3. Sitting on a chair / table, bring the head / nose close to the knees.
4. Stand to attention and touch the feet with hands.
5. Standing fully erect, bend the trunk forward and then straighten it.

Question.24. Explain any five common postural deformities.

Answer. Five common postural deformities are

1. Knock Knee It is a postural deformity in which both the knees touch or overlap each other in normal
standing position.
2. Flat Foot It is a deformity of the feet. In this deformity, there is no arc in the foot and the foot . is
completely flat.
3. Round Shoulder It is a* postural deformity in which the shoulders are drawn forward, the head is
extended with the chin pointing forward.
 4. Kyphosis It is a deformity of the spine in which there is an increase or exaggeration of a backward
curve.
5. Bow Legs It is a deformity opposite to knock knee. In fact, if there is a wide gap between the knees,
the deformity can be observed easily.

Question.25. Discuss the causes and remedial measures of five postural deformities.
Answer. The causes and remedial measures of five postural deformities are

1. Knock Knee Causes

● Weakness of muscles and ligaments

● Over weight
● Lack of balanced diet
● Lack of vitamin-D Remedial Measures
● Keep a pillow between the knees
● Be careful while you walk and stand
● Horse riding is one of the best exercises
● Improve your diet

2. Flat Foot Causes

● Heaviness of the body

● Standing for a long time
● Sitting and standing in a faulty posture Remedial Measures
● Walk on heels and toes
● Pick up marbles with toes
● Walking on wooden staircase
● Improve your diet

3. Round Shoulder Causes

● Due to poor posture at work

● Faulty furniture
● Carrying heavy load on shoulders Remedial Measures
● Stand in correct position
● Do not allow the shoulders
● Hold the horizontal bar for some time

4. Scoliosis Causes

● Short leg of one side

● One side flat foot
● Hereditary defect Remedial Measures
● Perform Trikonasana
● Avoid walking with heavy weight
● Take a balanced diet

5. Bow Legs Causes

● Putting extra weight on leg muscles

● Lack of balanced diet
● Lack of calcium and phosphorus in bones Remedial Measures
 ● Never stand for long time
● Use of vitamin D
● Use of balanced diet
● Proper massage should be given to a child in the early stages

Question.26. Describe the causes of Scoliosis. What are preventive measures required to avoid this?
Answer. The causes of scoliosis for various types of this deformity are:

1. Congenital scoliosis, which is caused by a bone abnormality present at birth.

2. Neuromuscular scoliosis, which results due to abnormal muscles or nerves. This is seen in people
with cerebral palsy or having partial paralysis.
3. Degenerative scoliosis, which may result from traumatic (i.e. injury / illness) bone collapse, previous
major back surgery, or osteoporosis.
4. Idiopathic scoliosis, which is the most common type. It has no specific identifiable cause.

Preventive measures to avoid Scoliosis are:

1. Avoid activities that require over-exertion on only one side of the body.
2. Exercise the back muscles. Having strong and stable back muscles prevents this deformity, as the
back muscles support the spinal column and hold it in its proper shape.
3. Improve your posture. Focus on sitting up straight and walking with your head up and your shoulders
back.
4. Acquire proper vitamins and minerals. Calcium contributes to keeping bones healthy, so eating
foods like oatmeal, soyabean, almonds etc will keep your bones strong and stable.

Question.27. What are the 5 main causes of poor posture? Explain each cause briefly.
Answer. Five main causes of poor posture are

1. Injuries or Pain When we experience pain in our back or neck muscles or any other part of the body
due to injury or any other reason, we tend to overcome the pain by holding our body in a different
position. When this is continued for a long time, it can become a daily habit.
2. Malnutrition Our spine and back need adequate nutrients to grow strong and straight. Low nutrition,
particularly lack of vitamins and calcium, affects bones and muscles by not providing adequate
strength and flexibility to hold our body in a correct posture.
3. Heredity If we have a family history of a particular deformity like bent back or flat foot, then, no matter
how hard we try to hold our posture in a correct way, our genes prevent us. However, this can be
rectified with professional help and proper exercises.
4. Excessive Body Weight Carrying extra body weight makes it difficult to maintain proper posture.
People with extra weight around their stomach can have a problem with lower back pulled forward,
due to the weight of the belly or hips. This is also seen in the case of pregnant women.
5. Nature of our Work Particularly if we have a desk job, we often push our neck and head forward and
hunch our shoulders. In the modern age of using computers for our work, this has become a major
reason. This contributes to our inability to keep our spines straight.

Question

Which among the following drugs are misused by certain sportspersons to enhance their performance?
6. A
7. Narcotic analgesics
8. B
9. Anabolic steroids
10. C
11. Diuretics
12. D
13. All of these
 14. Solution

15. The correct option is D All of these

Drugs are chemical substances which can bring about biological (physical or psychological) changes in an
organism’s body. Drug abuse is the regular intake of prescription or illicit drugs beyond prescribed doses to
attain a sense of pleasure, euphoria and temporary well-being. Regular abuse of drugs causes addiction
which masks the judgement of an individual and causes them to ignore all the negative effects of drugs on
their mind, body and life.

Many people involved with sports, illegally misuse drugs such as narcotic analgesics, anabolic steroids,
diuretics etc to increase physical strength, aggressiveness and efficiency. These drugs are collectively
known as performance enhancing drugs (PEDs).

Narcotic analgesics are used by sports persons to help themselves endure high levels of pain during training
or due to injuries incurred during an event or game. Most analgesics like morphine, heroin, etc. are taken
intravenously using needles. This makes an individual more prone to infections like AIDS, hepatitis B.

Anabolic steroids have been widely used to cheat in sports over many years because they help the athletes
to rapidly build muscles and recover from high intensity movements such as sprints. They can cause severe
mood swings when used in large quantities and may cause kidney, liver and heart disease in some people.
Females can have side effects such as abnormal menstrual cycle, excessive hair growth on body and face,
etc. Side effects in males include decreased sperm production, acne, increased aggressiveness, etc.

Diuretics are drugs that reduce the reabsorption of water from the nephrons during urine formation and
results in the formation of a very dilute urine. Thus they increase urine volume and frequency of urination.
Some athletes use diuretics to rapidly flush out the traces of other drugs such as anabolic steroids or to
rapidly lose weight to achieve the standards needed to qualify for participating in events. However using
diuretics is illegal and can cause severe dehydration in the body.
What is addiction?
Addiction is a chronic compulsion for a habit-forming substance, behaviour or activity. Addiction results in
physiological or psychological reliance which can have detrimental psychological, physical or social effects upon
withdrawal or abstinence.

Q2

What is withdrawal syndrome?

Withdrawal syndrome occurs in people who have developed physiological dependence on drugs or alcohol and who
discontinue or reduce their use of it.

Q3

How does drug abuse lead to the spread of infectious diseases?

Sharing of needles for drug use can lead to the spread of infectious diseases among drug abusers. An example of
such spread of infectious disease is the spread of HIV which causes AIDS in infected individuals.

Different Career Options

1. Teaching Sector Career (as Physical Education Teacher/Lecturer/Professor)

● In Primary School
● In Middle School
● In Secondary School
● In Colleges
● In Universities
2. Training Sector Career (as Coach Trainer/Instructor)

● In Schools/Colleges
 ● In Universities
● In Private Sector-Gym, Clubs etc.
● In Public Sector-Gym, Clubs etc.
● In Industrial Recreation
3. Health & Fitness Sector Career (as an Expert of Health and Fitness)

● As Massagist, Masseur, Physiotherapist, etc. (in Medical line)

● As Dietician (in Nutrition)
● As Sports Psychologist (in Psychology)
● As Special Educator, Rehabilitation Expert (in Adaptive Education)
● As Yoga Expert (in Health and Yoga Centers)
4. Performance Sector Career

● As a Professional Player
● As a Game Official (Umpire/Referee)
● As a Game Technical Advisor
● As a Game Manager
● As an Administrator or Sports Organisers
5. Media Sector Career

● As a Sports Journalist
● As a Book Author
● As a Sports Photographer
● As a Sports Broadcasting
● As a Sports Advertising
● As a Sports Commentator
6. Marketing/Sales Sector Career

● As a Marketer / Seller of Sports goods

● As a Businessman of Sports goods
● As a Manufacture of Sports goods
7. Administrator/Manager/Officer/Employee: In various Sector

● As a Marketer / Seller of Sports goods

● As a Businessman of Sports goods
● As a Manufacturer of Sports goods
● As a Coordinator in Public Sector
(i) As a Teacher of Physical Education: For choosing this as a career, one must be well-qualified with certified
Degree or Diploma in Physical Education from a recognised University.

(ii) As a Coach: For this as a career one must have a certified Diploma from NIS (National Institute of Sports) in a
game or sport. He must have good experience of playing and participating in the game.

(iii) As a Physical Training Instructor : To choose this as a career one must possess a certified diploma after 12th
class and good physical fitness abilities.

(iv) As a Fitness Trainer: To choose this as a profession the person must be very fit and healthy. He should have
the experience about the needs of the group, team, etc., to give a fitness schedule.

(v) As a specialist or Official of Game: A good player can easily become a specialist or official of the game. This is
an upcoming profession.
(vi) As a Yoga Instructor: This career has good prospects, as the need of the society is coming up more towards
yogic practice. Thus, yogic techniques help to give therapeutic effect along with overcoming overstresses of life. For
this as a career one must have good experience of performing and educating yogic techniques.

(vii) As a Sports Journalist or Commentator: Today media, newspapers, magazines, etc., need professional
people of sports to perform in journalism. So this career option is also coming up. A large number of channels and
newspapers need good commentators or reporters, etc. So good sportsmen with an impressive voice along with a
handsome personality are appointed as commentators or reporters, etc.

(vii) As a Dietician or Physiotherapist: An educated physical educationist has good knowledge of Dietetics. So they
can choose this as a profession. The knowledge of physical education provides sports injuries and their treatment.
Thus, they can adopt this profession like Sports-Physiotherapist, Rehabilitation expert, Ortho-expert, Masseur etc.

(ix) As a Biomechanics: Talented and good researchers or physical educationists help in

developing new scientific tools which help the human race. They are required in fast growing industries

(x) As an Administrator or Officer or Employee: A good sportsperson is a good leader and a good organizer. This
helps him to act as a good administrator. Many physical educationists are specially required as Administrators,
Directors, Managers, etc.

Lot of private companies, limited companies, semi-government companies, government sector firms, etc., prefer a
sportsperson. So many players are chosen for these professions like in Railways, Airways, Police, Defence, Banking,
Electricity Boards, etc.

Important Institutions For Promoting Physical Education

Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports (NSNIS)

In July 1958, the Ad Hoc Inquiry Committee recommended the establishment of a Central Training Institute, to
provide first-class coaching in different sports and games. Consequently, Kaul Kapoor Committee approved
establishment of National Institute of Sports (NIS) which was inaugurated, at Patiala, on 7 May 1961. In 1973, the
Institute was dedicated to the memory of the late freedom fighter as Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports
(NSNIS). The Institute has three more centers. Main Academic Centre of SAI Netaji Subhas National Institute of
Sports (NSNIS) at Patiala. It provide coaching and training in the following games and Sports: Athletics, Basketball,
Boxing, Cricket, Cycling, Fencing, Football, Gymnastics, Handball, Hockey, Judo, Table Tennis, Volleyball,
Weightlifting, Wrestling and Wushu

Regional centers at Kolkata and Banglore

Objectives of Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports (SAI – NSNIS):

(i) To conduct short & long term academic courses in sports coaching, sports sciences and other related fields

(ii) To raise the competence of the coaches through the organization of refresher courses.

(iii) To conduct the national coaching camps for elite sportspersons, for international competitions performance

(iv) To provide scientific back up to the elite sports persons, for achievements of high level

(v) To organize conferences, seminars, workshops, on sports-related subjects

 Sports Authority of India (SAI)

It was set up in 1984 to carry forward the legacy of the IXth Asian Games held in New Delhi in 1982 under the
Department of Sports. SAl has been entrusted with the twin objectives of promoting and achieving sporting
excellence at the national and international level with the objective of promotion of Sports and Games.

Khelo India Program

The Khelo India programme has been introduced to revive the sports culture in India at the grass-root level by
building a strong framework for all sports played in our country and establish India as a great sporting nation.

The Government of India under the Ministry of Youth Affair and Sports (MYAS) launched the first Khelo India
Programme in 2018, to maintain sports culture in India, especially at the grassroots level as well as to achieve
sporting excellence in the country.

It has the programmes like:

(a) Khelo India organizes the following Sports Tournaments:

(i) Khelo India School Games (U17)

(ii) Khelo India Youth Games (U25)

(iii) Khelo India Youth Games (U19)

(iv) Khelo India University Games

(b) Khelo India National School Games: The School Games Federation of India was formed in December 1954 in
Mumbai. It organizes Sports and Games competitions for boys and girls at the national level.

(c) Khelo India Youth Games: Khelo India School Games (KISG) now known as Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG) is
a national level multi-sports event held on annual basis under two categories i.e., Under 17 and Under 19 years for
school going students and Under 21 years for college students

(d) Khelo India Inter-Universities Competition: Inter-University Competitions are organized under the aegis of
Association of Indian Universities (AIU) every year in different sports which are approved by AIU. Here, sports
persons from the various Universities of India participate and compete against each other.

International Olympic Committee (IOC)

It is the supreme authority of the Olympic Movement formed in June 1894 at the International Athletic Congress held
at Paris. With the effort of Baron Pierre De Coubertin, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) conducted its first
Summer Olympic Games from Athens (Greece) in 1896.

Today it has 203 member nations. The vision of the International Olympic Committee is to ‘Build a Better World
through Sport. The goal of the Olympic Movement to contribute to building a peaceful and better world by

educating youth through sport practiced in accordance with Olympism and its values.
Now they conduct and assist various games like Summer Olympic Games, Winter Olympic Games, Youth Olympic
Games

(YOG), Paralympics, Special Olympics, Continent Games etc.

Indian Olympic Association (IOA)

The first effort of forming a National Level Olympic Association came in 1919 by Sir Dorabji Tata. But this initiative
came to an end in 1927 when the Indian Olympic Association was formed. IOA was formed in 1927 by Sir Dorabji
Tata as its first President, A.G. Noehren as its Secretary and G.D. Sodhi as Assistant Secretary.

Functions of IOA:

(i) Promotes Olympic Movement: It develops and promotes the Olympic movement and amateur sports.

(ii) Promotes Social Qualities and Good Health: It promotes and encourages the physical, moral and cultural
values among youth for the development of good health and good citizens.

(iii) Enforces Game Rules of IOC: It enforces all rules and regulations set by IOC of games and sports at national
level competitions.

(iv) Provides Training of Players: It provides training and preparation of players for participation at International
level competitions like Olympic Games, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, South Asian Games, World
Championships and other International Games.

(v) Assists Sports Associations of India: It assists the National Sports Associations or Federations for better
selection of players and their training.

(vi) Provides Technical Help in Sports: It provides technical help for conducting the National level competitions.

Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior (LNUPE)

It was established by the Ministry of Education & Culture, Government of India a Lakshmibai College of Physical
Education (LCPE) in August 1957, the centenary year of the War of Independence under the able leadership of
Padma Shri Dr. P.M. Joseph.

The main purpose of establishing this Institute was to upgrade the status of Physical Education by producing quality
teachers and leaders through graduate and post-graduate courses.

For the first time in the country, three years’ Bachelor of Physical Education (BPE) was started in 1957 and two years’
Master of Physical Education (MPE) in 1963.

Objective of LNIPE:

(i) To prepare highly qualified leaders/teachers in the field of Physical Education, Sports/Games and other
interdisciplinary subjects.

(ii) To serve as a center of excellence and innovations in Physical Education and to undertake, promote and
disseminate research and also publish literature in this field.
(iii) To provide professional and academic leadership to other institutions in the field of Physical

(iv) To provide vocational guidance, counseling, consultancy and placement services.

(v) To promote mass participation in Physical Education and Sports.

YMCA College of Physical Education

It was founded by Mr. Harry Crowe Buck in 1920 at Chennai. Mr. Buck was a pioneer in physical education training in
India. The college stands as a hallmark for training physical education teachers, coaching the students who can teach
physical education, skills and techniques of games, organizing sports competitions and undergo research
programmes.

It is a project of National Council of YMCAs of India. The institute is accredited by NAAC as an A grade college. It is
recognized by the National Council of Teacher Education and Government of Tamil Nadu.

Lucknow College of Physical Education

It was founded in 1862 as a tiny school in the Husainabad area of the old city of Lucknow, the college has a long and
proud history. Husainabad School House was established by Rev. J. H. Messmore, a Pioneer Educationist
Missionary in Lucknow. It was later shifted to Inayat Bagh, now a part of the college campus, and was raised to the
level of High School in 1882.

Keeping in view the need of the Professional Courses, Teachers’ Training College was established in 1932 and, in
the same year, under the leadership of Mr. E. W. Ted Mumby, a Pioneer of Physical Education in Northern India, the
College of Physical Education was established.