Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 11: Rapid would cause frequent floods and leave little water during dry seasons.
A. run-off B. run-in C. run-out D. run-over
Question 12: These days it is impossible to open a newspaper without reading about the damage we are
__ to the environment. A. taking B. doing C. making D. causing
Question 13: Opencast coal mining is among the most environmentally _____activities carried out in Wales.
A. destruction B. destructive C. destructor D. destroy
Question 14: Countries around the world have growin____of trash because people are throwing out more trash than ever
before. A. mountains B. hills C. dumps D. dunes
Question 15: Many people do not know that polar ice is melting and sea levels are
A. raising B. rising C. degrading D. dissolving
Question 16: The coastal areas are being seriously contaminated, which __from disposing harmful chemical rubbish into seas.
A. leads B. causes C. results D. escapes
Question 17: Overusing pesticides is also considered to be a of pollution.
A. cause B. reason C. origin D. threat
Question 18: Nowadays, we are facing many threats such as ____pollution, global warming and fossil fuel depletion.
A. afforestation B. reforestation C. forestation D. deforestation
Question 19: Dumping such as detergents, pesticides and other chemicals in lakes, rivers and seas contaminates our
water source. A. pollution B. pollutants C. polluted D. pollute
Question 20: is very important to life, as no one can live long without it.
A. Clean water B. Fresh water C. pensions D. incomes
Question 21: Because non-renewable resources are being consumed at a rapid rate, human beings are likely to face fossil fuel
_____. A. disappearance B. degradation C. depletion D. destruction
Question 22: In Africa, people’s interference in the rhino's __ leads to habitat loss.
A. sector B. territory C. domain D. country
Question 23: Soot comes from the combustion of fossil or other fuels.
A. completion B. complete C. incompletion D. incomplete
Question 24: is destroying larger areas of tropical rain forests.
A. Afforestation B. Deforestation C. Reforestation D. Forestry
Question 25: Environmental pollution is becoming an _____serious problem that needs to be taken care of as soon as
possible. A. increasingly B. increasing C. increase D. increased
Question 26: Most of the air pollution results ____the burning of fossil fuels, motor vehicles, factories, aircraft and
rockets. A. in B. to C. on D. from
Question 27: Some scientists argue that the historical evidence Shows that over time the Earth heats
and cools naturally. A. make B. away - down C. up - down D. down - up
Question 28: There's has been a steady rise in the average temperature around the planet over the last hundred years or so, and
the majority of scientists put it_____ to human activity. A. down B. back C. up D. across
Question 29: Greenpeace is an international group that protests against anything which is a _____to the environment. A.
threat B. threaten C. threatening D. threatened
Question 30: Scientists have found holes in the particularly over Antarctica.
A. ice caps B. polar ice C. ozone layer D. greenhouse
Question 31: Make sure your car runs on unleaded petrol and your home uses sources of ___ energy.
A. recycling B. reused C. renewable D. recyclable
Question 32: Many of the world's largest cities are _____and some are permanently covered by a ___
A. heavily polluted - polluted cloud B. heavy pollution - polluted cloud
C. heavy pollution - cloud of pollution D. heavily polluted - cloud of pollution
Question 33: Thousands of acres of forest are being cut down every year and the of many animals are
being destroyed. A. natural resources B. natural habitats C. ways of life D. living surroundings
Question 34: There will be too. Some areas will become wetter while others will become much drier.
A. weather changes B. weather forecasts C. climatic changes D. climate changes
Question 35: As the Earth gets hotter, the Arctic and Antarctic ____will slowly melt and the level of the oceans will rise. A.
snowballs B. avalanches C. ice caps D. icebergs
Question 36: The that are produced by factories and cars are allowing more from the sun to
reach earth. A. gases – radiation B. gases – light C. gas – light D. gas - radiation
Question 37: The gradual rise in the Earth's temperature is known as
A. greenhouse effect B. global warming C. ozone layer D. acid rain
Question 38: Farmers contribute to environmental damage by spraying __with , which stay in the soil for years.
A. agriculture – pesticides B. agriculture – fertilizers C. crops - fertilizers D. crops - pesticides
Question 39: During the last hundred years we have done great to the environment.
A. injury B. pollution C. damage D. destruction
Question 40: As towns grow, they tend to destroy the surrounding areas.
A. urban B. commercial C. land D. rural
Exercise 4: Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
Question 41: When the wastes are poured into the atmosphere, the air becomes contaminated. and unpleasant to breathe. A.
dense B. dirty C. decontaminated D. biotic
Question 42: Water pollution is a result of dumping pollutants such as detergents, pesticides, oil, and other chemicals in
rivers, which makes the water unclean. A. substances B. stuffs C. contaminants D. wastes
Question 43: The natural environment has been seriously influenced and degraded by human activities through many
decades. A. worsened B. damaged C. destroyed D. reduced
Question 44: Scientific evidence now clearly indicates that the Earth’s atmosphere and ocean are warming, and that these
changes are primarily due to greenhouse gases derived from human activities.
A. came from B. resulted in C. caused to D. blamed for
Question 45: Climate change will affect coral reef ecosystems, through sea level rise, changes to the frequency and intensity
of tropical storms, and altered ocean circulation patterns.
A. threaten B. impact C. warn D. endanger
Question 46: Polluted air in the factory accounts for the workers' respiratory illnesses.
A. results from B. brings up C. causes of D. explains
Question 47: Because plastic bags are non-biodegradable, they are harmful to the environment, especially to the aquatic
wildlife. A. marine B. submarine C. undersea D. mammal
Question 48: Development of the area would endanger wildlife. A. imperil B. perish C. degrade D. deplete
Question 49: Conservationists have been trying to look for ways to protect wilderness areas.
A. highland B. prairie C. temperate D. desert
Question 50: Peru's Bahuaja Sonene National Park, a remarkable protected area, is home to 174 species of mammals,
including rare animals. A. significant B. outstanding C. prominent D. dominant
Question 51: Mass tourism has contributed to the destruction of the environment.
A. organization B. structure C. construction D. devastation
Question 52: A lot of waste from hotels and vehicles is also discharged into the water and air.
A. discussed B. collected C. released D. treated
Question 53: The loss of much forest is destroying Earth's plant and animal variety.
A. consuming B. demolishing C. erasing D. removing
Question 54: Without plants, most water would run off as soon as it falls, taking away valuable soil.
A. costly B. estimable C. cherished D. admirable
Question 55: Air pollution is a consequence of fossil fuel burning by motor vehicles, factories, aircraft and rockets.
A. product B. example C. harm D. result
Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s)
Question 56: Fresh water is very important to life because no one can live without it. Yet it is one of the limited and most
endangered natural resources on our planet. A. Clean B. Drinkable C. Polluted D. Running
Question 57: Soil pollution leads to lack of fertile land to grow enough food for an increasing population.
A. arid B. rich C. unclean D. deserted
Question 58: Global warming may lead to many negative changes, including harsher weather conditions.
A. more unbearable B. milder C. more extreme D. more serious
Question 59: The river is badly polluted with toxic chemicals from that factory.
A. poisonous B. harmful C. harmless D. deadly
Question 60: If we continue to deplete our planets natural resources, we will damage the environment significantly.
A. use up B. add to C. reduce D. exhaust
Question 61: Poverty in many African countries increases the likelihood that people poach animals to earn their living.
A. chance B. prospect C. possibility D. improbability
Question 62: The burning of fossil fuels has led to air pollution and deforestation caused land erosion.
A. resulted in B. resulted from C. brought about D. caused
Question 63: It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species’ declines and habitat destruction and degradation
are the leading threats. A. depletion B. emission C. development D. damage
Question 64: Wildlife is under threat from many different kinds of human activities, from directly destroying habitat to
spreading invasive-disease. A. difficult to stop B. easy to transmit C. easy to stop D. difficult to transmit
Question 65: The fire will go out unless we put some more wood on.
A. go off B. go in C. stop burning D. continue burning
Question 66: The environmental pollution level in this area has built up a lot over recent years.
A. increased B. decreased C. blocked D. concentrated
Question 67: It is predicted that the natural resources will run out by the end of the century.
A. come in B. run short C. run away D. remain intact
Question 68: Deforestation may seriously jeopardize the habitat of many species in the local area.
A. do harm to B. make benefit for C. give rise to D. make way for
Question 69: Deforestation increases the evaporation of water from the ground which can lead to extensive droughts.
A. plummets B. decreases C. alleviates D. boosts
Question 70: The consequences of the typhoon were disastrous due to the lack of precautionary measures.
A. physical B. severe C. beneficial D. damaging
Exercise 6: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word
or phrase
Have you heard about the great flood? Perhaps you have heard about a man named Noah, who built a huge boat to escape the
flood. In this legend of the great flood, water covered all the land, killing most of the people and animals on Earth. Only
Noah's (71) ____family, including his wife, three sons, and the sons' wives, survived the flood, along with all of the animals on
his boat. After the flood waters receded, the people and animals on Noah’s boat set about repopulating the Earth. This legend
of Noah and his family is familiar to many people. However, it is not the only legend about a great flood. Actually, many
cultures have similar stories about a great flood that wiped (72) ____almost everyone on Earth. Many people today believe that
the great flood is only a legend. (73 ____other people say that the striking similarities among all of the flood legends suggest
that a real flood covered the Earth at some point long ago. In fact, some scientists (74) ____that the ancient flood waters are
now frozen in glaciers at the poles of the Earth. But why do the legends disagree with each other? The flood happened long
before humans could write, so the story of the flood could only be (75) _____ through generations by oral retellings. As the
story was passed by word of mouth, it may have changed as various cultures learned the story. This may explain why some
parts of the legend differ. Through careful examination of similar elements in these legends, however, certain facts about an
accident catastrophic flood may be revealed. (Adapted from Reading Challenge 3 by Casey Malarcher and
Andrea Janzen)
Question 71: A. immediate B. extended C. nuclear D. present
Question 72: A. down B. off C. out D. away
Question 73: A. In addition B. Nonetheless C. On the contrary D. In contrast
Question 74: A. speculated B. have speculated C. are speculating D. speculate
Question 75: A. altered B. converted C.
perpetuated D. bequeathed
Exercise 7: Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer
A report from the United Nations given at the conference unveils how worrying the pollution caused by plastic utensils,
especially plastic bags, is becoming. In a single minute, the world consumes one million plastic bottles; in a year, the world
consumes five billion single-use plastic bags, according to Vietnamplus. The scary fact is that such plastic bottles and bags are
not properly treated, as each year, the world discharges 300 million tons of plastic waste, accounting for some 10% of all solid
waste, putting the environment and human health under tenterhooks, according to the news site.
The conference also drew attention to another fact: “For a plastic bag that can be used for five minutes, it takes five seconds to
produce, one second to discard, but 500 to 1,000 years to become totally decomposed," says Vietnamplus.
In another message given by the UN General Secretary and delivered at the conference, it is reported that
since more than eight million tons of plastic bags end up in the oceans each year, "microplastics in the
seas now outnumber stars in our galaxy." "If present trends continue, by 2050 our oceans will have more
plastic than fish, Dan Tri reports, quoting Caitlin Wiesen, country director of the UN Development
Programme in Vietnam. These above-mentioned fearful facts, however, are not merely global issues, but
domestic problems as well, according to local media. Many local news outlets, when relating data from
the conference, point out that white pollution - a term used to indicate the overwhelming discharge of
plastic bags into the environment - is even getting worse in Vietnam than elsewhere.
Question 76: Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?
A White pollution is getting worse and worse. B White pollution - a new type of pollution.
C The facts about plastic bags are scarier than what we can see. D The problems caused by white
pollution are increasing.
Question 77: The word "tenterhooks” in the first paragraph mostly means
A The feeling of happiness to know the good results. B The possibility of harm or death to someone.
C Worry or nervousness about something that is going to happen. D A statement about what you think
will happen in the future.
Question 78: The following are the facts about white pollution, EXCEPT
A Five billion is the number of single-use plastic bags consumed by the world population in one year.
B Plastic waste makes up about one tenth of the solid waste on the Earth.
C It is as effortless to decay plastic bags as to manufacture them.
D Every year over eight million tons of plastic bags are littered in the oceans.
Question 79: What does the phrase "present trends" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A Microplastics in the seas now are much more than the stars in the sky.
B Million tons of plastics bags are discharged into the oceans.
C It takes 500 to 1,000 years to decompose the whole plastic bags. D There are more plastic bags in the
oceans than fish.
Question 80: What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A White pollution in Vietnam is almost out of control. B Vietnamese should solve this environmental
problem themselves.
C The state of plastic pollution in Vietnam is becoming the worst in the world.
D To reduce pollution, every country in the world has to join hands together.
BÀI TẬP VỀ TỪ LOẠI
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
Question 1: The issue of climate change has received a lot of __ recently. A. attentive B. attention C.
attend D. attentively
Question 2: Swimming produces both ______ and physical benefits.
A. psychology B. psychological C. psychologist D.
psychologically
Question 3: My friend is a good story writer; he has a rich ___. A. imaginable B. imagination C.
imagine D. imaginative
Question 4: The ______ of electronic books has changed the way many people read.
A. Invent B. invention C. inventively D. inventive
Question 5: When James was in Vietnam, he tried a ______ of Vietnamese dishes.
A. variety B. variously C. various D. vary
Question 6: According to the present law, the authorities can give poachers a severe ______.
A. punishing B. punish C. punishable D. punishment
Question 7: The new song has ___ been selected for Euro 2016. A. officially B. official C.
office D. officer
Question 8: Many species of plants and animals are in ______ of extinction.
A. dangerous B. endangered C. danger D. dangerously
Question 9: The wedding day was ______ chosen by the parents of the groom.
A. careless B. careful C. carefully D. care
Question 10: To Americans, it is impolite to ask someone about age, ______ and salary.
A. marry B. married C. marrying D. marriage
Question 11: Despite the plan’s emphasis on agricultural ____, the industrial sector received a larger
share of state investment. A. developing B. develop C.
development D. developed
Question 12: ______ have announced that a major breakthrough in medicine has been made.
A. Research B. Researchers C. Researches D. Researching
Question 13: This restaurant is ______ with those who like Vietnamese food.
A. popular B. popularly C. popularize D. popularity
Question 14: The jobs give you lots of chances to travel abroad; it’s certainly a very ______ offer.
A. attractive B. attract C. attractively D. attraction
Question 15: It’s necessary to listen to opinions that are ___ from ours. A. difference B. differently
C. differ D. different
Question 16: One ______ method for keeping our mind active is doing crossword puzzles.
A. popularity B. popular C. popularize D. popularly
Question 17: Sometimes it can be really ______ to go hiking alone in the forest.
A. endanger B. danger C. dangerous D. dangerously
Question 18: In the past people believed that women’s ______ roles were as mothers and wives.
A. nature B. natural C. naturism D. naturally
Question 19: Although David was ______ after a day’s work in the office, he tried to help his wife with
the household chores. A. exhaustion B. exhausted C. exhaust
D. exhaustively
Question 20: A __ party was prepared to welcome the honored guests. A. special B. specialize C.
specially D. specialist
Question 21: How many means of ______ do you use on a regular basis?
A. communication B. communicating C. communicate D.
communicative
Question 22: Janice made some useful ______ for the class extra-curricular activities.
A. suggest B. suggested C. suggestions D. suggesting
Question 23: Jack put on his best suit to make a good ______ on his future in-laws.
A. impression B. impressive C. impressively D. impress
Question 24: The more ______ you look, the better impression you will make on your interviewer.
A. confine B. confident C. confidently D. confidence
Question 25: Josh’s ambition is to become a ______ businessman like his father.
A. success B. succeed C. successfully D. successful
Question 26: Many twelfth graders find it hard to ______ what university to apply to.
A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively
Question 27: I think mobile phones are ____ for people of all ages. A. usage B. use C.
usefully D. useful
Question 28: Such characters as fairies or witches in Walt Disney animated cartoons are purely
________.
A. imaginary B. imagination C. imagine D.
imaginatively
Question 29: The Covid-19 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on the country’s aviation ______ due to
international travel restrictions. A. industry B. industrialize C.
industrious D. industriously
Question 30: According to most professors, mature students are ideal students because they are hard-
working and become ___ involved in all aspects of the learning process. A. active B. action
C. act D. actively
Question 31: Tom is getting ever keener on doing research on _________.
A. biology B. biological C. biologist D. biologically
Question 32: They are always ___ of what their children do. A. support B. supporting C.
supportive D. supportively
Question 33: It is not always easy to make a good _______ at the last minute.
A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively
Question 34: Cultural _______ can be found in such simple processes as giving or receiving a gift.
A. differences B. different C. differently D. differ
Question 35: Travelling to _______ countries in the world enables me to learn many interesting things.
A. differ B. difference C. differently D. different
Question 36: The job market is constantly changing due to innovative technology and new _______.
A. competition B. competitively C. competitive D. compete
Question 37: In Vietnam, children begin their primary _______ at the age of six.
A. educational B. educationally C. educate D. education
Question 38: Many librarians and teachers are now accepting graphic novels as proper literature for
children as they ____ young people and motivate them to read. A. attract B.
attractively C. attraction D. attractive
Question 39: The success of the company in such a _______ market is remarkable.
A. compete B. competitively C. competitive D. competition
Question 40: People tend to be unaware of the messages they are sending to others. So, it is _____ to
consider your own body language before dealing with people from other cultures. A. usefully
B. use C. usefulness D. useful
Question 41: Project-based learning provides wonderful opportunities for students to develop their
_____.
A. creative B. creativity C. create D. creatively
Question 42: Candidates are advised to dress formally to make a good _____ on job interviewers.
A. impress B. impressively C. impression D. impressive
Question 43: It is believed that travelling is a good way to expand our _____ of the world.
A. knowledgeable B. knowledgeably C. knowledge D. know
Question 44: Susan has achieved great _____ in her career thanks to her hard work.
A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully
Question 45: Participating in teamwork activities helps students develop their _____ skills.
A. social B. society C. socially D. socialize
Question 46: You should turn off the lights before going out to save _____.
A. electricity B. electrify C. electric D. electrically
Question 47: The study also found that social networks allow us to have discussions with a much more
diverse set of people than in the real world, so we share knowledge with people from a wide _____ of
backgrounds.
A. vary B. variety C. various D. variously
Question 48: Laura came to _____ me for taking care of her dog when she was away.
A. thank B. thankfully C. thankfulness D. thankful
Question 49: The candidate took a _____ breath before he walked into the interview room.
A. deeply B. deep C. deepen D. depth
Question 50: With his good sense of humor, Martin is quite _____ with the students.
A. popularly B. popular C. popularize D. popularity

THE END
Read the following advertisements and mark A, B, C or D to indicate the option that best fits each
blank.
Unlock Your Future with Quality Education!
Are you ready to take your learning to the next level? Education is the key to (1) _______, and we are
here to help you unlock your full potential! Our (2) _______ programs offer interactive lessons, expert
guidance, and a supportive learning (3) _______. Whether you're looking to improve your skills, prepare
for exams, or (4) _______ new knowledge, we have the perfect courses for you. Join thousands of
students who have (5) _______ their futures with us. Enroll today and start your journey towards success!
📚 Quality Education – Brighter Future! Visit our website now to learn more! 🚀
Question 1: A. success B. successful C. successfully D.
succeed
Question 2: A. innovate B. innovation C. innovator D.
innovative
Question 3: A. environmental B. environment C. environmentally D.
environmentalist
Question 4: A. explorer B. exploration C. explore D.
exploratory
Question 5: A. transformed B. transformation C. transformative D.
transform
STAY HEALTHY, STAY HAPPY!
Are you feeling tired and stressed from your daily routine? It's time to make a change! Maintaining a
healthy lifestyle is not only (6) _______ but also rewarding.
🥗 Eat a Balanced Diet – Enjoy nutritious meals rich in vitamins and minerals to keep your body (7)
_______.
🥗 Stay Active – Engage in energizing exercises like yoga, running, or dancing to feel refreshed and (8)
_______.
🥗 Get Enough Sleep – A well-rested mind is a focused and (9) _______ mind!
🥗 Stay Hydrated – Drinking enough water is a refreshing habit that keeps your body hydrated and
rejuvenated.
🥗 Reduce Stress – Try (10) _______ activities like meditation or listening to music to feel calm and
relieved.
Start your healthy journey today and enjoy a life that is both fulfilling and (11) _______!
🌟 Your health is your greatest wealth!
Question 6: A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. excitement
Question 7: A. strong B. strength C. strengthen D. strongly
Question 8: A. motivate B. motivation C. motivating D. motivated
Question 9: A. production B. productive C. productively D. produce
Question 10: A. relax B. relaxation C. relaxing D. relaxed
Question 11: A. inspiring B. inspire C. inspired D. inspiration
📢 ANNOUNCEMENT: EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO NATURAL DISASTER 📢
Attention everyone,
Due to the recent flood, we urge all residents to stay calm and follow (12) ______ protocols. Emergency
shelters have been set up at designated locations, and food, water, and medical (13) ______ are available.
Please avoid affected areas and follow the instructions of local authorities.
If you or anyone you know needs help, contact the emergency hotline 1900811. (14) ______ are also
needed for rescue and relief efforts. Let’s stand together and support those in need.
Stay (15) ______, stay safe, and look out for one another. Further updates will be provided as the
situation develops.
Thank you for your cooperation.
Question 12: A. safety B. safe C. safely D. unsafe
Question 13: A. assist B. assisted C. assistance D. assistant
Question 14 : A. Volunteers B. Volunteer C. Voluntary D. Voluntarily
Question 15: A. inform B. informed C. information D. informative