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OSCILLATION

The document discusses oscillation and periodic motion, defining periodic motion as the repetitive movement of a body after a specific time interval. It explains oscillatory motion, the restoring force involved, and introduces concepts such as simple harmonic motion (SHM) and differential equations related to SHM. Additionally, it covers energy in oscillatory systems, including kinetic and potential energy, and provides mathematical representations of oscillatory behavior.

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Modassir Ahmad
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7 views38 pages

OSCILLATION

The document discusses oscillation and periodic motion, defining periodic motion as the repetitive movement of a body after a specific time interval. It explains oscillatory motion, the restoring force involved, and introduces concepts such as simple harmonic motion (SHM) and differential equations related to SHM. Additionally, it covers energy in oscillatory systems, including kinetic and potential energy, and provides mathematical representations of oscillatory behavior.

Uploaded by

Modassir Ahmad
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Oscillation ' Periedic Motion :- The motion of a body in Baid te be tn perlodic motion Sy the bedy repeats ita meton after.a definite: Interval of me. err. Beating of Heart, Rotating of earth around Sun 1 Viovation ops-tuning: fork ete, | 7. OseiMation :--~ The periodic: motion jin Bhich , body executes to and (e_motion: qbout a. fined rete- Invence point (i.e) mean pos) along ame path. Raye meton ol USiniplsi Pandaltadas 0 ine mammcigeitilee 1. _ Norter+: Oscillatory motion ig . continuous dur. + the interaction of property of inertia 2% property of elaaheity, *%_ Hook's low > Restoring: force in oscillation, | & displacement covered : A a elastic, property of ayatem- - restoring forte always ctries to bring back thet body be eg I poa?. oa sae Le So many ogeitlakons exgt, (not only mechanical f One) Ake elechica oscit™ (for changes vebage, | ete) : i Oe tO Orr ns He [ nemonte Motion vo ne digpucenent oy wedy from mean pow can be exprensed ov Bn on F ne ane ot. an ple depending Upon time, Le Me asinwt or yeast’ ' : vey ved : @ | suv 2 ane motion of 4 body is said +: be SUM, then restoring force acting on body is girected boviard’s the, mesn pos” and vores directly with thes diaplacement: + | A mare matically y Fit ey ow Fe restoring dorte yt displacement from meon pos! Ana for opposite © dir” oy increasing dis platent{ n ahs ef rrqe sy iy 7 || Oiftferendial equation fer sH™ { At Instont: time. 4", ‘ restorin & force «On body = 1 Fa pees es > Ee - Ky —oOo there, K= force constort [spring con stuck: y= Ais placement: we Know bs a ebro. a 3 2 ; Ee ee = > ma = ~ky L 9) im ( d8ye Vas ky r ater] L Fe ky Dividing both side by m. Sow Sy pe ky 20 dt? ed i | | | | Let) ws ki =i] k=msr | m | Vn [ — : G ongaloss Frequen ty 2 AW + wry -=/0 dt Thia 13 “called. differential eo of SHM | bt} # i Note k. Navertpressed In Ney dimension = [MT]. — = = all fe Met Ny pee ky tke FS mitten rp g L : © || Solution for | differential eq” of SYM L i We have |: Oty! ety s HO ALe pene. mith pln 9 Le dy we get, at atedrating beth sides lg [ [dy \e = owt x co —o ( at/ | ee consort ely inte gration | | Letts Gnade | nen displacemant 18 man { bey yea ~ then dy =o ; at \ (rest ot extreme pos”) fe dy ed dt : ; 4 la Integreting beth sider, si en [¥\ 5 wt + > ae d= ansther conshant of integredon: N= _amplade . =. Al [v= asm(arz en] >| (ore 2) repera’” tebal phase Ok parkele at Hme 4 tc_and } = mixal grate When yao 5 -then g=0 r #lLorrer Soluhons of 3HM. i 5 1 1 eat = ||_ y= odinQotep); y= acoote >) Yt Asin wir Beoswt © yf =. 1, Sewt : * A |_wrere, A= acos $ ae Ae big = bs. sind \ be te (eg | Ver | Zo ve ney Geet | | wy |] characterist c ob S-H™. i all motion 39 ‘oaciladery - >|| Perce ond acceleration are direcded opposite b || d= displacement as Vell oy pro peraeea aves ai] His a motion. ing atraight line. “ TF | Tmeperiod is Independent oy amplitude. 1 i @ |} Amplitedes— mor Aiaplocement - i os FY t Sin (wars) t @|| Velocity 2- rate of change of oi splaceme AH ai week cme, i He E SA Also 3» lat y=oo Venox = Oo ( Mean Pos”) > lar Ye 294 Vmins 0 (Extreme Pos”) Acceleration |! = Time rote of change of velocity, = gyst ods fie oos (weet by i 7 fi a= -yw? At y= Aamdw = 9 (men Po8%) ool as ewe Praeitin’ a ricwet (Ceateeme pos) @ || Time Period s+” Time for: caverivig one Sci Neri0n. Using i ae wry Cony mu gintud) dawe 2 Pe! NS Algo wr 2h Fay [7 | ae rr 1 » a xi 1 yo « Prose ol SHMi- The phase of & “particle 1% defined oy the Bhate of vibrahongs og re poral AS tte position and dinechion gh imohon. | lis also ‘expressed in terms of angle, { Je 3% A way to-represent “oscillation oy a _rototing vecter in Ane tomblen plane. on \engr regual “bo” ampli Aw By is An angle trem the /-poalhve reali ot) 8 thot changes Over tHme, ay iWi¥ > | ica A Imagine o ‘vector (ehdsor) ope tength Ay rodahng — counterclockwise inthe complex plane. - The angle? oly this vector: Wh the real, Chonive n ~~ bt ania t4 O= wWktd, where + etme. L The projector’ Of sthig retry iphasor onto + the realoanig (ab ony times t ‘gives Ane Inghan + —rbaness Ahisplacemente: x(t) of the SH™.- if aCH = ASIN (wt x > ) Acos (wtt >) = —Awsin lott Let MrAz velocity VC) a) = Awe s (wt tp) - wn sn Cin phasor terms) means || The velocity potating the digplacement Phaser by 40 (or apy jon 1 T_mmutplving by ge? complex plane). | =| muhiplying ey iw or ge 13 a Way +o abbly ‘ a counter clockwise rotation in complex pli! Talons with 135 mogatude scales by @ = || : - | The aceelerahon in SHT! means another 0° I pokation , so Mts tne -dig placement « phexet yotated — by 180°; Cope: of di 0) 7 a Time (4) } 0d ,08)] Ty | Otley (37) 4) phasoonste (wt)] 0,20 Was = “R)a_ q Dig nec wWr| 0 Re ala velocity ly)] Aw 5 ae Jon age™ Cay ° = Av™ |e Ast 7] y al 9 | Geaprical rePres entovion lpipelace ment “Y= a 9inuot me ww) 4 1 ‘ vy fy ett Ra vicd¥= aes cos wt oe > | Srergy of O& Simple Harmonre . OstiNator -- -E Pe: Ere 7 erent x Energy presearsed by Kine dte ~ become Of StS mston . ase Norer ve aweos (wt +>) | Potential Energy io Ie 36 SSaytal Yo amount" of 2 | Stacyekay Wemin FO : [Levtreme Pos”) 5s ve dene by the restoring spree te _overweme rn mean pegr te a Aigplacement vy ji, | mall work .done by wesaoring pws des = ES = ~ Fay St (=) 2 cow bo” J reverse dir”), cdc Edy > || Ar rv=90 PREmins 0 [ Mean Pox] 2 [Oe'yce oy PrEman = 1 muta? — [cutreme fos”) * 2 7 || Tota) Snergy i i L Ereras = Ki E- > Py Bef K cr =m et eont(wrt ) 2 2 < : fied A mao sint (vot + o) 2 Pj -7 6 L > Erotat = 1 motustfain® (otirp ) + vos? (ott §)]- > L tb i] a > Vea 2 OY mothe™ > a aS Te 7 constant Te x ah Campiivad= a L, independent ef tme ond dig placement ererge a | T 27 ae ott energy X = Potential enemy. f A ee Z \ oe : oe oe <— l + Sle + C 7S. J 8 cee a placement 7 FE 37 || Apeiieanton oty SUM y— : é Go| simple pendulum sc ae ' Te mgeos® <= ey 4 ‘ r i ddven yore on _pendulwt 7 h « c a R 3 Fe -mg sind —O = | 2 FSMa = Yr "prov, 2 my: mor 0 = | een || = i. from WO 209; Q = = gino = or SsrmaN am p\iude » 8 — amas Sine ie “ GOe15968 ® = Algo, @= are at —_® L . radius x 1 7 kom WD 2 © Oe Se ke 2-4 yg — OF a a L Lk 2 ny goa hore congkandx 3 hy, motion of. pendulum ia SH, | i Also) ON 6h SHM se Seoty on + From QOD 2GD , a= =a y = — why i 2 we : A L _ | iS b Mesa clena loaded _Springir fe 1 Spring's exaenaion Ke Spang naire ample pendulum relies on gravida oie = . ; -|| Caroutat —> | A apring mann ayxiem ivelies on ieloic Pe = 7 = J sn_apring | a 1m Bar Pendulum s- lt Lonsishs, oly a rect on gobo vor capable of rok about axis XY paading Fhroayh ‘DO 2% perpendidest +s plane. i ~ * ty z we analin my 1 ve Let “ax! be angulox ae ol = riven torque S (Moment of inertia 2 We Gl 6 ae [ ~Ww = He 1 Tee) caer Tare wnitedy) E Fs ange a selec Sains [59 directed sowords mean -pon? fe erie sn Me ye G.| caloulate: displacement: at mdhick kee = P-E- SVVTTTTVTIVAAL Sl ke oP. BiicuG poe ols | VL m'v™CA7- x) 2 Pm ota 7 = on Sc lptewtre! whee f u ee aA s : el 1 : OG Keo ssm (art 473) x2 Adin (Ot 46) . AmplMida sy 1 Mga AW = 26 x4 = 6 _ WIT 2K { Qmok shu = Barts 1A — Soe cae pO = Aw om (wry g ) - + a rhb lars 2 Aw sinlwt + 4) = Pn Tl see! | = G Time period vn. & : a Unids ob Erne ev ye unit Remi t Kywt/ st Soule ——~ $! \ssule = 1 \ eolorie = UNE Soule. Ee se] eat—howr Lh) «) Wh =.3600 5: 2) KWh = 3.6 milton Toke “uli eV = 6 yo Soules | L BTV (Geto Thermal Unit ) Leto = Nos s Sows cC. \ Foot —pound L, -ftveibies 1.35522" Soe, ae Lherme 105-5 milVon Tous, ¢ Jah | Joule = 190% erg ——> COS nit Centimeden gram second, Lerg = | gem /s> Hw kaw te an Dm sys + \ Ok an Vm 3. avs slasin(snt) + 13 cos (srt) 4 fy = 119 din pes Lx MOO VG Vt ne Wow, gin (At BJs Sma cosy + COLAgin A Cone we. a =f Se h (am der : Me § [ sin Contoot JS cos(anty ) Ape ASin( Or $y whee : L Ae ALS =e oe and Ae alo lain ( 8Nt+ Ty) ot 18 = NGS 7 fey tye) Ar - a lformulay $- Sin COFb): Sind wSb + cogasink Hl Sin (Q-b)s sinatesb - cos a Sink © WS LAA), COSA COSb—. Siha sind KR s oS (Q-b)s SOQ COSb + SNASinb C a ton (Q¢ d+) tana + bond LS l= taney tant a santa): fanq~ tans : Lx tana-tand a scot HEIs GHtQ wtb =) i : cota t word L + Co Gla -b) WEE bs wth eect w cosine Hee? vo. ac Yur _ ent P&E aaine ea B- re aee tee ein Oe = te SinrO xa 222 atom & y-eanad ginash b= I {cos Care) = =U a copa WHKE L (ees tort) + wsla: ft Cas} | J v fenton ‘gms Cane) | a A Sind wos = : =| Snersy in sume = ZY eL Exeroh = y ‘tea® = 1 mw a - : = a 7 . Eign ey WSs oN mt (Att) = L a _ e Epos = Kate | mutant = ye o j . Wi Free; Vibration. in thig vibration, enersy remank constont and amplidsuds OS} vibration | doee nod chan ve with Hime, Undam ped Wir, . |] medium hoy no resigdance, - Srey . \ Nemplituds 1 7 glee ttap f > Aime Time | KZ 1 we || Damped Wibration:- ose! ation of simple pendulum grops — (renersy lout) s clue te drichon QD reista- & =nee of airs The resistance offered Ss aw = damping (four - 7 % || Damping force 19 ‘proportional -te veleaity of S Sf widrating body, and acts opposite to diy of — mation of body.” ek SS b _ Damped Harmonie Vibration ye = ‘ pe vibraxion ob abedy Is J pemped Harmonie ,tf the mative | resistance on the body such that and amplitude o% vibraHon decreases: wit, eee fom { fen K ZX ee | Time @ | vigcrerentol eq? fer D-H-V wren Q body is Aiaplaced in restricted meg m Wwe apres. tty Frearorng =o ky : “ety Foamping = ob vv » Cb— dampi ~ =-b dy Wom ) dt Nergerce 9 Fy ea = aibdy dt 7 oa om aty 4+ Ky Y bday =9 ATM etek dk, 2 Sy Js ki y b+ ib dys =9 aa ifferental ev? oy Biniv. i Stic OY baeidy + wery = or ine ee ae Let. 0 sett be (4) = Ape CD where , A & & are Consdanda, 7 1 Now 5, edgy a at ASME ey ory gt = ATP ey Cie egy Be ib —7_domping, efficient: am a ‘ 2 os! = qe Angulo frogeenuy » Special Cases. of ‘Damping we GB ||CaseTi- BAW | s dampingforce £ rea toring force. Under damping / Light damping Let gr = Sut ve 3 Oy Ash = Jjetwe 2 Wy C= Re Sos (wrt+ 8) on 97" z QD < eit Axe fost A, ety) 3 expand" tn t ma pond 9 Atrm& ok | Cosine 2 Sine Using : Suleris. fern. uy . hs eT en £85 (uk al Bin (wt) i £ C6 = Cos + ¢ in -> Batons gem -- et fromO, Ay ety pre tert = LAL ost rAd + A, OC Sin (9,4) a Agzoos Got) + Anisin st) WSCA. Go KA ene en HOWE Ae MT Ade - SCA AR) Coos it) ) wt CA Aa k(sin Cort).) lee Ars at the 3 Aas ath = 26 WRAY) os 5 . y . ‘ \ Be &ining new Wn wtontx Cre Oye AR eg se CCA An) i= ye Pane COS (att Cy Sin (et) = eo [TR we (wt -4)9 b= fereae 7A 1) | | CAyt hr)» = (Ai- Ary vA = a TAAL © || Time pericad :- = So PD parse Were aR = an \ i, | Nae | ) : pene E t af 2 ' % WI? FRAN SL vil Sxomples oy 9 Under’ dom ping: = = _osaiarion oy ssime@e™ pendulum tn air > Vibration og tuning fork in alr me dium. y ‘ vy 3 © ||| Logarithmic decrementlA)ay under dameed. ose lin a _iementuren the rate ab which amplidudu of © “damped wibrodtion ~ détrea $$ > Two successive ampli study Be, PE = (447, b Atle) = de pe &* 2 fT al] decremens tn Ae POET) ame iao = RT phe degahe pty] - ave @.0 2R 4 e i ; L logpritmmic decrement ia log of succes give 7 amples, - Ollesme die Por (Bt7OS) a ~~ damping force 7 restoring forte, ¥ Fite Pha wees af Le £9: [Link]: damping girlime axl |ge e Pf bet are FL ! eee > KK] Under very very heavy damping , there is no A viteration at ‘oll. It takey a long Hme bo a return te mean pot, Non-Oscil thoy / Apedtodic. _ Amphttuds . a a + dima __ gus ah over domey te pendulum in Mon ol Sime > me Casee Wy B™ 2 WS > domping forte = reaistive force Ord damping Cin min time , readuy = gt 2 0! ae ev F FLA aad onl Ye ce F* wher e Are Age & The displacement decreases to. ume Perey norcoseta hy & body sreturn to eg) pos? in min Hing, seit Cron -onutitioy) «overdamped “4 4 CLs a> Undamped > underdomped YS o> crt eally do mpeg. Felis! = 1 | [4 Pe Zz cine ; ~ & Pago al Use to praperty ok crtH cel domping ta used = In designing eclectical, mea %urementy ps instruments | Vike | dead beat ballighte L galvanomeden = see a: | Dam png ve : 7 a syle = Ae®* . au - : prvi + ye te BT ae Ber ty Ape Tr hale : underdampiny { pr F,2-y ye Damping force (medium) Fi =-by Periodic yorte (evternalagent) >» Fs Fue ub Netfortes Fit Fa + Fe. a omd’y ts -ky - by +Fcwt ot te a odty +b dy +k y w= F cosuot- Rh 34 dogs tn wu —a Eq O! becomes » : ae 7 dty + [Link]- + Wey = Rwswt ae mish ee aging Differential og? fpr Fwy, ——© “Cinhomogengousy, Linda 20 order D+ 4%) Wren uber 6% veiw for: qonenk « damping ererdlast®= ytt) = Ye (t) + Yoelt) pest ae For_come lime ntow sa” ( ye c+)) rote h Grex ay 4 te dy PH wary so ewe ei wel ) pot A cos (we~ gd) oo, dy = ~awsin(wt => ) dt : a dy = -ast cost wt- >) i dxé l Substitute “tnese value jn -) , al -awteos (wt- P}- 2a Bes (wt- p) + awg coa(wtp) = Res | (wt o) + 6] Sw CWF- vot) 08 CWOt- HJ) A A HW sin (se o ‘ie = Rees (wt- th) cos b= @ sin( We o dein comporing efectent~ both aide, Ne yok wey) ‘atvrt-9F) = Rees! —_ ® {sand | AR APO Regih > = # squdring ® a®. Land adding.’ LWe: ek at LCwd -wr)* + yer) = ah Lege) Or, Jae sk : | AOE. OT ae | : menses |ye = R_.c0s (wt-$) | Mt Yo + Ye on] ye Be ®*cog ise 23] ¥ we lus 8 1 cos (wt~s ) § | er Tee ) i G general go1” of Eeuwv. de = fet oat eee e416) => Tranisien/t: atate which dies quay withtm Yes @ co s (wt ~ $') A Cot ety Up TO — Steody State BON, yrowh oes ‘ ' 1 Frequenty Oly “E. Osellgtor > It vibrates c-4 awit Xn e frequency / ‘equak jo + breyten of apphed fortes _ : tet ie we i 2 Oe oi] : Kl emanes Pruredife:’ blw oselletor 2 exsernal O+Os : Go apse [abo ) [exe] v at lamp\uder- Las | ff |] veloutdy: t= Ye =a cos (wi-O) | ye dye = —Aveasin(wr- >) | dt ] “RQ + cosas 4 Ss et 4 BX ag Todgt @rergy t- “Sarpy ee Exiga + Eee) = Auer Akg z BL Brey 2) muto™ sine (t=) FL awsa™ wes [wens 4 2h x || Average @nerd rie. = an £E7 cma, fy LW tar. ke D 2D ae 7 ( Zot eon py zes Loos™ (vst=) 7 = I \ La NU AL ty bs ee eee] eed ae { Power absorbtion di dissipation ra I T ) | A Avg: fewer aueplied by perladic Garin a oa ae re eScillator Ceower Abperpaton) ts TT eqnok xo OY. power A! 88 pated (power los +) 1 ageing the reaisdve Jorte or damping fou. | : Power lesa =" Fitging V a dai ei = bvt = am Buy® = (damping p veloc'-ty oon op P+) io = 2m Bor wor Bt (wt- hb ) [ aie 2 # || of Betting a | body inte. vibration... by: the application ob A otrong pesiodicn four jguch rat, The Lrequenyy, 7 ox impressed four coinesder with the hatwtal frequency) OF body, i . % emia _vilwahon job “wih poe hh “Qir_tolumn- gran cht ahepa’ oven i ‘Su perndsion bH Qo ie probiates? . (R bfw ‘brid ge impr fore): re TF ——— ee © During resononte the body avsuby ey energy from dhe applied force: Thotg oN The amplde of VIbKAKON nereosas, i >» | Analydre 9 = Fer Regonante , ameliude s oj, Hy in Steady otate should be mam, 4 See A C2."- wot) * 4 Uptae a seomin® of J (eS Sy upie GW dk zo should be aa) ee | vel od | foray + ue@to™ ]= 0 a ae [a 22 (40% wot) Se (Hew) Rerw =0 Ba coy 2 . = \ penn 2 Coto) (yoy 4 Bpruw =5 ~ Oe =ury igh 2 \vas a ee- 264] Wao Resonance cry guloot pre que ‘ CoH Hon ayer Reronamnce. pine ‘ “yin yor Amal) damping: « ( Wer Be) i Pea | Le : | 2 chardeleriahic s of Ron anter- Ww Reaononee pregrenty:- The angular frequency fer which ampliiude Ob vibration peconax wnarnimum - 7 eee Loree | Resongynce anguldn frtqnents + ae Resonance joranenty es dy Resononte Anplituder- mex amelnids for which resonance Came soi ke Ra Coz R AG apy TF 4 (poes a@ipono pe ees) Regenonre “onipl’ wide @ Vont damping, => C @ <| Bs wre freauerey C0? o's aepphed) Mme reased of decreased fon valu (ws) joe yy iy Peso mong 4 dine Valve of Orns \8u de | decreagen, The rate ob fan Oy ampli oa: Mmeon Kye : i 7 | When the amplitude ~ falls rapidly tax a gmail = change in (Wo), the reSononte *e - Sharp. 7 yi wher the amelitide foie “slouly for 4 alge Z charge §5 (09) |) dre reaonanten ig lok ‘ peer Vy ‘seshere kesoronce , a lat Ressnance t \ a 3 lites = = onputoy we FO Uke — 0) ! When clamping is amall, resonance 19 shore and when dombing ia large, Re , FB M5 very small, wo =, +t B [eSic On 1s eee Band Wd+th Of Resononce luxe, — Sd | Lo dikectly proportional te dlampin 9 wonstant. — Quality Factor ( O- Factor) - tea Tre ~qualthy factor ic for 4 forced oscillator — ie/depined ag the rato -b/s org. energy Tqaored de the average enersy dissipated per yor: is , t ee Ja-Eactor = AR iX avgrienergy sapre di 5 avg. energy dissipated ah Sager’ One complete evele |) not ors per see oa Que 21 on Eravy | vA ge hae cesetordos faa! Tg: Pav Poti en aang AS resononte) We We Tera = 6 CEy = mot (Weber) ro i 7 L Leys mew ead a Di Pago fe JO = Pepe” Loin rem o NH@Me | enersy de In Aerms ols bandwidth wren domping ig Nght: : _ 28g {= Cee Rerononey Preaueny =~ wy _ Ws Chand aidth Ae, 2g ' | 7 = |dampng xe & \ « GopRam ke Energy lon | : ; v Pair Lt] Appitcation: of: Resonance r rest fe Ceeteay | | | | ie swinging, pendulum y. 2 || Vivroting adn. Wke . tbrdge, [uti dingy, = 3, LC cireult resonate a4 sheeted freeuienc v- i 4 || munical inshumenss preduce gound, 6] Raonane In Breakers enhances xound qpokiy . Ulb+asound machine Cr Imaging Jo 25 al] Testing degeedta in ynabertals,

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