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Vector

The document outlines the fundamentals of vectors and 3D geometry, including definitions of position vectors, operations like addition and dot/cross products, and applications such as work done and torque. It also covers key geometric concepts like distance between points, equations of lines and planes, and methods to find angles and distances in 3D space. Additionally, it provides quick memory tricks for remembering vector operations and properties.

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senthamila22
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16 views3 pages

Vector

The document outlines the fundamentals of vectors and 3D geometry, including definitions of position vectors, operations like addition and dot/cross products, and applications such as work done and torque. It also covers key geometric concepts like distance between points, equations of lines and planes, and methods to find angles and distances in 3D space. Additionally, it provides quick memory tricks for remembering vector operations and properties.

Uploaded by

senthamila22
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

VECTOR & 3D MIND MAP

● VECTOR BASICS

⤷ Position vector: A(x₁, y₁, z₁) = x₁i + y₁j + z₁k

⤷ Magnitude: |A| = √(x₁² + y₁² + z₁²)

⤷ Unit vector: Ȧ = A / |A|

⤷ Direction cosines: l = x/|A|, m = y/|A|, n = z/|A| (l² + m² +


n² = 1)

● OPERATIONS

⤷ Addition: A + B = (x₁+x₂)i + (y₁+y₂)j + (z₁+z₂)k

⤷ Subtraction: A - B = (x₁-x₂)i + (y₁-y₂)j + (z₁-z₂)k

⤷ Scalar multiplication: kA = kx₁i + ky₁j + kz₁k

⤷ Dot product: A·B = x₁x₂ + y₁y₂ + z₁z₂ = |A||B|cosθ


► Use: Find angle θ → cosθ = (A·B) / (|A||B|)

⤷ Cross product: A×B = |i j k|


|x₁ y₁ z₁|
|x₂ y₂ z₂|
► Magnitude |A×B| = |A||B|sinθ → area of parallelogram
► Direction: Right-hand rule (perpendicular to plane)
● APPLICATIONS

⤷ Projection of A on B: (A·B̂ )B̂ = [(A·B)/|B|²]B

⤷ Work done: W = F·s (dot product)

⤷ Moment of force (Torque): τ = r×F (cross product)

⤷ Collinear vectors: A = kB (or A×B = 0)

⤷ Coplanar vectors: [A B C] = 0 (scalar triple product)

● 3D GEOMETRY

⤷ Distance between points P(x₁, y₁, z₁) & Q(x₂, y₂, z₂):
PQ = √((x₂-x₁)² + (y₂-y₁)² + (z₂-z₁)²)

⤷ Section formula (internal m:n):


R = ((mx₂+nx₁)/(m+n), (my₂+ny₁)/(m+n),
(mz₂+nz₁)/(m+n))

⤷ Direction ratios (a, b, c) → direction cosines (l, m, n):


l = a/√(a²+b²+c²), m = b/√(a²+b²+c²), n = c/√(a²+b²+c²)

⤷ Equation of line:
● Vector form: r = a + λb (a = position vector of point, b
= direction vector)
● Cartesian: (x-x₁)/a = (y-y₁)/b = (z-z₁)/c

⤷ Equation of plane:
● Vector form: (r-a)·n = 0 (n = normal vector)
● Cartesian: Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 (A, B, C = direction
ratios of normal)
⤷ Angle between two lines (direction cosines l₁,m₁,n₁ &
l₂,m₂,n₂): cosθ = l₁l₂ + m₁m₂ + n₁n₂

⤷ Angle between line (direction vector b) & plane (normal


n): sinθ = |b·n| / (|b||n|)

⤷ Distance of point P(x₀, y₀, z₀) from plane


Ax+By+Cz+D=0:d = |Ax₀+By₀+Cz₀+D| / √(A²+B²+C²)

⤷ Shortest distance between two skew lines:


d = |(a₂-a₁)·(b₁×b₂)| / |b₁×b₂| (a₁,a₂ position vectors;
b₁,b₂ direction vectors)

● QUICK MEMORY TRICKS

⤷ “i j k” determinant for cross product

⤷ “Dot = cosθ, Cross = sinθ” (magnitude)

⤷ “DR × DR → DC” (direction ratios → direction cosines)

⤷ “Plane: Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 → Normal = (A, B, C)”

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