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Exception Handling in Python

The document provides an overview of error types in Python, including Syntax, Logical, and Runtime errors, along with examples. It explains exception handling mechanisms using try-except blocks and introduces keywords such as else, finally, raise, and assert for managing errors. Additionally, it lists common Python exceptions with examples and offers quick tips for effective error management.

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4 views4 pages

Exception Handling in Python

The document provides an overview of error types in Python, including Syntax, Logical, and Runtime errors, along with examples. It explains exception handling mechanisms using try-except blocks and introduces keywords such as else, finally, raise, and assert for managing errors. Additionally, it lists common Python exceptions with examples and offers quick tips for effective error management.

Uploaded by

moleda5745
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Python Error Types & Exception Handling — Study Guide

Introduction to Errors

Errors are issues or defects that prevent a program from executing correctly. Understanding different
types of errors helps in writing robust and bug-free code.

Types of Errors in Python

1. Syntax Error

 Occurs due to formatting mistakes.

 Also called Parsing Errors.

 Example:

print("Youth Af"

2. Logical Error

 Occurs due to flawed logic.

 Code runs but gives incorrect or unexpected output.

 Example:

# Intended to perform addition print(6 - 9)

3. Runtime Error

 Errors that occur during program execution.

 Also called Exceptions.

 Common causes:

o Dividing by zero

o Opening a non-existent file

 Example:

print(5 / 0)

Exception Handling

 A mechanism to handle runtime errors.

 Prevents the program from crashing.

 Allows the programmer to manage unexpected situations using try-except blocks.

Quick Tips for Error Management

 ✅ Test your code for edge cases.

 ✅ Use try-except to catch and handle exceptions.

 ✅ Debug logical errors by tracing the flow and expected outcomes.


Core Exception Handling Keywords with Code Examples
try

Tests a block of code for errors.

try:

x = 10 / 0

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("Cannot divide by zero")

except

Handles the error if one occurs in the try block. (See above)

else

Executes if no error occurs in the try block.

try:

x = 10 / 2

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("Error")

else:

print("Division successful:", x)

finally

Executes code regardless of the result of try and except.

try:

x = 10 / 0

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("Error")

finally:

print("This always runs")

raise

Used to raise a custom exception.

def check_age(age):

if age < 18:

raise ValueError("Must be at least 18")

check_age(15)
assert

Tests an expression; raises an exception if the result is false.

x=5

assert x > 10, "x must be greater than 10"

⚠️Common Python Errors / Exceptions with Code Examples


ZeroDivisionError

Raised when attempting to divide a number by zero.

x = 10 / 0

ValueError

Raised when an invalid argument or input is provided.

int("abc")

IOError (OSError)

Raised when an I/O operation (e.g., file read/write) fails.

open("[Link]")

TypeError

Raised when an operation is applied to an inappropriate data type.

len(42)

NameError

Raised when a variable or function name is not found in the current scope.

print(undeclared_variable)

IndexError

Raised when an index is out of range for a list, tuple, etc.

lst = [1, 2, 3] print(lst[5])

KeyError

Raised when a key is not found in a dictionary.

my_dict = {"a": 1} print(my_dict["b"])

✅ Quick Notes

 Use try-except blocks to handle exceptions gracefully.

 else runs only if no exception occurs.

 finally is useful for cleanup actions like closing files or releasing resources.

 raise and assert help enforce custom logic and validation.

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