Cisco CCNA Routing and
Switching
Network 02
Lecture 01
Introduction To Router
Router
Type of Routers
Functional of a Router
Functional of a Router
• Internetworking is used to represent and
connect internal network in the world
• Internet network Best Path Selection (Routing)
is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a
network, or between or across multiple networks.
• Packet switching is a method of grouping data
that is transmitted over a digital network into
packets. Packets are made of a header and a
payload.
• Packet forwarding is the relaying of packets from
one network segment to another by nodes in a
computer network.
Cisco Switches and Routers
LAN Connectivity
LAN Connectivity
Console Port
Console access requires:
• Console cable – RJ-45-to-DB-9
console cable
• Terminal emulation software –
TeraTerm, PuTTY, HyperTerminal
Interfaces of a Router
Routers are Computers
Routers are specialized computers containing
the following required components to
operate:
1. Central processing unit (CPU)
2. Operating system (OS)
3. Router Cisco IOS
4. Memory and storage:
• RAM
• ROM
• NVRAM
• Flash
• Hard Drive
Internal components of a Router
Internal components of a Router
Router Basic
Configurations
Lab 01
Router Console Modes of CLI:
Basic commands of Router
Router>
Router> enable
privilege mode إuser mode يقوم بالدخول من
Router #
Router # show version
Router# show IP route
Router# show IP interface brief
interfaces
Router #
Router # Configure Terminal
واﳌنافذconfiguration mode للدخول ا إعدادات النظام
interfaces
Or
Router # Conf T
Router(config)# host Router01
لعمل سمية للروتر او السو ش
Router01(config)# exit
للرجوع خطوة ل لف
Router01(config)# end
Privilage mode للرجوع ا
Router01#
Lab 1 Set Router Password
Router #
Router # Configure Terminal
Or
Router # Conf T
Router(config)# enable password
1234
Router01(config)# exit
Router01# show running
Lab 1 Set Router Secret
Router #
Router # Configure Terminal
Or
Router # Conf T
Router(config)# enable Secret 1234
Router01(config)# exit
Router01# show running
Steps of recovering router password
Configuration Register 0x2102
Router(config)# boot system flash:
0x2142 ---- password recovery
1- power recycle
2- CTR- break/pause
3- Rommon1> confreg 0x2142
4- > reset
5- Router>
6- Router# copy start run
7- Router # -------------------------- change password
8- Router(config)# config-register 0x2102
9- Router# wr
Telnet connection:
Telnet. A terminal
protocol used on the
Internet and TCP/IP-based
networks.
A Telnet program allows
a user at a terminal
or PC to log in to a
remote computer and
run a program and
execute other Unix
commands.
How to Establish Telnet connection:
Router> en
Router # conf ter
Router(config)# enable password 1234
Router(config)# line vty 0 15 Set Telnet
Router(config-line)# password 123456 Password
Router(config-line)# login
Router(config-line)# exit
Router (config)# interface f0/1
Router (config-if)# ip address
[Link] [Link] Set Router
Router (config-if)# no shut IP Address
Router(config-if)# end
Router# wr
Telnet Connection to Router form PC :
From Server:
• CMD ping [Link]
• CMD Telnet [Link]
• Enter username and password
Backup IOS router software
Configure TFTP Server
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
(TFTP) is an Internet
software utility for
transferring files that is
simpler to use than the File
Transfer Protocol (FTP) but
less capable. It is used where
user authentication and
directory visibility are not
required.
Copy Router configuration to TFTP
Server
Restore Router configuration from
TFTP Server
1- connect router to network
2- set new ip address to new router
3. Ping new TFTP server [Link]
Restore Router configuration from
TFTP Server
4 -From new router (privilege mode)
5- use
Router# copy TFTP running-config
6- Enter TFTP IP and backup file name
Add Serial Interface steps:
Open Router properties
Add Serial Interface steps:
Shutdown the Router
Add Serial Interface steps:
Drag WIC-1T from modules to
empty slot
Add Serial Interface steps:
Power-On the Router
Connect Two Serial interfaces
Choose Serial Connection
Connect Two Serial interfaces
Connect Two Serial interfaces Click Roter0
and choose serial interface then click to
Router1 and choose a serial interface
Network 02 - Lecture 02
Types of routing
Static Router
Default Gateways
To enable network access devices
must be configured with the
following IP address information
IP address - Identifies a unique
host on a local network.
Subnet mask - Identifies the
host’s network subnet.
Default gateway - Identifies the
router a packet is sent to when the
destination is not on the same local
network subnet.
Default gateway must have an IP
address in the same range as the
rest of the LAN.
If a device has no default gateway
or a bad default gateway, its traffic The host will know the default
will not be able to leave the LAN. gateway either statically or
through DHCP
IP Routing
Routing Network Diagram
Switching Packets between Networks
Forward to the Next Hop
Exit interface
Conditions for Routing
Types of Routing
• Direct Connected
• Static Route
• Dynamic Route
Routing Table Sources
Show IP route command is used to display the contents of
the routing table
Link local Interfaces –Added to the routing table when
an interface is configured. (displayed in IOS 15 or newer)
Directly connected interfaces -Added to the routing
table when an interface is configured and active.
Static routes - Added when a route is manually
configured and the exit interface is active.
Dynamic routing protocol - Added when EIGRP or
OSPF are implemented and networks are identified.
Routing Table Sources
Static Routing
Manually configured
Define an explicit path between two networking devices.
Must be manually updated if the topology changes.
Benefits include improved security and control of resources.
Static route to a specific network.
IP route networkmask {next-hop-ip | exit-intf}
Default Static Route used when the routing table does not
contain a path for a destination network.
IP route [Link] [Link] {exit-intf | next-hop-ip
Static Routing Configuration
STATIC ROUTING ON IPv4 NETWORK
Configuration
OBJECTIVE:
To configure Static Routing on IPv4 Network for ending communication
between different networks connected to different routers. To set up
static routes on R1, R2, R3 to connect to each other’s local networks.
Topology:
Setup Ethernet connectivity for the lab as below:
Task:
Verify IPv4 Routing Table
Configure Static Routing on IPv4 Network
Verify Static Routing on IPv4 Network
Verify communication between the IPv4 networks
Verify IPv4 Routing Table
Configure Static Routing on IPv4 Network
R1 – Configuration:
R1#conf t
R1(config)# iproute [Link] [Link] [Link]
R2 – Configuration:
R2#conf t
R2(config)#iproute [Link] [Link] [Link]
Verify Static Routing on IPv4 Network
Verify communication between the IPv4
networks
PC1> ping [Link]
84 bytes from [Link] icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=62.434 ms
84 bytes from [Link] icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=62.450 ms
84 bytes from [Link] icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=62.502 ms
84 bytes from [Link] icmp_seq=4 ttl=62 time=62.492 ms
84 bytes from [Link] icmp_seq=5 ttl=62 time=62.726 ms
Configure Static route
with serial links
Task 01: Configure R1 – Static route
1. R1#conf t
2. R1 (config)#interface f0/0
3. R1 (config -if)# ip address [Link]
[Link]
4. R1 (config -if)# no shutdown
5. R1 (config -if)# exit
6. R1 (config )# interface S0/0/0
7. R1 (config -if)# ip address [Link]
[Link]
8. R1 (config -if)# no shutdown
9. R1 (config -if)# exit
10.R1 (config)# ip route [Link]
[Link] s0/0/0
Task 02: Configure R2 – Static Route
1. R2#conf t
2. R2 (config)#interface f0/0
3. R2 (config -if)#ip address [Link]
[Link]
4. R2(config -if)# no shutdown
5. R2(config -if)# exit
6. R2(config )# interface S0/0/0
7. R2(config -if)# ip address [Link]
[Link]
8. R2(config -if)# no shutdown
9. R2(config -if)# exit
10.R2(config)# ip route [Link]
[Link] s0/0/0
Task 03: Test Static Route
Verify the routes on Router R1:
R1# show ip route
Verify the routes on Router R2:
R2# show ip route
Verifying the ping reply from
Server1 to PC01:
Server > ping [Link]
Configure static route for the follwing:
Test the connection ping from Server1
to PCs (PC01 and PC02)
Cisco CCNA Routing and Switching
Lecture 03
Routing Information Protocol
(RIP)
Routing vs. Routed Protocols
Routing protocols are used between
routers to:
Determine the path of a packet through a network
Maintain routing tables
Examples: RIP, OSPF and EIGRP
Routed protocols are:
Assigned to an interface
Once the path is determined by the Routing
protocol, determines method of delivery
Examples IPv4, IPv6, AppleTalk and IPX/SPX
Dynamic Routing Protocols
Routing Protocols
EIGRP
Routing Protocols
Popular Routing Protocols
In this chapter, we discuss two intra-domain routing
protocols: distance vector and link state
For the inter-domain routing protocol, we introduce path
vector
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is the implementation
of the distance vector protocol
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is the implementation of
the link state protocol
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the implementation of
the path vector protocol
Routing Updates
METRIC
Router metrics can contain any number of
values that help the router determine the
best route among multiple routes to a
destination. A router metric typically based on
information like path length, bandwidth, load, hop
count, path cost, delay, Maximum Transmission Unit
(MTU), reliability and communications cost.
Discovering Routes
Discovering Routes
RIP Overview
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic
protocol used to find the best route or path from
end-to-end (source to destination) over a network
by using a routing metric/hop count algorithm.
RIP Versions
• Two versions of RIP, version 1 and version 2.
• RIP version 2 allows the use of variable length
subnet masks (VLSM) by sending subnet mask
information with each route update
• Distance Vector – same AD, and timers.
• Easy configuration, just add the
• command “version 2” under the router rip configuration
RIPv1 vs. RIPv2
Discontiguous
Timer in RIP Addressing
Two networks of the same Classful networks
are separated by a different network address
– OSPF, EIGRP, and RIPv2 can advertise subnet masks,
and therefore can support discontiguous subnets.
Passive Interface
Not send RIP updates out your router interface
connected to the Internet.
Use the passive-interface command:
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#passive-interface
Timer in RIP
RIP uses 3 timers. The periodic timer controls the
sending of messages, the expiration timer governs the
validity of a route, and the garbage collection timer
advertises the failure of a route
RIPv2 Configuration and Verification
Step 1. Use the router rip command in global configuration mode to move
into RIP configuration mode.
Step 2. Use the version 2 command in RIP configuration mode to tell the
router to use RIP Version 2.
Step 3. Use one or more network net-number commands in RIP
configuration mode to enable RIP on the correct interfaces.
RIPv2 Configuration and Verification
The following are the three actions:
■ The router sends routing updates out the interface.
■ The router listens for and processes incoming updates on
that same interface.
■ The router advertises about the subnet connected to the
interface.
RIPv2 Verification
RIP Auto summarization
Auto summarization is a feature which
allows Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
to summarize its routes to their Classful
networks automatically.
Routing Information Protocol
(RIP) IPv4
Configure Routing Information
Protocol (RIP) with serial links
Task 01: Configure R1 – RIPv2
1. R1#conf t
2. R1 (config)#interface f0/0
3. R1 (config -if)#ip address [Link]
[Link]
4. R1 (config -if)# no shutdown
5. R1 (config -if)# exit
6. R1 (config )# interface S0/0/0
7. R1 (config -if)# ip address [Link]
[Link]
8. R1 (config -if)# no shutdown
9. R1 (config -if)# end
10. R1#
Task 01: Configure R1 – RIPv2
1. R1#conf t
2. R1 (config)#
3. R1(config)# router rip
4. R1(config-router)# ver 2
5. R1(config-router)# net [Link]
6. R1(config-router)# net [Link]
7. R1(config-router)# no auto-summary
8. R1(config-router)# end
9. R1# show ip route
10.R1# show ip protocol
11. R1# show ip rip database
Task 02: Configure R2 – RIPv2
1. R2#conf t
2. R2 (config)#interface f0/0
3. R2 (config -if)#ip address [Link]
[Link]
4. R2(config -if)# no shutdown
5. R2(config -if)# exit
6. R2(config )# interface S0/0/0
7. R2(config -if)# ip address [Link]
[Link]
8. R2(config -if)# no shutdown
9. R2(config -if)# exit
10. R2 (config -if)# end
11. R2#
Task 02: Configure R2 – RIPv2
1. R2#conf t
2. R2 (config)#
3. R2(config)# router rip
4. R2(config-router)# ver 2
5. R2(config-router)# net [Link]
6. R2(config-router)# net [Link]
7. R2(config-router)# no auto-summary
8. R2(config-router)# end
9. R2# show ip route
10. R2# show ip protocol
11. R2# show ip rip database
Task 03: Test Static Route
Verify the routes on Router R1:
R1# show ip route
Verify the routes on Router R2:
R2# show ip route
Verifying the ping reply from
Server1 to PC01:
Server > ping [Link]
Assignment 1A :
Configure RIPv2 for the following:
Test the connection ping from Server1
to PCs (PC01 and PC02)
Assignment 1B
Configure RIPv2 for the following: