Solution for Assignment 2

Question 1

i) Each drive wheel of a car accelerating up a 12° slope has the forces shown in the Figure
below acting on it. Determine the direction of the resultant in terms of the angle.

ii) Specify the slope for the right-angle force system in the Figure below.

Solution

The directions of the resultants are

(i)
8
tan−1 + 12°, anticlockwise to the positive x axis
3

(ii)

3
4
Question 2

Determine the resultant of the forces shown in the Figure below using a vector triangle, cosine law,
and sine law.

Solution

122°

Use cosine rule to determine R and sine rule to determine 𝛼, then

𝑅 = √1202 + 2502 − 2(120)(250) cos 122°

𝑅 = √1202 + 2502 − 2(120)(250) cos(180° − 58°)

𝑅 = √1202 + 2502 + 2(120)(250) cos 58°

𝑅 = √1202 + 2502 + 2(120)(250) sin 32°

Therefore, using sine rule,
sin 𝛼 sin 122°
=
120 𝑁 𝑅
sin 𝛼 sin(180° − 58°)
=
120 𝑅
sin 𝛼 sin 58°
=
120 𝑁 𝑅

sin 58°
𝛼 = sin−1 ( × 120 N)
𝑅

cos 32°
𝛼 = sin−1 ( × 120 N)
𝑅

The direction will be

sin 58°
𝛼 + 82° = sin−1 ( × 120) + 82°,
√1202 + 2502 + 2(120)(250) cos 58°

OR

cos 32°
𝛼 + 82° = sin−1 ( × 120) + 82°,
√1202 + 2502 + 2(120)(250) sin 32°

Clockwise from the positive x-axis

Question 3

Determine the horizontal and vertical components of each vector in the Figures below.

(i)

(ii)

Solution

(i)

The horizontal component: The vertical component”

(28 ft/sec)cos(−115°) , (28 ft/sec) sin(−115°) ,

−(28 ft/sec) cos 65° = (28 ft/sec) cos(65°) ←, −(28 ft/sec) sin 65° = 28 sin(65°) ↓,
−(28 ft/sec) sin 25° = (28 ft/sec) sin 25° ← or, −(28 ft/sec) cos 25° = (28 ft/sec) cos 25 ↓
(28 ft/sec)cos(245°) . 28 sin(245°) ft/sec.
 (ii)

e horizonThe horizontal component: The vertical component:

4 3
∙ 40 N ←, ∙ 40 N ↓,
5 5
40 ∙ cos 36.9° N ←, 40 ∙ sin 36.9° N ↓,
40 ∙ sin 53.1° N ←, 40 ∙ cos 53.1° N ↓.
40 ∙ cos(−143.1°) N, or 40 ∙ sin(−143.1°) N, or
40 ∙ cos(216.9°) N 40 ∙ sin(216.9°) N

Question 4

For the given x-y-axes orientation with the angle 80° between the axes (Figure below),

80°
resolve each force shown in the Figures below into components in the x- and y-directions

(i)
 (ii)

Solution

(i)

80°

Horizontal component, 𝐹𝑥 Vertical component, 𝐹𝑦

100 N 100 N
= ∙ sin 40° , ↗ 20° = ∙ sin 40° , 80° ↖
sin 100° sin 100°

100 N 100 N
= ∙ cos 50° , ↗ 20° = ∙ cos 50° , 80° ↖
sin 80° sin 80°

100 N
= ∙ cos 50° , ↗ 20° 100 N
cos 10° = ∙ cos 50° , 80° ↖
cos 10°
(ii)

80°

Horizontal component, 𝐹𝑥 Vertical component, 𝐹𝑦

12 kN
= ∙ sin 20° , ↗ 20°
sin 80° = 12 kN, ↘ 80°

12 kN
= ∙ cos 70° , ↗ 20°
cos 10°

Question 5

Determine the MAGNITUDE of the resultant of the x and y-components shown in the Figure
below.
Solution

25°

Horizontal component, 𝐹𝑥 Vertical component, 𝐹𝑦

15 8
∙ (204 N) ∙ (204 N)
17 17
(70 N) ∙ cos 65°/ (70 N) ∙ sin 25° −(70 N) ∙ sin 65°/ −(70 N) ∙ cos 25°
−(160 N) sin 15°/−(160 N) cos 75° −(160 N) cos 15°/ −(160 N) sin 75°

Resultant of the x-component

15
R𝑥 = ∙ (204 N) + (70 N) ∙ cos 65° − (160 N) sin 15°
17
OR
15
R𝑥 = ∙ (204 N) + (70 N) ∙ sin 25° − (160 N) cos 75°
17

Resultant of the y-component

8
R𝑦 = − ∙ (204 N) − (70 N) ∙ sin 65° − (160 N) cos 15°
17
OR
8
R𝑦 = − ∙ (204 N) − (70 N) ∙ cos 25° − (160 N) sin 75°
17
Question 6

Which ONE of the following statements is FALSE?

A. A moment refers to something that causes or tends to cause rotation or twisting.

B. Using a wrench to tighten a nut demonstrates a moment in action.
C. The equation for work done by a force is identical to that of torque.
D. The units for moment and work done are different.
E. A moment is classified as a vector quantity.

Solution

C. The equation for work done by a force is identical to that of torque.

Question 7

Calculate the moment about pin D due to the 30-lb force caused by the lower arm shown in the
Figure below.

1 1 2 3
( + )=
2 8 8 16

34" 3.5"
 13.5
sin 𝜃 =
37.5

13.5
𝜃 = sin−1 = 21.1°
37.5

15 2 47 2
𝑑⊥ = 37.5 − √( ) +( )
8 16

The moments about pin D due to the 30-lb force:

15 2 47 2
𝑀𝐷 = (30 lb)(cos 21.1°) (37.5 in. −√( ) + ( ) in. ) , ↷
8 16

Question 8

The spring at A in the Figure below opposes the moment about B due to the 500-N force.

(a) Determine the moment about B due to the 500-N force.

(b) If the spring has an equal and opposite moment about B, determine the spring tension.

(a)

𝑀𝐵 = −(500 N ∙ sin 15°)(2m ∙ cos 25°) − (500 N ∙ cos 15°)(2m ∙ sin 25°)

= −(1000 Nm)(sin 15° cos 25° + sin 25° cos 15°)

= −(1000 Nm) sin(15° + 25°)

= −(1000 Nm) sin(40°) = −(1000 Nm) cos(50°)

(b)

𝑇𝑠 (0.8m ∙ cos 25° ) = −(500 N ∙ sin 15°)(2m ∙ cos 25°) − (500 N ∙ cos 15°)(2m ∙ sin 25°)

𝑇s = 1250 N (sin 15° − cos 15° tan 25°)

Question 9

Which of the following forces given in the Figure below will produce an anticlockwise moment
about point A? Each square in the Figure below represents 1 m.

Solution

8 𝑁 and 34 N

For 8 N
MA = +8N(1 m) = +8 Nm = 8 Nm, ↶

For 34 N
MA = +16N(3 m) − 30N (1m) = +18 Nm = 18 Nm, ↶
Question 10

A portion of a beam has forces applied as shown in the Figure. Forces A and B form a couple
that opposes the couple made up by the vertical forces. Determine the magnitude of forces A and
B.

Solution

1m
−500 N(4 m) + FA (150 mm × )=0
1000 mm

500 N(4 m) 1000 mm

FB = FA = ×
150 mm 1m

Question 11

(a) Which one of the following forces remains unaffected by the position of the pivot point
A, as shown in the figure below?

(b) Calculate the moment produced by the forces mentioned in part (a).
Solution

(a) 60 kN

(b) MA = +(60 kN)(3 m), ↶

Question 12

Calculate the moment about point B due to the forces on the truss shown in the Figure below.

Solution

12 5
MB = +(10 lb)(2 ft) − (39 × ) (2 ft) + (39 × ) (12 ft) + (30 lb)(8 ft) + (20 ft)(2 ft)
13 13
= 408 lb ft, ↶
Question 13

A truss is a structure composed of bars or members joined to form one or more connected
triangles. Calculate the moment about point B of the truss shown in the Figure below.

Solution

𝑀𝐵 = (40 N)(1 m) + (60 N)(2 m), ↶

Question 14

Figures A and B depict equivalent couples. Is this statement TRUE or FALSE? Provide
justification for your answer.

FIGURE A FIGURE B

Solution

FALSE, Equivalent couples will have different forces and perpendicular distances.
Question 15 (Chapter 4)

The two-force member CD has a compressive load of 2 kips when the frame in the Figure below
is loaded. Draw a free-body diagram of member AC and label all horizontal and vertical
components of forces acting on it. (Do not calculate actual values. Surface at A is smooth.)

Solution
Question 16

Determine the forces at B on member BD of the frame in the Figure below if T = 50 N.

Solution

Use the FBD of the frame and Σ𝑀𝐶 = 0 to determine 𝐷𝑥 .

+(50 N cos 15°)(3 m) + (50 N sin15°)(6 m) − 𝐷𝑥 (5 m) = 0

𝐷𝑥 = 44.51 N, to the left

Use the FBD of the member BD and Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 to calculate B𝑥 . Therefore, Bx = 44.5 N, to the right.
3
Again, By = 4 (Bx ) = 33.4 N, downwards.
Question 17

Consider the pulley in the Figure below. Determine the beam's horizontal and vertical reactions
at A and G.

.8 m

Solution

.8 m

ΣMA = 0

G(0.8 m) − (200 N)(0.7 m) = 0

0.7
G= (200 N) = 175 N, to the right
0.8

ΣFx = 0

Ax = G = 175 N, to the left

Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0

Ay = 200 N, upwards

Question 18

Determine the force T required to start pulling the crate up the slope if it starts to move when the
40 kN is applied (Figure below).

Solution

T1

2𝑇1 = 40 kN

𝑇 = 3𝑇1 = 3(10 kN)

𝑇 = 30 kN
Question 19

The cable and beam construction in the Figure below supports a load of 2 kN. Which ONE of
the following equations will NOT determine any of the loads in each beam and cable?

Solution

DE 2 000 N CE
= =
sin 60° sin 105° sin 15°

2000 N 𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐷
= =
sin 105° sin 60° sin 75°

2000 N
CE cos 30° =
tan 30° + tan 75°

2000 N
DE cos 75° =
tan 30° + tan 75°

tan 45° tan 75° + 1

BD = (2000 𝑁)
tan 30° + tan 75°

tan 75°
AD cos 45° = (2000 N)
tan 30° + tan 75°
Question 20

Which of the following equations will NOT determine the reactions at A and B for the beam
loaded as shown in the Figure below? Beam weight may be neglected in all cases.

Solution

Σ𝑀𝐵 = 0

+A(4) − 0.8(3) + 2(1) − 1(3) = 0

Σ𝑀𝐴 = 0

+B(4) + 0.8(1) − 2(3) − 1(7) = 0

Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0

−A + 0.8 − 2 + 3.05 − 1 = 0

−0.85 + 0.8 − 2 + B − 1 = 0
Question 21

Which of the following equations will NOT determine the reactions at A and B for the beam
loaded as shown in the Figure below? Beam weight may be neglected in all cases.

Solution

1
cfl = (3)(15) = 22.5
2

3
bav = =1
3

cfm = (11)(15) = 165

11
bav = = 5.5
2

1
cfr = (6)(5) = 15
2

6
bav = =2
3

ΣMA = 0

−22.5(2) − 165(8.5) − 15(12) + B(14) = 0

ΣMB = 0

22.5(12) + 165(5.5) + 15(2) − A(14) = 0

ΣFy = 0

−22.5 − 165 − 15 + 86.25 + B = 0

−22.5 − 165 − 15 + 𝐴 + 116.25 = 0

Question 22

Which of the following equations will determine the bolt tension at B for the combined beams
shown in the Figure below?

Solution
FBD of a frame:

ΣMD = 0

−A𝑦 (10′) + 160(5′) = 0

FBD of AC

ΣMC = 0

−A𝑦 (6′) + B(4′) = 0

B = 120 lb

OR

FBD of a frame:

ΣMD = 0

−A𝑦 (10′) + 160(5′) = 0

FBD of AC

ΣMB = 0

−A𝑦 (2′) + B(4′) = 0

ΣFx = 0

A𝑦 − B + C = 0

Question 23

Use a method of joints to determine the force in member DE of the truss shown in the Figure below.
Solution

FBD of C

ΣFy = 0
6
−2 kips + BC = 0
10

10
BC = = 3.33 kips, T
3

ΣFx = 0

8 10
− ∙ kips + DC = 0
10 3

8
DC = = 2.67 kips, C
3

ΣFy = 0

6
BD − BC = 0
10

6 10
BD = ∙ kips = 2 kips, C
10 3

FBD of B

8 10
−𝐀𝐁 + ∙ kips = 0
10 3

8
𝐀𝐁 = = 2.67 kips, T
3

FBD of D

Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0
 3
−2 + 𝐴𝐷 − 2 = 0
√73

4
AD = ∙ √73 = 11.4 kips, T
3

Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0

8
ED − AD − DC = 0
√73
8 4 8
ED − ∙ ∙ √73kips − kips = 0
√73 3 3

ED = 13.3 kips, C

Question 24

Determine the horizontal and vertical components of the pin reaction at B of the system
shown in the Figure below.
Solution

FBD of a frame

Use the FBD of the frame to determine the FBD of AB

FBD of AB

Σ𝑀𝐴 = 0

+By (8 ft) − (800 𝑓𝑡)(3 𝑓𝑡) = 0

By = 300 𝑓𝑡, upwards.

FBD of DC

ΣMD = 0

+Bx (4 ft) − By (3 ft) − (500 ft)(8 ft) = 0

Bx = 1225 lb

Question 25

Which ONE of the following equations using the Method of Sections sequence will be
appropriate to solve for the member CD in the Figure below?
Solution

FBD of a frame

𝑅𝐻
𝑅𝐴
Free

ΣMA = 0

R H (48′) − (4kips)(36′) − (8kips)(24′) = 0

R H = 7 kips, ↑

ΣFy = 0

RA − 8 − 4 + 7 = 0

R A = 5 kips, ↑