PRE BOARD EXAMINATION -2- 2025 – 26

CLASS X – SCIENCE (086)

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:
(i) This question paper consists of 39 questions in 3 sections. Section A is Biology, Section B is
Chemistry and Section C is Physics.
(ii) All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A
student is expected to attempt only one of these questions.

SECTION – A (BIOLOGY)
1 D. It maintains the concentration of urine based on the amount of water present 1
in the body
2 (c)(i) and (iv) 1
3 D. Rhizopus and spore formation 1
4 (c) inability to perform photosynthesis.
5 (b) Q 1
6 (b) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) 1
7 (c) At Z 1
8 A. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct 1
explanation of assertion.
9 (B) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A. 1
10 (a) Cytokinins are found in germinating seeds because they play a crucial role 2
in promoting cell division and stimulating growth, which are essential for the
germination process.
(b) Insulin injections are given to diabetic patients to regulate blood sugar
levels because diabetes is characterized by either a lack of insulin or the
body's inability to properly use insulin, both leading to high blood glucose.
11 (a) Respiratory pigments combine with oxygen and help in transport of oxygen 2
throughout the body.
(b) When the body size of animals is large, diffusion pressure alone cannot
take care of oxygen delivery to all parts of the body. Hence, respiratory
pigments take up oxygen from the air in the lungs and carry it to tissues which
are deficient in oxygen.
12 1. (a) According to the 10 percent law, only 10% of the energy is transferred to 2
each trophic level starting from the first trophic level or producer level. If the
amount of energy available at the third trophic level is 100 joules, then only
1000 joules of energy will be available at the second trophic level and 10000
Joules will be available at the producer level or first trophic level.

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 (a) No, since the loss of energy at each step is so great that very little
usable energy in case of 2 more trophic levels.
OR
A. Producers in the given food web are coconut tree and banana plant.
B. The process by which produces make their own food is photosynthesis.
During the process of photosynthesis, the following events take place.
 Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
 Conversion of light energy into chemical energy.
 Spilling of water molecule into hydrogen and oxygen.
 Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.
6CO2  12H2O 
Chlorophyll
Sunlight
 C6H12O6  6O2  6H2O
13 i. Force A – transpirational pull 3
Force B – Root pressure

ii. Transpiration pull: Evaporation of water molecules from the stomata of a leaf
due to transpiration creates a suction that pulls water from the xylem cells of
roots.
Root pressure: Active absorption of ions by roots from the soil causes water to
steadily move into the root xylem creating a column of water that is pushed
upwards.
14 3
(i) Bar diagram shows the proportion of females in the population over a
decade.
(ii) Female foeticide is the main reason for this trend showing deviation from
the expected sex ratio.
(iii) Banning prenatal sex determination; increasing awareness and education
will help to stop such trends.

15 4
A. Adrenalin
B. 1) the heart beats faster, resulting in supply of more oxygen to our
muscles.
2) The blood to the digestive system and skin is reduced due to contraction of
muscles around small arteries in these organs.
3) This diverts the blood to our skeletal muscles.
4) The breathing rate also increases because of the contractions of the
diaphragm and the rib muscles.
OR

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 C. (i)Hormone-secreting glands are called endocrine glands because they
release their secretions, hormones, directly into the bloodstream, rather
than through ducts.
(ii) Feedback Mechanism
The advantage of chemical coordination is that the hormones can travel to each
and every part of the body and the effect generally lasts longer.
16 i) R- fertilization, T-mitotic division 5
ii) P- egg cell, haploid with ‘x’ as sex chromosome/22+X; Q- sperm cell, haploid
with ‘x’ as sex
Chromosome/22+X
iii) Before implantation- Uterus lining thickens and is supplied richly with blood
vessels
After implantation- Disc like placenta develops, contains villi on the embryos
side and blood spaces that surround the villi. Important for exchange of
nutrition, gases and waste between mother and foetus. Development takes
approximately nine months. Child is born due to rhythmic contractions of the
uterus.
OR
A. Vegetative propogation/asexual reproductions.
B. More crops in same time interval, genetically identical, flower fruit faster, no
need to depend on pollinators.
C. Cross pollination, the pollen from anther will be transferred to the stigma of
another banana plant using agents like wind, water or insects etc.
D. There would be minor changes/some variation during the process of
copying of the DNA.
SECTION – B (CHEMISTRY) 1
(5×2=10)
17 (A) Na
18 1
(D) Double Displacement Reaction (

19 1
(C) A has pH greater than 7 and B has pH less than 7
20 A. Tin > Lead > Copper > Mercury 1
21 C. Magnesium ribbon burns with brilliant white light. 2
22 A. X= C, Y= CO, Z=CO2 2
23 C. (c) 2
24 (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. 2
25 A. A-aluminium 3
B. B-Al2O3
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 C. Al2O3+6HCl  2AlCl3+3H2O
D. Al2O3+2NaOH  2NaAlO2+H2O
26 A 3
I. This is because magnesium and aluminium lie higher than carbon in the
activity series. Elements lying lower in activity series cannot reduce oxides
of elements lying higher in the activity series.

These metals are placed higher in the activity series giving their oxides a
strong affinity for oxygen that carbon cannot overcome.
II. These metals are obtained by electrolytic reduction. For example,
sodium is obtained by electrolysis of molten sodium chloride.
At cathode : Na + e− →Na
At anode : 2Cl→Cl2 + 2e−

OR
B.

27 (A) The pale green color of the ferrous sulphate crystals changes to a reddish- 3
brown solid. A gas is released, which can be detected by its pungent smell.

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 (B) The type of chemical reaction taking place is a thermal decomposition
reaction.
(C) Chemical Equation
The chemical equation for the reaction is:
2FeSO₄(s) + Heat → Fe₂O₃(s) + SO₂(g) + SO₃(g)
28 A. B) It neutralises the acid, improving crop growth. 3
B. Bacteria in the mouth produce acids that lower pH below 5.5 corroding
tooth enamel. Brushing with basic toothpaste neutralizes these acids and
prevents decay
C. HCl helps in digestion of food and killing harmful bacteria. Excess secretion
causes acidity or indigestion
OR
D. Antacids neutralizes excess HCl in the stomach and raise the pH toward
neutral. Example – magnesium hydroxide or baking soda
29 (A) The organic compound is ethanoic acid. 3
(B) The gas evolved is carbon dioxide.
(C) The gas is tested by passing it through limewater, which turns milky.
(D) 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3→2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
(E) Two uses are as a food preservative and in chemical synthesis.
OR

Cleaning Action
Micelle Formation: When soap dissolves in water, its molecules arrange into a
spherical structure called micelles

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 Hydrophobic Tail Attraction: hydrocarbon tail of the soap molecules are
hydrophobic (water-repelling) and tend to point inward, trapping oily dirt and
grease at the center of the micelle.
Hydrophillic Head Interaction: The ionic head of the soap molecules (which are
charged) are hydrophilic (water-attracting) and remain on the outside, facing the
surrounding water.
Dislodging Dirt: When the dirty cloth is rubbed, the micelles, with their oily cores,
dislodge the dirt from the fabric.
Washing Away: The water-soluble micelles carry the trapped dirt away, allowing
it to be washed down the drain.
Hard water contains dissolved calcium and magnesium ions. These ions react
to form insoluble salts, which precipitate out of the solution as a curdy white solid
known as scum. This scum is not soluble and does not contribute to lather,
making the soap ineffective in hard water
SECTION – B (PHYSICS) (5×2=10)
30 (C) Colour used to paint the danger signals. 1

31 D. Both (iii) and (iv) 1

32 B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of the 1
assertion (A).
33 The power for correcting his near vision, PN = +3 D. 2

OR
(a) The rod shaped cells respond to brightness of light.
(b) This is because pupil of the eye takes some time to expand and allow
more light to enter the eye.
34 The shape of the graph obtained by plotting potential difference applied across 4
conductor against the current flowing through it will be a straight line.
According to ohm’s law, V = IR or R =V /I
So, the slope of V-I graph at any point represents the resistance of the given
conductor.

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 As graph is a straight line, so it is clear from the graph that V ∝ I

35 Yes, the lens will produce an image of complete object. 4

Nature of image: Virtual, erect and enlarged Position of image : In front of lens
60 cm from the lens Size of image : Four times of object, i.e., (4 × 4) cm = 16
cm
36 (a) Dimpy is suffering from hypermetropia. Causes of hypermetropia :  The 4
focal length of the eye lens is too long.  The eye ball becomes too
short. (i) In hypermetropia, image is formed behind the retina.

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 b) Hypermetropia can be corrected by using converging lens (convex lens)
of suitable focal length in spectacles.

37 Definition – 1 mark
Diagram 2 -mark

38 a) The fish appeared close to the boat to Naina due to the phenomenon of 4
refraction. Light reflected from the fish travels through the water towards the
eye. As it passes from the water (denser medium) into the air (rarer medium), it
refracts away from the normal and fish appears closer.
b) (b) (i) A coin in a glass tumbler filled with water appears to be raised.
(ii) Twinkling of stars in a clear sky.
c) The cause of refraction of light is the change in the speed of light going from
one medium to the other. The conditions in which no refraction of light occurs
are: When light is incident normally on a boundary. When the refractive
indices of two media are equal

39 a) In first case, P = 40 W, V = 220 V 5

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 Hence, by replacing 40 W bulb to 25 W bulb, having same source of voltage
the amount of current flows decreases while resistance increases.

OR
i) Commercial unit: The commercial unit of electrical energy is the kilowatt-
hour (kWh).
SI unit: The SI unit of electrical energy is the joule (J).
ii) If the current is made three times its initial value (𝐼 ′ = 3𝐼), then:
𝐻 ′ = (3𝐼)2 𝑅𝑡 = 9𝐼 2 𝑅𝑡 = 9𝐻

So, the heat produced will increase by 9 times.

iii) Assuming the conductors are connected in series and the same current
flows through both:
 Let the original resistance be 𝑅.

 The new resistance is 2𝑅.

 Heat produced: 𝐻 = 𝐼 2 𝑅𝑡

With double resistance 𝐻 ′ = 𝐼 2 (2𝑅)𝑡 = 2𝐼 2 𝑅𝑡 = 2𝐻.

The amount of heat generated will be doubled (increased by 100%) if the
resistance is doubled, keeping current and time constant

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