Reviewer in RPH (Prelims) • Doctrina Christiana – first book ever
printed in the Philippines. Offered religious
teachings in both Spanish and Baybayin
Foundations of Philippine History Script. Printed using wooden blocks.
History – study of past events
Philippine history – recorded events from pre- Analyzing Primary Resources (CRISP)
colonial times to the present
• Check the Source – verify the reliability
• Recognize the Audience – who the
intended audience was
Why Study History?
• Investigate the Content – analyze the
1. Understanding the change – allows us details of events, people, and motives
to see how and why changes occur • Situate in History – connecting to a
2. Learning from the Past – learn valuable broader historical narrative
lessons • Point out the Significance – understand
3. Cultural Appreciation – appreciation for the impact, why is the source
diverse cultures important?
4. Critical Thinking – develops critical
thinking
Social and Political Organization
▪ Maginoo (Nobility) – highest social class,
Primary Resources – first-hand accounts from
including datus, rajahs, sultans. They had
the past, they help interpret events correctly.
political, economic, and military power over
• Letters and Diaries – personal writings their barangay.
from individuals during a specific time ▪ Timawa (Freemen) – free commoners,
• Official Documents – government played essential roles in agriculture, trade
records, laws and warfare.
• Photographs and Artifacts – visual ▪ Alipin (Dependents/Servants) – lowest
representation that provide context class, debt-bonded workers.
• Newspaper Articles - reports of public a) Aliping Namamahay – lived
opinions independently, worked for masters
b) Aliping Sagigilid – lived with
masters, fewer rights
Philippine Primary Sources
• Laguna Copperplate Inscription – oldest Economic Activities
known written document. Written on a
copper sheet in Kawi script, it records the • Agriculture
forgiveness of the debt of Namwaran. • Fishing and Hunting
• Boxer Codex – a manuscript with over 75 • Weaving and Pottery
illustrations and written descriptions of • Trade
filipino and southeast Asian cultures.
Animism – believing in nature spirits and Spanish colonization key characteristics:
ancestral worship
1. Conversion to Christianity – spread
Shamans (called Babaylan) – performed rituals Christianity, missionaries converted many
and healing ceremonies filipinos to Catholicism.
2. Encomienda System – granted Spanish
Arrival of Islam in Mindanao introduced
settlers the right to collect tribute in
monotheism (believing only in one god).
exchange for protection.
3. Cultural Exchange – merienda (snack),
cocina (kitchen), mesa (table).
Cultural Achievements
• Balangay (Butuan Boat) – ancient filipino
vessel used for trade and migration, Impacts of Spanish Colonial Rule
influencing the term “barangay”, can carry
1. Social Changes – new social hierarchy,
up to 50 people.
Spanish settlers and mestizos held the
• Maritime Jade Road – trade route highest positions in society.
connecting the Philippines, Taiwan, and 2. Economic Changes – colonial economy
Southeast Asia. Traded jade items mainly based on agriculture and trade. Cash
from Taiwan, and spread seafaring skills and crops like sugar, tabacco, and hemp
craftsmanship. were traded on the Galleon Trade
• Baybayin Script – ancient Filipino Script between manila and Acapulco Mexico.
used before and during early Spanish 3. Educational Reforms – established by
colonization. 14 consonants and 3 vowels. religious orders, educations focused on
Evolved from Kawi script, influenced by religious instruction and the Spanish
Indian and Southeast Asian Cultures. language.
4. Political Changes – establishment of a
centralized government, local leaders
replaced with Spanish officials called
chieftains.
5. Resistance and Revolts – Dagohoy
Colonization and Revolution rebellion, showcased filipino resistance
to colonial abuses.
Ferdinand Magellan – Portuguese explorer
6. Religious Syncretism – indigenous
under Spanish flag. The first European to set
beliefs remained and blended with
foot on the islands
Christian practices.
In Cebu, he formed alliances with local leaders.
Battle of Mactan – Magellan was killed by Lapu-
Execution of Gomburza – executed on feb 17,
Lapu, and his warriors.
1872, for allegedly supporting the Cavite
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – first Spaniard to Mutiny. Their martyrdom inspired filipino
permanently settle in the Philippines (cebu). nationalists and fueled the desire for reform.
Main Objectives Anak ng Bayan) a secret revolutionary
society aimed to overthrow Spanish
1. Advocacy for Reforms – advocate for
rule through armed struggle.
political and social reforms.
• Emilio Aguinaldo – first president of the
2. National Identity – foster a sense of
First Philippine Republic, participated in
national identity.
the Philippine-american war.
3. Educational and Enlightenment –
ilustrados emphasized the importance
of education in achieving reform.
Good luck dear friends :D
Reformists of the Propaganda Movement
• Graciano Lopez Jaena – journalist and
orator, founded the newspaper La
Solidaridad which became the main
platform for the Propaganda Movement.
• Marcelo H. del Pilar – editor of Diariong
tagalog in 1882. Replaced del pilar as editor
of La Solidaridad and continued its
campaign.
• Jose Rizal – most influential figures of the
Propaganda Movement, his novels Noli me
tangere and El filibusterismo. Founded La
Liga Filipina.
Rizals Exile - after founding La Liga Filipina, Rizal
was arrested and exiled to Dapitan.
The Transition to Revolution – the movement
faced censorship, imprisonment, and exile. As a
result, many reformist lost faith in the
possibility of achieving change through non-
violent means.
The Rise of Revolutionaries – more radical
approach to achieving independence.
• Andres Bonifacio – Father of the
Philippine Revolution, founded the
Katipunan (Kataastasan,
Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga