Interview Questions and Answers (React, Web, OS, JS, Tools)

1. What is React JS?

Answer: React JS is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces, maintained by Facebook.

2. What are the key features of React?

Answer: JSX, Components, Virtual DOM, One-way data binding, and Performance optimization.

3. What is a component in React?

Answer: A component is a reusable piece of UI that can be a function or a class.

4. What is the difference between state and props?

Answer: Props are read-only and passed to components, while state is managed within the

component.

5. What is the Virtual DOM?

Answer: Virtual DOM is a lightweight JavaScript representation of the actual DOM.

6. What is JSX?

Answer: JSX stands for JavaScript XML. It allows us to write HTML inside JavaScript.

7. What are hooks in React?

Answer: Hooks are functions that let you use state and lifecycle features in functional components.

8. What is useEffect used for?

Answer: useEffect is used for side effects like fetching data, subscriptions, or manually changing the

DOM.

9. What is useState?

Answer: useState is a Hook that allows you to add state to functional components.

10. What is the difference between controlled and uncontrolled components?

Answer: Controlled components are managed by React state, while uncontrolled components
manage their own state internally.

11. What are JavaScript data types?

Answer: String, Number, Boolean, Undefined, Null, Symbol, Object.

12. What is hoisting in JavaScript?

Answer: Hoisting is JavaScript's default behavior of moving declarations to the top.

13. Difference between var, let, and const?

Answer: var is function-scoped, let and const are block-scoped. const cannot be reassigned.

14. What is closure in JavaScript?

Answer: A closure is a function having access to the parent scope, even after the parent function

has closed.

15. What is the event loop?

Answer: The event loop is what allows JavaScript to perform non-blocking operations by offloading

operations to the browser APIs.

16. Explain 'this' keyword in JavaScript.

Answer: 'this' refers to the object from where it was called.

17. What are promises?

Answer: Promises are used to handle asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

18. What is async/await?

Answer: Async/await is syntax to handle promises in a cleaner way.

19. What is the difference between == and ===?

Answer: == checks for value equality, === checks for both value and type.

20. What is a callback function?

Answer: A callback is a function passed into another function to be executed later.

21. What is semantic HTML?

22. What are HTML5 new elements?

Answer: article, section, nav, header, footer, figure, etc.

23. What is the difference between id and class?

Answer: id is unique; class can be used on multiple elements.

24. What is the purpose of the alt attribute?

Answer: It provides alternative text for an image if it cannot be displayed.

25. What is a meta tag?

Answer: Meta tags provide metadata about the HTML document.

26. What is the use of the <canvas> tag?

Answer: It is used to draw graphics on the fly using JavaScript.

27. What is the difference between block and inline elements?

Answer: Block takes full width; inline only takes as much width as needed.

28. What is the DOM?

Answer: DOM stands for Document Object Model. It represents the page so programs can change

the document structure, style, and content.

29. What is a form in HTML?

Answer: A form is an HTML element used to collect user input.

30. What is the use of placeholder attribute?

Answer: It provides a short hint that describes the expected value of an input field.

31. What is the difference between classes and IDs in CSS?

Answer: IDs are unique while classes can be reused on multiple elements.

32. What are pseudo-classes in CSS?

Answer: Pseudo-classes define a special state of an element, e.g., :hover, :focus.

Answer: Specificity determines which CSS rule is applied by the browser.

34. What is the box model?

Answer: The box model includes margins, borders, padding, and content.

35. What is the difference between relative and absolute positioning?

Answer: Relative is positioned relative to its normal position; absolute is positioned relative to the

nearest positioned ancestor.

36. What is Flexbox?

Answer: Flexbox is a layout module that allows items to align and distribute space within a

container.

37. What is the difference between em and rem units?

Answer: em is relative to the parent, rem is relative to the root.

38. What are media queries?

Answer: Media queries are used to apply styles based on device characteristics.

39. What is z-index in CSS?

Answer: z-index determines the stack order of elements.

40. What is the difference between visibility: hidden and display: none?

Answer: Hidden hides the element but keeps its space; display: none removes it entirely.

41. What is Bootstrap?

Answer: Bootstrap is a CSS framework for developing responsive and mobile-first websites.

42. What are the key features of Bootstrap?

Answer: Grid system, responsive design, pre-styled components, and JavaScript plugins.

43. What is a container in Bootstrap?

Answer: A container is used to center and horizontally pad your site's contents.
44. What is the difference between .container and .container-fluid?

Answer: .container has fixed width, .container-fluid has full width.

45. What are Bootstrap classes for responsive layout?

Answer: col-sm, col-md, col-lg, col-xl.

46. What is a jumbotron in Bootstrap?

Answer: Jumbotron is a lightweight, flexible component to showcase content.

47. How can you make an image responsive in Bootstrap?

Answer: Use the class .img-fluid.

48. What is the use of the card component?

Answer: Card is a flexible content container with multiple variants and options.

49. What is the grid system in Bootstrap?

Answer: Bootstrap's grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout and align

content.

50. How to add a button in Bootstrap?

Answer: Use class .btn followed by .btn-primary, .btn-success, etc.

51. What is HTTP?

Answer: HyperText Transfer Protocol, used for transferring web pages on the internet.

52. What is HTTPS?

Answer: Secure version of HTTP that uses encryption via TLS/SSL.

53. What is DNS?

Answer: Domain Name System, translates domain names to IP addresses.

54. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?

Answer: TCP is connection-oriented and reliable; UDP is connectionless and faster.

55. What is IP Address?

56. What is a REST API?

Answer: An API that follows the constraints of REST architecture, uses HTTP for communication.

57. What is a GET request?

Answer: GET is an HTTP method used to request data from a server.

58. What is the difference between PUT and POST?

Answer: PUT is idempotent and updates existing data, POST creates new data.