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Advanced DOTNet Tutorial

The document provides an advanced tutorial on .NET programming, covering key concepts such as asynchronous programming, threading, memory management, and native interoperability. It emphasizes the importance of these skills for web and application development, highlighting the demand for .NET expertise in various industries. Additionally, it outlines the benefits of upgrading to advanced .NET skills and includes practical examples and explanations of programming patterns and techniques.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
13 views21 pages

Advanced DOTNet Tutorial

The document provides an advanced tutorial on .NET programming, covering key concepts such as asynchronous programming, threading, memory management, and native interoperability. It emphasizes the importance of these skills for web and application development, highlighting the demand for .NET expertise in various industries. Additionally, it outlines the benefits of upgrading to advanced .NET skills and includes practical examples and explanations of programming patterns and techniques.
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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tutorial:

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general-purpose
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programming language.
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Benefits of Upgrading with Advanced .Net
Skills
32 programming languages make up the .NET

programming framework, which is extensively ASP DOTNET Tutorial
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The $197 billion gaming industry in 2022 will ASP DOTNET Tutorial Microsoft
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Understanding of Asynchronous
Programming
Three patterns are available in advanced .NET for
carrying out asynchronous operations: 
Task-based Asynchronous Pattern Appium Testing
Event-based Asynchronous Pattern Tutorial
Published On: July 30, 2024
Asynchronous Programming Model
Appium Testing Tutorial
Task-based Asynchronous Pattern (TAP): TAP Designed to make the UI
automation of many app
represents the start and finish of an asynchronous platforms easier, Appium…
action using a single method.

The .NET Framework 4 brought TAP.


It’s the method for asynchronous
programming in .NET.
The async and await keywords in C# and the
async and await operators in Visual Basic give
language support for TAP.

Event-based Asynchronous Pattern: The event-


based historical approach for asynchronous
behavior is called Event-based Asynchronous
Pattern (EAP).

It needs one or more events, event handler


delegate types, and EventArg-derived types,
together with a function that ends in -sync.
With the release of the .NET Framework 2.0
came EAP.
It is not advised for use in any new
developments.

Asynchronous Programming Model (APM): The


IAsyncResult pattern, commonly known as the
Asynchronous Programming Model (APM) pattern, is
a heritage model that leverages the IAsyncResult
interface to enable asynchronous functionality.

Begin and End methods are needed for


asynchronous operations in this design.
Example: BeginWrite and EndWrite to
implement an asynchronous write operation.
It is no longer advised to use this pattern for
new developments.

To quickly compare the three patterns’


representations of asynchronous activities, have a
look at the Read method, which reads a given
amount of data into a buffer beginning at a given
offset.

public class MyClass

public int Read(byte [] buffer, int offset, int count);

This method’s TAP equivalent would reveal the single ReadAsync


method shown below:

public class MyClass

public Task<int> ReadAsync(byte [] buffer, int offset, int count);

}
The EAP equivalent would reveal the subsequent group of members
and types:

public class MyClass

public void ReadAsync(byte [] buffer, int offset, int count);

public event ReadCompletedEventHandler ReadCompleted;

Their APM counterpart would make visible the BeginRead and


EndRead methods.

public class MyClass

public IAsyncResult BeginRead(

byte [] buffer, int offset, int count,

AsyncCallback callback, object state);

public int EndRead(IAsyncResult asyncResult);

Advanced DOTNet Syllabus PDF

Understanding of Threads and Threading


Multithreading improves the responsiveness of your
application and, if it runs on a multiprocessor or
multi-core system, the throughput.

Processes and Threads


A process is a running program. An operating
system employs processes to separate the
programs that are being run.
A thread is the basic unit through which an
operating system allocates processor time.

When to Use Multiple Threads


You employ numerous threads to improve the
responsiveness of your program and to make use of
a multiprocessor or multi-core system to increase
the application’s throughput.
Consider a desktop program in which the
primary thread manages user interface
components and responds to user interactions.
Use worker threads to conduct time-
consuming tasks that might otherwise
dominate the principal thread and render the
user interface unresponsive.
If your program performs tasks that may be
done in parallel, you can reduce the total
execution time by doing them in separate
threads and running it on a multiprocessor or
multicore system. Multithreading on such a
system may boost both throughput and
responsiveness.

How to Use Multithreading in .NET


Starting [Link] Framework 4, the Task Parallel
Library (TPL) and Parallel LINQ (PLINQ) are the
preferred methods for implementing
multithreading.

Both TPL and PLINQ rely on ThreadPool threads.


The [Link] gives a .NET
application a pool of worker threads. You can
also use thread pool threads.
You may use the [Link] to
represent a controlled thread.
Multiple threads may require access to a
common resource. To retain the resource in an
uncorrupted state and avoid race situations,
synchronize thread access to it.
You may also want to coordinate the
interaction of several threads. .NET supports a
variety of types for synchronizing access to a
shared resource or coordinating thread
interaction.

Exceptions in Managed Thread


Some unhandled exceptions that are utilized to
regulate program flow have a backstop provided
using the common language runtime:

Because Abort was called, a


ThreadAbortException is raised in that thread.
This is specific to applications built with [Link]
Framework.
A thread throws an
AppDomainUnloadedException when it detects
that the application domain it is running in
needs to be unloaded.
The host process or the common language
runtime raises an internal exception to
terminate the thread.

Using Threads and Threading


Because processor-intensive processes run on
distinct threads while the user interface remains
active, multithreaded applications respond to user
input more quickly.

How to create and start a new thread


By making a new instance of the
[Link] class, you can start a new
thread. The constructor receives the name of the
method you wish to run on the new thread. Invoke
the [Link] function to begin a newly
generated thread.

How to stop a thread


Use the [Link] to put
an end to a thread’s execution. It offers a
standardized method for collaboratively stopping
threads.

The .NET Framework provides the [Link]


method for forcing the termination of a thread’s
execution. When that method is called on a thread,
a ThreadAbortException is raised on that thread.

How to pause or interrupt a thread


The [Link] method allows you to set a
time limit for the current thread’s pause. By using
[Link] method, you can break the block
on a blocked thread.
Thread Properties
Some of the Thread properties are shown in the
following table:

Thread Property Description

Returns true if a thread


has begun and hasn’t
IsAlive
yet aborted or ended
regularly.

Obtains or modifies a
Boolean value
IsBackground indicating whether a
thread is in the
background.

It retrieves or modifies a
thread’s name. Most
Name commonly used in
debugging to identify
specific threads.

It obtains or modifies a
ThreadPriority value
that determines how
Priority
the operating system
will order the
scheduling of threads.

Obtains a ThreadState
value that holds the
ThreadState
state of a thread at that
moment.

Advanced DOTNet Training

Understanding of Parallel Programming


Numerous workstations and home computers are
equipped with multiple CPU cores, which allow for
the simultaneous execution of numerous threads.
You can parallelize your code to spread work across
numerous processors and make use of the
technology.

A high-level summary of .NET’s parallel


programming architecture may be found in the
following image.

Advanced DOTNet Tutorial

Task Parallel Library: It gives the


[Link] class
documentation contains For and ForEach loop
parallel variants, as well as for the
[Link] class is also a
recommended manner of expressing asynchronous
actions.

Parallel LINQ: LINQ to Objects is implemented in


parallel, which greatly boosts speed in many
instances.

Data Structures for Parallel Programming: It links


to the documentation of types for lazy initialization,
lightweight synchronization, and thread-safe
collection classes.

Parallel Dignostic Tools: It provide links to the


Concurrency Visualizer’s documentation as well as
that for the jobs and parallel stacks debugger
windows in Visual Studio.

Custom Partitioners for PLINQ and TPL: It explains


the operation of partitioners and how to set up new
partitioners or modify the built-in ones.

Task Schedulers: It explains the operation of


schedulers and possible configurations for the
default schedulers.

Lambda Expressions in PLINQ and TPL: It explains


lambda expressions in C# and Visual Basic and
demonstrates their use in PLINQ and the Task
Parallel Library in brief.

Example: Iterating Files using Parallel Class

using System;

using [Link];

using [Link];

using [Link];

using [Link];

using [Link];

using [Link];

class Program

static void Main()

try

TraverseTreeParallelForEach(@”C:\Program Files”, (f) =>

try

byte[] data = [Link](f);

}
catch (FileNotFoundException) { }

catch (IOException) { }

catch (UnauthorizedAccessException) { }

catch (SecurityException) { }

[Link](f);

});

catch (ArgumentException)

[Link](@”The directory ‘C:\Program Files’ does


not exist.”);

[Link]();

public static void TraverseTreeParallelForEach(string root,


Action<string> action)

int fileCount = 0;

var sw = [Link]();

int procCount = [Link];

Stack<string> dirs = new Stack<string>();

if (![Link](root))

throw new ArgumentException(

“The given root directory doesn’t exist.”, nameof(root));

[Link](root);

while ([Link] > 0)

string currentDir = [Link]();

string[] subDirs = { };

string[] files = { };
try

subDirs = [Link](currentDir);

catch (UnauthorizedAccessException e)

[Link]([Link]);

continue;

catch (DirectoryNotFoundException e)

[Link]([Link]);

continue;

try

files = [Link](currentDir);

catch (UnauthorizedAccessException e)

[Link]([Link]);

continue;

catch (DirectoryNotFoundException e)

[Link]([Link]);

continue;

catch (IOException e)

[Link]([Link]);
continue;

try

if ([Link] < procCount)

foreach (var file in files)

action(file);

fileCount++;

else

[Link](files, () => 0,

(file, loopState, localCount) =>

action(file);

return (int)++localCount;

},

(c) =>

[Link](ref fileCount, c);

});

catch (AggregateException ae)

[Link]((ex) =>

if (ex is UnauthorizedAccessException)
{

[Link]([Link]);

return true;

return false;

});

foreach (string str in subDirs)

[Link](str);

[Link](“Processed {0} files in {1} milliseconds”,


fileCount, [Link]);

Understanding of Native Interoperability


Calling into native code would be beneficial for the
following reasons:

There are many APIs included with operating


systems that aren’t found in managed class
libraries.

Example: having access to an operating system or


hardware management features.

Collaborate with other components that have


native ABIs (C-style ABIs) or are capable of
developing them, such as managed
languages capable of producing native
components or Java code made available
through the Java Native Interface (JNI).
The majority of installed Windows software,
including the Microsoft Office suite, registers
COM components, which are representations
of their programs and enable developers to
use or automate them. Moreover, native
interoperability is needed for this.

P/Invoke or Platform Invoke


Using P/Invoke, you can invoke functions, structs,
and callbacks in unmanaged libraries directly from
your managed code.

One namespace, System, contains the majority of


the P/Invoke API.

Duration of [Link] Services.

You can specify how you want to interact with the


native component by using these two namespaces.

Let’s display a command-line application’s


message box:

using System;

using [Link];

namespace PInvokeSamples

public static partial class Program

[LibraryImport(“[Link]”)]

private static partial int getpid();

public static void Main(string[] args)

int pid = getpid();

[Link](pid);

Type Marshalling
The process of changing types when they have to
transition between managed and native code is
known as marshalling.

Example
[LibraryImport(“[Link]”)]

static extern int


MethodA([MarshalAs([Link])]
string parameter);

// or

[LibraryImport(“[Link]”,
StringMarshalling = StringMarshalling.Utf8)]

static extern int MethodB(string parameter);

Understanding of Memory Management


Among the features the Common Language
Runtime offers during managed execution is
automatic memory management. The Common
Language Runtime garbage collector manages the
memory allocation and release of a program.

Allocating Memory
Compared to unmanaged memory allocation,
memory allocation from the managed heap is
quicker. Allocating memory for an object through
the runtime is nearly as quick as allocating memory
from the stack because it involves simply
appending a value to a pointer.

Releasing Memory
The runtime allocates memory for huge items in a
separate heap in order to increase performance.
For huge items, the garbage collector releases the
RAM automatically. However, this memory is not
compressed to prevent moving big items around in
it.

Generations and Performance


Three generations (0, 1, and 2) make up the
managed heap, which is separated to maximize
garbage collector speed. The computer software
industry has experimented with garbage collection
systems and found numerous generalizations that
serve as the foundation for the runtime’s garbage
collection process.

Releasing Memory for Unmanaged


Resources
You may rely on the garbage collector to take care
of memory management automatically for most
objects that your application creates. Unmanaged
resources, however, need specific cleansing.

You can allow users to expressly release memory


from your object when they are done using it by
including a Dispose method. Take note of Dispose
and call it when needed while using an object that
contains an unmanaged resource.

Advanced Dotnet Developer Salary

Understanding of MVC5
[Link] MVC 5 is a framework that leverages the
power of [Link] and [Link] Framework along with
well-established design patterns to create scalable,
standards-based online applications.

Features of MVC5
An extensible integrated scaffolding system
through NuGet HTML 5 project templates
The new Razor View Engine is one of the more
expressive views.
Strong hooks feature global action filters and
dependency injection
Rich JavaScript support includes JSON binding,
jQuery validation, and non-intrusive JavaScript.

Adding a New Controller


Depending on the incoming URL, [Link] MVC calls
distinct controller classes (and various action
methods inside them). The default URL routing
mechanism of [Link] MVC uses this format to
determine which code to call:

public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection


routes)

[Link](“{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}”)

[Link](

name: “Default”,

url: “{controller}/{action}/{id}”,

defaults: new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index”, id =


[Link] }

);

Adding a View
As of right now, the string that the Index method
returns contains the hard-coded message for the
controller class. As demonstrated in the following
code, modify the index function to call the
controllers’ View method:

public ActionResult Index()

return View();

Adding a New Model


Example: Movie Class

using System;

namespace [Link]

public class Movie

public int ID { get; set; }

public string Title { get; set; }

public DateTime ReleaseDate { get; set; }

public string Genre { get; set; }


public decimal Price { get; set; }

Example: MovieDBContext Class

using System;

using [Link];

namespace [Link]

public class Movie

public int ID { get; set; }

public string Title { get; set; }

public DateTime ReleaseDate { get; set; }

public string Genre { get; set; }

public decimal Price { get; set; }

public class MovieDBContext : DbContext

public DbSet<Movie> Movies { get; set; }

Understanding of [Link]
Consistent access to data sources like OLE DB and
ODBC, as well as data sources like SQL Server and
XML, is made possible via [Link]. Consumer data-
sharing apps can use [Link] to connect to several
data sources and retrieve, control, and update the
data.

This page’s code listings show you how to use the


following [Link] technologies to obtain data from
a database:
[Link] data providers:

SqlClient ([Link])
OleDb ([Link])
Odbc ([Link])
OracleClient ([Link])

[Link] Entity Framework:

LINQ to Entities
Typed ObjectQuery
EntityClient ([Link])

Understanding of LINQ: Language-


Integrated Query
Developers no longer need to use a separate query
language to create set-based queries in their
application code because of Language-Integrated
Query (LINQ).

XML documents, SQL databases, DataSet objects,


in-memory data structures, and other enumerable
data sources (i.e., data sources that implement the
IEnumerable interface) can all be queried using
LINQ.

LINQ to Dataset
The DataSet is a fundamental component of the
widely-used disconnected programming model
upon which [Link] is based. By applying the same
query formulation methodology that is available for
many other data sources, LINQ to DataSet allows
developers to incorporate more sophisticated query
capabilities into DataSet.

LINQ to SQL
For developers who don’t need mapping to a
conceptual model, LINQ to SQL is a helpful tool. You
can easily apply the LINQ programming model to an
existing database schema by utilizing LINQ with SQL.
Developers can create .NET Framework classes that
represent data by using LINQ to SQL.
LINQ to Entities
An application can interact with data as objects by
modeling the data in a specific domain using the
Entity Data Model, a conceptual data model.

Conclusion
We hope you have gotten fundamental ideas
through this advanced .net tutorial for creating
complex applications easily using advanced .Net
programming concepts. Learn them
comprehensively with hands-on exposure in our
advanced .Net training in Chennai.

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Common questions

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When implementing threading and synchronization in .NET applications, the primary considerations include ensuring data integrity, avoiding race conditions, and synchronizing access to shared resources. Developers must choose appropriate synchronization primitives, such as locks, mutexes, or semaphores, to prevent concurrent access issues. It's also crucial to manage thread lifecycles properly, using cancellation tokens for cooperative cancellation and handling thread exceptions to maintain application stability. The use of thread pools and the System.Threading library helps optimize thread management, enhancing application performance while minimizing overhead .

Multithreading improves application performance in .NET by increasing responsiveness and throughput, especially on multiprocessor or multi-core systems. By running processor-intensive tasks on separate threads, applications can respond to user actions more quickly as the UI thread remains unblocked. The Task Parallel Library (TPL) and Parallel LINQ (PLINQ) are recommended tools for implementing multithreading, as they provide efficient ways to parallelize code using thread pool threads and streamline the development process by abstracting low-level thread management .

The Task-based Asynchronous Pattern (TAP) in .NET represents the start and finish of an asynchronous action using a single method. It uses the async and await keywords in C# and operators in Visual Basic, providing streamlined language support for asynchronous operations. TAP was introduced with .NET Framework 4 and is now the recommended pattern, offering enhanced readability and error handling over older models. Compared to the Event-based Asynchronous Pattern (EAP) and Asynchronous Programming Model (APM), TAP is more modern and suitable for new developments, whereas EAP and APM are legacy approaches. EAP relies on events and delegates, while APM uses Begin/End methods, which are more cumbersome .

Asynchronous programming in .NET addresses the challenge of executing potentially long-running operations, such as I/O or network requests, without blocking the main thread, thereby improving application responsiveness. It prevents the user interface from becoming unresponsive by allowing other operations to proceed concurrently. The introduction of the Task-based Asynchronous Pattern (TAP) has simplified the process of implementing asynchronous operations, making it easier to write clean, readable code that manages asynchronous tasks effectively. This model also enhances error handling and resource control compared to older patterns .

The Task Parallel Library (TPL) plays a vital role in modern .NET programming by providing a robust infrastructure for parallel and asynchronous programming. It simplifies the process of parallelizing tasks, leveraging multiple cores effectively to improve application performance. TPL abstracts the underlying complexity of thread management, allowing developers to focus on task logic rather than thread operations. It provides constructs like Parallel.For and Parallel.ForEach, which ease the parallel execution of data processing loops, and works in tandem with the Task class to represent and manipulate ongoing asynchronous operations .

Memory management in the .NET Framework is crucial for ensuring that applications run efficiently without memory leaks. The Common Language Runtime (CLR) provides automatic memory management through its garbage collector, which allocates and releases memory automatically, reducing the programmer's burden to manage memory manually. The garbage collector organizes memory allocation in a managed heap divided into three generations to optimize performance. While it handles memory for most managed objects, unmanaged resources require explicit cleanup, usually via implementing the IDisposable interface and using finalizers .

Native interoperability in .NET extends the functionality of applications by allowing them to interact with operating system APIs and utilize unmanaged code components not otherwise accessible through managed libraries. This is primarily achieved through Platform Invocation Services (P/Invoke) which enable managed code to call native functions, structs, and callbacks in unmanaged libraries. This allows .NET applications to access system-level resources, enhance performance with native code optimizations, and integrate with legacy systems using native ABIs. It is essential for tasks involving hardware management and interoperability with other programming environments such as Java via JNI .

The Entity Data Model (EDM) facilitates application data interaction in .NET by providing a conceptual framework for working with databases. It abstracts database details, allowing developers to interact with data as objects in their domain model. Through the Entity Framework, the EDM enables seamless data manipulation using LINQ to Entities, offering a robust querying capability tailored to the application's logic. It supports model-driven development by automating CRUD operations and providing a metadata-based approach to mapping relational data to .NET objects, thereby streamlining development and maintaining database consistency .

Parallel programming in .NET significantly enhances the performance of applications on modern computer systems equipped with multiple CPU cores. By distributing workloads across several cores, applications can perform operations concurrently, reducing overall execution time and improving throughput and responsiveness. The Task Parallel Library (TPL) and PLINQ optimize these processes, facilitating the efficient utilization of computational resources. However, the complexities of concurrency, such as race conditions and synchronization challenges, necessitate careful threading and resource management to avoid performance bottlenecks and ensure data integrity .

LINQ in .NET offers significant benefits by allowing developers to write queries directly in the language of the application, eliminating the need for disparate query languages. This enhances code readability and maintainability. LINQ seamlessly integrates with various data sources, such as XML documents, SQL databases, and DataSet objects, by enabling set-based queries on any data that implements the IEnumerable interface. LINQ to SQL and LINQ to Entities particularly enhance databases interaction by aligning query capabilities with .NET's object-oriented paradigms, thus streamlining data operations in complex applications .

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