Class 10 Statistics - Complete Solutions
Question 1: Finding x and y in Frequency Distribution
Given Data:
Class intervals: 0-100, 100-200, 200-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, 600-700, 700-800, 800-
900, 900-1000
Frequencies: 2, 5, x, 12, 17, 20, y, 9, 7, 4
Total frequency = 100
Solution:
Sum of all frequencies = 100
To find individual values, we use the cumulative frequency method. From the given data
pattern and checking against total = 100:
Using cumulative frequency calculations: x = 8, y = 16
Answer: x = 8, y = 16 [6, 15]
Question 2: Finding x and y When Median = 28
Given Data:
Marks: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50
No. of students: 5, x, 15, y, 6
Total frequency = 50
Median = 28
Solution:
First, find total frequency:
Since median = 28, it lies in the class 20-30.
Median formula:
Where:
(lower limit of median class)
, so
(cumulative frequency before median class)
(frequency of median class)
(class width)
Therefore:
Answer: x = 8, y = 16 [6, 16]
Question 3: Finding p When Mean = 27
Given Data:
Class intervals: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50
Frequencies: 8, p, 12, 13, 10
Solution:
Using mean formula:
Where is the midpoint of each class.
Midpoints: 5, 15, 25, 35, 45
Answer: p = 7 [P = 7]
Question 4: Finding Missing Frequencies (Mean = 50)
Given Data:
x: 10, 30, 50, 70, 90
f: 17, , 32, , 19
Total frequency = 120
Mean = 50
Solution:
First, find total frequency:
Using mean formula:
From :
Substituting:
Therefore:
Answer: [28, 24]
Question 5: Finding Missing Frequencies (Mean = 132, Sum
= 50)
Given Data:
Class intervals: 0-40, 40-80, 80-120, 120-160, 160-200, 200-240
Frequencies: 4, 7, , 12, , 9
Mean = 132
Total frequency (sum of observations) = 50
Solution:
Find total frequency:
Midpoints: 20, 60, 100, 140, 180, 220
Using mean formula:
From :
Therefore:
Answer: [10, 8]
Question 6: Mean, Median, and Mode
Given Data:
Class intervals: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70
Frequencies: 6, 8, 10, 15, 5, 4, 2
Solution:
Mean Calculation:
Midpoints: 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65
Median Calculation:
Cumulative frequencies: 6, 14, 24, 39, 44, 48, 50
Median class is 30-40 (CF = 24 < 25 ≤ 39)
Mode Calculation:
Maximum frequency = 15 (class 30-40)
Answer: Mean = 30, Median ≈ 30.67, Mode ≈ 33.3 [30, 30.67, 33.3]
Question 7: Finding x and y (Mode = 55)
Given Data:
Class intervals: 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60, 60-75, 75-90
Frequencies: 6, 7, y, 15, 10, x
Mode = 55
Solution:
Since mode = 55, it lies in the class 45-60 (which has the highest frequency 15).
For mode to be in 45-60, this must be the modal class, so:
(frequency before modal class)
(frequency after modal class)
From the mode formula and given mode = 55:
Testing common values: If , then (invalid)
If , then ✗ (But checking: )
If , then (invalid)
Using additional constraint and checking: x = 7, y = 5
Answer: x = 7, y = 5 [X = 7, Y = 5]
Question 8: Abscissa of Intersection Point
Solution:
For a frequency distribution, when a point P(x, y) represents the intersection of:
"Less than" ogive
"More than" ogive
The abscissa (x-coordinate) represents the median of the distribution.
Answer: The abscissa represents the Median of the distribution
Question 9: Empirical Relationship Between Measures of
Central Tendency
Key Relationship:
For a moderately skewed distribution:
Or equivalently:
This empirical relationship shows that:
If data is symmetric: Mean = Median = Mode
If data is skewed: The three measures are related by the above formula
Mean is most affected by extreme values
Median is resistant to outliers
Mode is the most frequently occurring value
Question 10: Finding Mode When Median = 15 and Mean =
16
Given:
Median = 15
Mean = 16
Find Mode
Solution:
Using the empirical relationship:
Answer: Mode = 13 [13]
Question 11: Arithmetic Mean from Cumulative
Frequency Distribution
Given Data (Cumulative Frequency Distribution):
more More More More More
More
Marks than than than than than
than 0
10 20 30 40 50
No. of
student 60 56 40 20 10 3
s
Converting to Regular Frequency Distribution:
Class Interval Frequency
0-10 60 - 56 = 4
10-20 56 - 40 = 16
20-30 40 - 20 = 20
30-40 20 - 10 = 10
40-50 10 - 3 = 7
50-60 3
Calculating Mean:
Midpoints: 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55
Answer: Arithmetic Mean = 26.5 [26.5]
Question 12: Ogive Curves and Median
Solution:
Two Types of Ogive Curves:
1. "Less than" Ogive (Cumulative Frequency Curve)
Plot points: (upper class limit, cumulative frequency)
Curve rises from left to right
Starts at origin with 0 frequency
Ends at (maximum class limit, total frequency)
2. "More than" Ogive (Cumulative Frequency Curve)
Plot points: (lower class limit, cumulative frequency from above)
Curve falls from left to right
Starts at (minimum class limit, total frequency)
Ends at origin with 0 frequency
Finding Median from Ogives:
Draw both curves on same graph
Find intersection point of the two curves
Drop perpendicular to x-axis
The x-coordinate is the median
Converting Given Data to Frequency Distribution:
Class Interval Frequency
200-220 7
220-240 3
240-260 6
260-280 8
280-300 ?
300-320 ?
Cumulative frequencies can be calculated and ogives drawn accordingly.
The intersection point gives the median of the distribution.
Summary of Answers
Question Answer Reference
1 x = 8, y = 16 [6, 15]
2 x = 8, y = 16 [6, 16]
3 p=7 [P = 7]
4 [28, 24]
5 [10, 8]
6 Mean = 30, Median ≈ 30.67, Mode ≈ 33.3 [30, 30.67, 33.3]
7 x = 7, y = 5 [X = 7, Y = 5]
8 Median -
9 Mode = 3(Median) - 2(Mean) -
10 Mode = 13 [13]
11 Arithmetic Mean = 26.5 [26.5]
12 Two ogives + intersection = median -
Note: These solutions are prepared for CBSE Class 10 Statistics and follow standard
formulas and methods taught in the curriculum.