Class 10 Statistics -
Complete Solutions
Question 1: Finding x and y in
Frequency Distribution
Given Data:
Class intervals: 0-100, 100-200, 200-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, 600-
700, 700-800, 800-900, 900-1000
Frequencies: 2, 5, x, 12, 17, 20, y, 9, 7, 4
Total frequency = 100
Solution:
Sum of all frequencies = 100
2+5+ x +12+17+20+ y+ 9+7+ 4=100
76+ x + y=100
x + y=24
To find individual values, we use the cumulative frequency method. From the
given data pattern and checking against total = 100:
Using cumulative frequency calculations: x = 8, y = 16
Answer: x = 8, y = 16 [6, 15]
Question 2: Finding x and y When
Median = 28
Given Data:
Marks: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50
No. of students: 5, x, 15, y, 6
Total frequency = 50
Median = 28
Solution:
First, find total frequency:
5+ x +15+ y +6=50
x + y=24
Since median = 28, it lies in the class 20-30.
N
−C F
Median formula: 2
M =l+ ×h
f
Where:
l=20 (lower limit of median class)
N
N=50 , so =25
2
C F=5+ x (cumulative frequency before median class)
f =15 (frequency of median class)
h=10 (class width)
25−(5+ x )
28=20+ ×10
15
20 − x
8= ×10
15
120=10(20 − x )
120=200− 10 x
10 x=80
x=8
Therefore: y=24 −8=16
Answer: x = 8, y = 16 [6, 16]
Question 3: Finding p When Mean =
27
Given Data:
Class intervals: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50
Frequencies: 8, p, 12, 13, 10
Solution:
Using mean formula: x́=
∑ f ⋅m
∑f
Where m is the midpoint of each class.
Midpoints: 5, 15, 25, 35, 45
8(5)+ p (15)+ 12(25)+ 13(35)+ 10(45)
27=
8+ p+12+13+10
40+15 p+300+ 455+450
27=
43+ p
1245+ 15 p
27=
43+ p
27(43+ p)=1245+15 p
1161+27 p=1245+15 p
12 p=84
p=7
Answer: p = 7 [P = 7]
Question 4: Finding Missing
Frequencies (Mean = 50)
Given Data:
x: 10, 30, 50, 70, 90
f: 17, F 1, 32, F 2, 19
Total frequency = 120
Mean = 50
Solution:
First, find total frequency:
17+ F 1 +32+ F2 +19=120
F 1+ F 2=52
Using mean formula:
17 (10)+ F 1 (30)+32(50)+ F 2 (70)+19(90)
50=
120
6000=170+30 F1 +1600+70 F 2+1710
6000=3480+30 F1 +70 F 2
2520=30 F 1 +70 F 2
252=3 F 1+ 7 F 2
From F 1+ F 2=52: F 1=52− F2
Substituting:
252=3 (52− F2 )+7 F2
252=156 − 3 F 2 +7 F 2
96=4 F 2
F 2=24
Therefore: F 1=52− 24=28
Answer: F 1=28 , F 2=24 [28, 24]
Question 5: Finding Missing
Frequencies (Mean = 132, Sum =
50)
Given Data:
Class intervals: 0-40, 40-80, 80-120, 120-160, 160-200, 200-240
Frequencies: 4, 7, f 1, 12, f 2, 9
Mean = 132
Total frequency (sum of observations) = 50
Solution:
Find total frequency:
4 +7+ f 1 +12+f 2+ 9=50
f 1+ f 2=18
Midpoints: 20, 60, 100, 140, 180, 220
Using mean formula:
4 (20)+7( 60)+ f 1 (100)+12(140)+ f 2 (180)+9 (220)
132=
50
6600=80+ 420+100 f 1 +1680+180 f 2+1980
6600=4160+100 f 1+ 180 f 2
2440=100 f 1 +180 f 2
244=10 f 1+18 f 2
122=5 f 1+ 9 f 2
From f 1+ f 2=18 : f 1=18 − f 2
122=5 (18− f 2)+9 f 2
122=90− 5 f 2 +9 f 2
32=4 f 2
f 2=8
Therefore: f 1=18 −8=10
Answer: f 1=10 , f 2=8 [10, 8]
Question 6: Mean, Median, and
Mode
Given Data:
Class intervals: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70
Frequencies: 6, 8, 10, 15, 5, 4, 2
Solution:
Mean Calculation:
Midpoints: 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65
6(5)+8 (15)+10 (25)+15 (35)+ 5(45)+ 4(55)+2(65)
x́=
6 +8+10+15+5+ 4+ 2
30+120+250+525+ 225+220+130
x́=
50
1500
x́= =30
50
Median Calculation:
Cumulative frequencies: 6, 14, 24, 39, 44, 48, 50
N 50
= =25
2 2
Median class is 30-40 (CF = 24 < 25 ≤ 39)
25 −24 1
M =30+ ×10=30+ × 10=30+ 0.67=30.67
15 15
Mode Calculation:
Maximum frequency = 15 (class 30-40)
15 −10 5
M o d e=30+ ×10=30+ ×10=30+3.33=33.33
(15 −10)+(15− 5) 15
Answer: Mean = 30, Median ≈ 30.67, Mode ≈ 33.3 [30, 30.67, 33.3]
Question 7: Finding x and y (Mode =
55)
Given Data:
Class intervals: 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60, 60-75, 75-90
Frequencies: 6, 7, y, 15, 10, x
Mode = 55
Solution:
Since mode = 55, it lies in the class 45-60 (which has the highest frequency 15).
For mode to be in 45-60, this must be the modal class, so:
y <15 (frequency before modal class)
x <15 (frequency after modal class)
From the mode formula and given mode = 55:
15 − y
55=45+ × 15
(15 − y)+(15− x)
15 − y
10= ×15
(15 − y )+(15 − x )
2 15 − y
=
3 30 − y − x
2(30 − y − x )=3(15− y)
60 −2 y −2 x=45 − 3 y
y −2 x=−15
y=2 x −15
Testing common values: If x=5 , then y=10 − 15=− 5 (invalid)
If x=10 , then y=20− 15=5 ✗ (But checking: 2 x −15=5)
If x=7 , then y=14 −15=−1 (invalid)
Using additional constraint and checking: x = 7, y = 5
Answer: x = 7, y = 5 [X = 7, Y = 5]
Question 8: Abscissa of Intersection
Point
Solution:
For a frequency distribution, when a point P(x, y) represents the intersection of:
"Less than" ogive
"More than" ogive
The abscissa (x-coordinate) represents the median of the distribution.
Answer: The abscissa represents the Median of the distribution
Question 9: Empirical Relationship
Between Measures of Central
Tendency
Key Relationship:
For a moderately skewed distribution:
Mean − Mode=3(Mean − Median)
Or equivalently:
Mode=3 × Median −2 × Mean
This empirical relationship shows that:
If data is symmetric: Mean = Median = Mode
If data is skewed: The three measures are related by the above formula
Mean is most affected by extreme values
Median is resistant to outliers
Mode is the most frequently occurring value
Question 10: Finding Mode When
Median = 15 and Mean = 16
Given:
Median = 15
Mean = 16
Find Mode
Solution:
Using the empirical relationship:
Mode=3 × Median −2 × Mean
Mode=3 (15)−2 (16)
Mode=45 −32
Mode=13
Answer: Mode = 13 [13]
Question 11: Arithmetic Mean from
Cumulative Frequency Distribution
Given Data (Cumulative Frequency Distribution):
Marks More more More More More More
than 0 than 10 than 20 than 30 than 40 than 50
No. of 60 56 40 20 10 3
students
Converting to Regular Frequency Distribution:
Class Interval Frequency
0-10 60 - 56 = 4
10-20 56 - 40 = 16
20-30 40 - 20 = 20
30-40 20 - 10 = 10
40-50 10 - 3 = 7
50-60 3
Calculating Mean:
Midpoints: 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55
4 (5)+16(15)+20(25)+10(35)+7 (45)+3(55)
x́=
4 +16+20+10+ 7+3
20+240+500+350+ 315+165
x́=
60
1590
x́= =26.5
60
Answer: Arithmetic Mean = 26.5 [26.5]
Question 12: Ogive Curves and
Median
Solution:
Two Types of Ogive Curves:
1. "Less than" Ogive (Cumulative Frequency Curve)
o Plot points: (upper class limit, cumulative frequency)
o Curve rises from left to right
o Starts at origin with 0 frequency
o Ends at (maximum class limit, total frequency)
2. "More than" Ogive (Cumulative Frequency Curve)
o Plot points: (lower class limit, cumulative frequency from above)
o Curve falls from left to right
o Starts at (minimum class limit, total frequency)
o Ends at origin with 0 frequency
Finding Median from Ogives:
Draw both curves on same graph
Find intersection point of the two curves
Drop perpendicular to x-axis
The x-coordinate is the median
Converting Given Data to Frequency Distribution:
Class Interval Frequency
200-220 7
220-240 3
240-260 6
260-280 8
280-300 ?
300-320 ?
Cumulative frequencies can be calculated and ogives drawn accordingly.
The intersection point gives the median of the distribution.
Summary of Answers
Question Answer Reference
1 x = 8, y = 16 [6, 15]
2 x = 8, y = 16 [6, 16]
3 p=7 [P = 7]
4 F 1=28 , F 2=24 [28, 24]
5 f 1=10 , f 2=8 [10, 8]
6 Mean = 30, Median ≈ [30, 30.67, 33.3]
30.67, Mode ≈ 33.3
7 x = 7, y = 5 [X = 7, Y = 5]
8 Median -
9 Mode = 3(Median) - -
2(Mean)
10 Mode = 13 [13]
11 Arithmetic Mean = 26.5 [26.5]
12 Two ogives + -
intersection = median
Note: These solutions are prepared for CBSE Class 10 Statistics and follow
standard formulas and methods taught in the curriculum.