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Tithing – a group of men whose duty was to apprehend any person who
offends another and deliver that offender for [Link] /
tythingman or “chief-pledge” – leader of the group

ANCIENT LAW ENFORCEMENT THE NORMAL PERIOD OF POLICING (1066-1285)

The Sumerians - The earliest record of ancient peoples needs to [Link]-Rieve System- England at the time of William Norman, divided
standardize rules and methods of enforcement to control human England into 55military districts known as the Shire-Rieve. Shire was
behavior dates to approximately 2300 B.C., when the Sumerian rulers the district, Rieve was the ruler who makes laws, pass judgment and
Lipithstar and Eshumma set standards on what constituted an offense impose punishment. He was assisted by a constable (forerunner of the
against society. The Sumerian "rules" are codified in law codes like the word constabulary).
Code of Ur-Nammu, which established principles for society, including 2. The Traveling Judge- one responsible in passing judgment which
punishments for crimes such as murder, kidnapping, and theft, though it was taken from the Shire-Rieve in view of some abuses by the Rieves
also featured early concepts of societal fairness and distinct social 3. Leges Henri -the law of King Henrie I. During this period:
classes. a. offenses were classified as against the king and individual
b. police men were considered public officials
The Babylonians - The Code of King Hammurabi (2100 B.C.) –during c. police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest
the time of Babylonian King Hammurabi, he established rules for his d. a grand jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law.
kingdom that designated not only offenses but punishment as well. The 4. The Magna-Carta- laws were enacted upon the demand of the
principle of the code was that the strong shall not injure the week. Knights of the Round Table and forced the king to sign the same.
Hammurabi originated the legal principle of LEX Talionis- the eye for Examples of the principles of law include the following:
an eye, tooth for a tooth doctrine. a. no free men shall be taken or imprisoned, disposed or outlawed except
by legal judgment of his peers
Ancient Egypt - The early Egyptians established laws and court and b. no person should be tried from murder unless there is proof the body
a rudimentary rule of law. The first account of a developing court of the victim
system originated in Egypt in approximately 1500 B.C. the court c. Beginning of the national and local government as well as legislation.
system was presided by judges who were appointed by the pharaoh.
Law enforcement was primarily handled by the Medjay, they were THE WESTMINSTER PERIOD OF POLICING (1285-1500)
responsible for maintaining order, enforcing laws, and investigating
crimes. 1. The Statute of 1295- this law prescribed the closing of the gates of
London at sundown. Start of curfew systems.
Ancient Greece - The Greeks had an impressive of law enforcement
2. Justice of the Peace - this was position which gives a person the
called the Ephori. Each year at Sparta, a body of Ephors was elected power to arrest, pursue and impose imprisonment.
and given almost unlimited powers as investigator, judge, jury and
executioner. These five men also presided over the senate and assembly,
3. The Star Chamber court - a special court which try offenses against
assuring that their rules and decrees were followed. From the Greek
the state.
philosopher PLATO, who lived from 427 to347 B.C., was the idea that
punishment should serve the purpose rather than simple retaliation.
MODERN POLICING SYSTEM
Night Watchmen of Bellmen – by King Charles II; bound to be on duty
Ancient Rome - The Romans had a high development system of from sunset to sunrise.
administering justice. The 12 Tabulae (12 tables) were the first written
Bow Street Runners – established by HENRY FIELDING, Chief
laws of the Roman Empire. Ideals with legal procedures, property
Magistrate at Bow Street in London.
ownership, building codes, marriage customs and punishment for
Metropolitan Police Service – established by Sir Robert Peel, British
crimes. At the reign of Emperor Augustus, he created the Praetorian statesman in 1829; the world’s first organized police force later called
Guard, which consisted of about 7000 men\soldiers to protect the palace
SCOTLAND YARD.
and the City of Rome, together with the Urban Cohorts to patrol the
city. He created the so called Vigiles who were assigned as firefighters
and eventually given law enforcement responsibilities. As the first HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM
civilian police force the Vigiles sometimes kept the peace very
ruthlessly, hence the word vigilantes. Another important event was the Pre-Spanish Regime- Before the Spanish came, here has been already a
time of Justinian I, ruler of the Eastern Roman Empire (527 to 265 policing system that was in place in Philippines. That was when there
A.D.) who collected all Roman laws and put it into his Justinian were few people and governing them was quit not difficult unlike
Code-they became known the Corpus Juris Civilis which means Body nowadays that we have complex problems brought by globalization,
of Law. diverse population. In earlier times, most places, in some parts of the
country, the functions of seeing to it that rules and regulations of the
THE EARLY POLICING SYSTEM - The policing system is divided community were enforced devolved on the Headman or whoever heads
into different systems namely: the tribe. He performs all the jobs of the offices of what we call now
The Anglo-Saxon Period - The Anglo-Saxons were influential in chief of police, prosecutor, judge and ail warden.
developing the early police forces. The following are the features of this
period: BARANGANIC SOCIETY
1. Tun (towns/villages) Policing System- Tun is the forerunner of the Village Chief – administrative leader of the community
word town. Under this system all male residents are required to guard Freemen- assisted the chief with the work involving the welfare
the town and to preserve the peace and control, to protect life and
of the community
property from harm or disturbance.
2. Hue and Cry - a system of apprehending a criminal whereby a LAWS:
complaint goes to the middle of the street and shouts to call all males Code of Kalantiao- law that gives harsh and savage punishment
to assemble. The victim reports his complaint to the assembly and gives Maragtas Code – considered as the oldest written law
the whereabouts of the perpetrator. All male residents would then Luwaran-Muslims
proceed to locate and apprehend the culprit. When apprehended, trial is
conducted giving the culprit a chance to depend on himself. Spanish Era/Regime - The police force was considered as part
3. The Royal Judge -a person who conducts criminal investigation of the military system by the Spanish government. The locally
and gives punishment. Punishment usually fits the crime committed.
4. Trial by Ordeal- a system of determining guilt and innocence in
organized police forces, although performing civil duties and
the ancient times which was based on painful test of skills. It is seemingly created for the sole purpose of maintaining peace,
usually accompanied by harsh punishment. For instance, suspects were were in fact directly commanded by the colonial military
required to place their hands in boiling oil or water. When not hurt, it [Link] functions during the Spanish Regime
indicated guilt and the suspect placed under punishment considered mainly in The suppression of brigandage by
[Link] System – earlier known as “frith-borh” (peace-pledge). patrolling unsettled areas Enforcement of tax collection,
It is also known as “mutual pledge”, wherein every male over 12 years including revenues Looking into the works and movement of the
old join nine (9) of his neighbors to form a “tithing”. people.

The police forces organized during the Spanish Regime:

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Japanese Occupation – Kempeitai Japanese Military Police held
Carabineros de Seguridad Publico (Mounted Police) – 1712 responsible in maintaining peace and order in Manila and adjacent urban
It was organized for the purpose of carrying out the policies of areas. It ruled the urban areas until General Douglas McArthur returned
on February 7, 1945. The Kempeitai was the military police force
the Spanish [Link] was given the special commission as
administered by the Japanese War Ministry during WWII over the
custodian of the tobacco monopoly. It was later known as Cuerpo occupied Territories of Japan. Especially trained in interrogation
de Carabineros de Seguridad Publica by virtue of a Royal Decree on methods, its task was to crush all resistance to military rule, and it had
December 20, 1842. Its duties became police – like and more general powers to arrest and extract information from civilians and military like.
including the prosecution of law breakers, maintenance of peace, order,
and security, and the vigilance on the execution of laws and ordinance of
good government. It was subsequently given limited power to discharge Martial law period (1972-1981)
specific duties as port, harbor and river police.
The Martial Law was declared by President Ferdinand Marcos on
Guardrilleros (January 8, 1836) September 21, 1972, by virtue of Proclamation No. 1081. The reason
A body of rural police organized in each town that was created by the behind proclamation were the formation of the New People’s Army, the
Royal decree of January 8, 1836, enlisted to serve for 3 years. Moro National Liberation Front that time fought for an independent
The duties of these local police were: Mindanao, several student’s protests and labor strikes.
To make patrol and carry mails at times
To guard dark and unsafe places During the Martial Law Regime of President Ferdinand E. Marcos, the
To guard the tribunal and prison houses Integrated National Police was organized by virtue of PD 765 on
August 8, 1975. It was composed of the Philippine Constabulary as the
Guardia Civil (February 12, 1842) nucleus and the INP forces as components under the Department of
It partially relieved the Spanish Peninsular Troops of their works in National Defense.
policing towns.
It consisted of a body of Filipino policemen organized originally in each
of the provincial capitals of the central provinces of Luzon under the August 8, 1975 – Philippine Constabulary/integrated National Police
Alcalde (Governor) (PC/INP) was established as the country’s national police force.

HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE POLICE (PNP)- American PD. 765 – Established and constituted the Integrated National Police
Occupation (INP) with the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the INP
as the local police force component.
Insular Police Force (November 30, 1890) -It was established during
the Filipino-American war (1898-1901) upon the recommendation of the The INP was responsible for public safety, protection of lives and
Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War properties, enforcement of laws and maintenance of peace and order
within the territorial limits of the Philippines. It was also responsible to
prevent crimes, effect and arrest of criminal offenders and provide for
Insular Constabulary (July 18, 1901) - It was created by virtue of Act their detention and rehabilitation, take necessary measures to prevent
No. 175 otherwise known as “An Act Providing for the Organization and control fires, investigate the commission of all crimes and offenses
and Government of an Insular Constabulary. The members were and bring the offenders to justice.
declared peace officers and were authorized and empowered to prevent
and suppress brigandage, unlawful assemblies, riots, insurrections and
other breaches of the peace and violations of law. They were empowered R.A. 6975 which was enacted December 13, 1990, created the
to make arrests upon reasonable suspicion without warrant for breaches Philippine National Police, among others like BFP, BJMP and the
of the peace or other violations of the law, and were also empowered Philippine Public Safety College under the reorganized Department
and required to execute any lawful warrant or order of arrest issued of the Interior and Local Government. The law paved the way for the
against any person or persons for any violation of the law by any judge achievement of a Philippine police force which is civilian in character
or justice of the peace or any other officer authorized by law to issue a national in scope as it is the mandate of the Philippine Constitution to
warrant. Prisoners, with or without warrant, shall in all cases, within “promote peace and order, ensure public safety and further strengthen
twenty-four hours if reasonably practicable, be brought before a Judge or local government capability aimed towards the effective delivery of the
Justice of the Peace having jurisdiction over the offense, for examination basic services to the citizenry through the establishment of a highly
and release after bail, if the offense is bailable. When in pursuit of efficient and competent police force that is national and civilian in
criminals the Provincial Inspector of one province in charge of Insular character.
Constabulary is authorized to continue the pursuit beyond the borders of
the province in which he has ordinary jurisdiction and arrest the December 13,1990 – R.A. 6975 was signed entitled” An Act
offenders. Establishing the Philippine National Police under a reorganized
DILG, and for other purposes.

Manila Police Department (MPD) – July 31, 1901 - It was organized January 29, 1991 – Philippine National Police (PNP) was established
by virtue of Act No. 183 of the Philippine Commission. composed of former PC/INP members and selected members from the
Capt. George Curry – a U.S. Army officer appointed by the TAFT AFP such as the PAF, PCG and the PA
Commission on August 7, 1901, as the first Chief of Police.
Capt. Columbus Piatt – last American Chief of Police (COP) of MPD Modern Era (Present) - The birth of the Philippine National Police
before World War II broke out. (PNP)
Col. Antonio C. Torres – first Filipino COP when MPD became an
all-Filipino police organization; declared Manila as an open city when
R.A. 6975 (December 13, 1990) – DILG Act 1990 (also recognized as
World War II broke out in 1941; during the World War II, MPD was
the PNP Law of 1991) approved by the Pres. Corazon Aquino; created
placed again under the American Control.
the Philippine National Police and declared it to be the only police force
Col. Marcus Ellis Jones – a U.S Provost Marshall who was named as
of the country with national in scope and civilian in character.
MPD Chief of Police just after the Manila Liberation.
Col. Lamberto T. Javalera – the first Filipino COP of MPD
appointed by Pre. Roxas under the Republic Government. General Cesar P. Nazareno – was appointed by then Pres. Corazon C.
Aquino as First Director General of the PNP.
Philippine Constabulary (October 3, 1901) - Insular Constabulary was
changed to Philippine Constabulary by virtue of Act No. 255. January 29, 1991 – The Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated
Capt. Henry T. Allen – first Chief of the Philippine Constabulary National Police were retired and PNP was activated in place. Merging
from 1901-1907 such that he was called as the Father of Constabulary of PC and INP into PNP.
in the [Link] was mostly manned by Filipinos, but officers were
mostly Americans. October 28, 1992 – after the retirement of General Cesar Nazareno,
Based on Revised Administrative Code of 1917, specifically Section General Raul Imperial became the second PNP Chief. This though
825, it stated that the Philippine Constabulary is a national police was short lived because he retired on May 6, 1993.
institution for preserving the peace, keeping order and enforcing the law.
Brig/Gen. Rafael Crame – first Filipino Chief of Police. He served as
the PC Chief from 1917-1927 General Umberto Rodriguez – appointed by Pres. Fidel V. Ramos as
the Third PNP Chief on May 6, 1993. He masterly guided the
organization to what it has become today.

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R.A. 8551 (February 25, 1998) – PNP Reform and Reorganization
Act of 1998; approved by President Fidel Ramos and amended R.A. Goals of Police Organization
697; reorganized the PNP for the purpose of reforming and To protect lives and properties.
professionalizing it. To ensure public safety
To maintain peace and order
Republic Act 9263 (2004)- is known as Bureau of Fire Protection
(BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) Objectives of Police Organization
Professionalization Act of 2004. (Sec 1 of RA 9263) To attain effectiveness in the enforcement of law and efficiency of law
enforcers.
To attain a low crime volume and crime rate.
Republic Act 9708 (2009) - is an Act Extending for Five (5) years the To attain a maximum degree of solution and criminal conviction of law
Reglementary Period for Complying with the Minimum Educational violators.
Qualification for Appointment to the PNP and Adjusting the Promotion To attain maximum degree in the protection of lives and properties.
System Thereof, Amending Certain Provisions of Republic Act 6975
and Republic Act 8551 and for Other Purposes.
ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS
Presidential Decree 1184 (1977) - otherwise known as “The Integrated Functional Units:
National Police Personnel Professionalization Act of 1977” was enacted 1. Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a large
on August 26, 1977. department. It comprises of numbers of divisions:
2. Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.
Republic Act 6506 (1972) - otherwise known as “An Act Creating the 3. Section -functional unit within a division that is necessary for
Board of Examiners for Criminologists in the Philippines and for Other specialization.
Purposes” was approved and took effect on July 1, 1972. 4. Unit -functional group within a section; or the smallest functional
group within an organization.
RA 11131 (Nov. 8, 2018)- also known as the Philippine Criminology
Profession Act of 2018, regulates the practice of criminology in the Territorial Units:
Philippines. It establishes a Professional Regulatory Board for 1. Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for
Criminologists and outlines the requirements for licensure, registration, duty, such as a designated desk or office or an intersection or cross
and supervision of criminologists. walk from traffic duty. It is a spot location for general guard duty.
2. Route -a length of streets designated for patrol purposes. It is also
called LINE BEAT.
Republic Act 157 (1947) - The National Bureau of Investigation was 3. Beat - an area assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot or
established on June 19, 1947, by virtue of Republic Act 157. motorized.
4. Sector - an area containing two or more beats, routes, or post.
Fundamental Theories of Police Service 5. District-a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes,
1. The Continental Theory - police are servant of higher authorities usually with its own station.
and the people have little or no share at all in their duties, nor any direct 6. Area- a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised
connection with them. of designated districts
2. The Home Rule Theory - policemen are considered as servants of
the community who defend for the effectiveness of their function upon Other Items and Terminologies
the express wishes of the people. Nature of Police Organization - The police department is truly a
complex bureaucracy. It is mostly a multi-level organization,
Concepts of Police Service organized in the form of a pyramid with the top-level administrator
1. Old Concepts -this old philosophy means throwing more people in being the chief of [Link] the bottom level of the organization, one
jail rather than keeping these out jail. Punishment is the sole instrument finds the patrolman or line officer.
of crime control. The yardstick of efficiency of the police is more on
arrests. PATROL is the backbone of the police department.
2. Modern Concept -police service today has broadened its activities to The lowest level worker found in many, if not most, complex
include certain aspect of social service for the welfare of the people. organizations who usually performs the routine, repetitive kind of
Their yardstick of efficiency is the absence of crime. work necessary to keep the organization functioning.

The exercise of Police Discretion -Conceptually, DISCRETION is the The police department by its very nature places the line officer in a
use of one’s judgment, personal experience, and common sense to position where he is a decision maker and manager of his area of
decide a particular situation. Aside from the wise use of discretion, the responsibility from the first time he is given a beat to patrol.
police are further trained on SEL-DISCIPLINE and SELF-RELIANC
FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
Police Organization and Administration 1. Line Function – functions that carry out the major purposes of the
ORGANIZATION - a group of people working together for a organization, delivering the services and dealing directly with the
common goal or objectives, a form of human association for the public.
attainment of a goal or objective the process of identifying and grouping
the work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and The patrol function is accurately called the backbone of the police
authority, establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people service.
to work effectively.
2. Staff Services- functions that are designed to support the line
POLICE ORGANIZATION - a group of trained personnel in the functions and assist in the performance of the line functions.
field of public safety administration engaged in the achievement of goals
and objectives that promote the maintenance of peace and order, 3. Auxiliary Services – functions involving the logistical operations of
protection of life and property, enforcement of the laws and the the organization.
prevention of crimes. Examples are communication, maintenance, records management,
supplies and equipment management.
ADMINISTRATION - an organizational process concerned with the
implementation of objectives and plans, and internal operating ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
efficiency connotes bureaucratic structure and behavior, relatively a. Operational Units – those that perform primary or line functions.
routine decision-making and maintenance of the internal order. Examples: patrol, traffic, investigation and vice control.
b. Administrative Units – those that perform the administrative
POLICE ADMINISTRATION - the process involved in ensuring functions.
strict compliance, proper obedience of laws and related statutes Examples: personnel, finance, planning and training.
focuses on the policing process or how law enforcement agencies are c. Service Units – those that perform auxiliary functions.
organized and managed in order to achieve the goals of law Examples: communication, records management.
enforcement most effectively, efficiently and productively
ELEMENTS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION
Goal - a desired result you want to achieve and is typically broad and Unity of command - requires that an individual be directly
long-term (Forsey, 2019). accountable to only one superior. No person can effectively serve two
superiors at a given time.
Objective - defines the specific, measurable actions (Forsey, 2019).

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Chain of Command - Primarily this principle provides for the vertical C. MALFEASANCE- Performance of some act which ought not to be
movement of authority up and down established channels in the done Also known as misconduct
organizational hierarchy. The arrangement of officers from top to
bottom based on rank or position and authority. A. PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION - Supervision refers to the act of
overseeing people. In the police organization, the process of overseeing
Delegation of Responsibility and Authority - There must be a clear subordinates and line officers.
line of normal authority running from the top to bottom of every
organization. It is important, also the responsibility and the authority be
clearly defined. The Police Supervisor - Supervisor in its generic sense refers to a
person in charge of setting goals for performance and deadlines in ways
Span of Control - The number of officers or units reporting directly that comply with the organization’s plans and vision. In its strict sense,
to the supervisor should not exceed the number that can be feasibly and this refers to a person in charge of organizing the workflow and ensures
effectively coordinate and directed. that subordinates understand their duties or delegated tasks, monitors
productivity, and provides feedback and coaching.
Command Responsibility – dictates that immediate commanders shall
be responsible for the effective supervision and control of their The Basic responsibilities of the Supervisor
personnel and unit. Direction
Creation of as suitable working climate
Employee development
Kinds of Organizational Structures Self-development
1. Line - the oldest and simplest kind; also called military defined by
its clear chain of command from the highest to the lowest and vice B. POLICE LEADERSHIP
versa. Depicts the line function of the organization. Orders or Leadership- The ability of an individual to influence, motivate and
commands must come from the higher level of authority before it can be enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the
carried out, involves few departments. organizations of which they are members.

2. Functional - structure according to functions and specialized units. Leadership Style

Depicts staff functions of the organization. Responsibilities are divided
among authorities who are all accountable to the authority above. The Autocratic - Highly authoritative. Makes decisions without
allowing subordinates to participate. He directs, commands his men in
such a manner that no forgets who is the boss.
3. Line and Staff -a combination of the line and functional kind.
combines the flow of information from the line structure with the staff
departments that service, advise, and support them. generally, more The Democratic -The leader, who leads democratically, seeking ideas
formal in nature and has many departments. and suggestions from his subordinates and allowing them to participate
in decision making, secures the best result of as leader.
Organizational Principles of four Primal Conditions of an
Organization The Free Rein - The leader who plays down his role as such as
1. Authority -the supreme source of government for any organization exercises minimum control seldom gives his subordinates the attention
the right to exercise, to decide and to command by virtue of rank and of help they need. He does not interfere with them but permits a laissez
position. faire operation.
2. Mutual Cooperation - an organization exists because it serves a
purpose. Laissez-faire - The leader interferes very little with workers. In this
3. Doctrine - provides for the organization's objectives. provides the style productivity and morale suffer, and unofficial leaders emerge to fill
various actions, hence policies, procedures, rules and regulations of the the void.
organization are based on the statement of doctrines.
4. Discipline - comprising behavioural regulatio
C. Elements of Leadership

PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION Indicators of leadership- a high level of discipline in its broadest sense
1) UNITY OF COMMAND - dictates that there should only be ONE in an organization is perhaps the best mark of good organizational
MAN commanding the unit to ensure uniformity in the execution leadership. Ordinarily, if discipline is present a high level of esprit de
of orders corps and morale will result together with efficiency.

2) SPAN OF CONTROL - the maximum number of subordinates Psychology of leadership- the maintenance of a high level of discipline
that a superior can effectively supervise and morale requires some practical knowledge of the psychological
Factors affecting the span of control: factors that affect human behavior. Little supervision has an instinctive
a) Leadership qualities of the supervisors knowledge of these factors that comes only with training and experience.
b) Nature of the job and work conditions
c) Complexity of task Leadership Ethics- the position of true leadership places upon the
d) Education and skill of the employees leader a moral obligation to adhere strictly to the high standards of honor
and integrity. His moral code must beyond reproach. His conduct is
3) DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY - conferring of certain specified appraised in three frames of reference- what it actually is, what he thinks
authority by a superior to a subordinate and what he appears to others.

4) HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY - the relationship between Personality of a Leader- the personality of an individual is a composite
superiors and subordinates of his personal characteristics. Every good leader has the capacity of a
good supervisor. Personal traits of successful leaders should be observed
5) SPECIALIZATION - the assignment of particular personnel to and studied by the supervisor in refining his techniques.
particular tasks which are highly technical and require special skills
and training E. Categories of a good Leadership
Actual- giving guidance or direction.
6) CHAIN OF COMMAND - the arrangement of officers from top to Potential- the capacity or ability to lead. “born leader”
bottom on the basis of rank or position and authority
F. Theory of Leadership effectiveness
7) COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY dictates that immediate It is argued that a successful or effective leadership style depends on the
commanders shall be responsible for the effective supervision and following factors.
control of their personnel and unit
Leader-Member Relation
DERELICTION OF DUTY The most important determinant of leader effectiveness is the degree to
which the leader enjoys the acceptance, confidence, support and loyalty
of subordinates. When leader-member relations are strong, the leader has
A. NON-FEASANCE- it is the omission of some act which ought to be
a full range of personal and organizational bases of influence to use in
performed. Also referred to as neglect of duty
trying to gain subordinate’s support.

B. MISFEASANCE- It is the improper performance of some act which Task Structure

might be lawfully done. Irregularities in the performance of duties

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The degree to which subordinate jobs are routine, in contrast to non- The Internal Affairs Service (IAS) is headed by a Inspector General
routine, is the measure of task structure. Highly structured task, such as who assists the Chief PNP in ensuring operational readiness and
those requiring a great deal of repetition, confer much authority and investigates infractions of the regulations committed by the members of
power on managers. Such tasks are likely to have very specific the PNP.
performance criteria. Tasks of a non-routine nature usually necessitate a
more democratic, less dominant leadership style. The Human Rights Affairs Office (HRAO) is headed by senior police
commissioned officer who serves as a manager of the facility that will
Leader Position Power supervise the implementation of the guidelines and policies on human
The extent of formal and informal power granted to the manager by the rights laws.
organization is the measure of the leader position power. Such power is
indicated by the manager’s authority, vested in him or her by the top The Center for Police Strategy Management (CPSM) serves as the
management of the organization. High position power allows for the use Central facility of the PNP in coordinating and integrating all strategy
of more autocratic leadership styles; low position power usually requires management processes, sustaining its strategy execution and
a more democratic, or even a laissez-faire approach. management, and instilling in the organization a culture of strategy focus

Take Note: Officers who possess or acquire the same special technical
skills and competencies but originally commissioned in the regular corps
of officers shall be considered as Line Officers.

The Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC); - Philippine Public

Safety College (PPSC) is the premier educational institution for the
training, human resource development, and continuing education of all
personnel of the PNP and Fire and Jail Bureaus.

The Secretary of the Department of Interior and Local Government

(DILG) is the Chairman of the National Police Commission. - The
Secretary of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)
shall be the ex officio chairman of the National Police Commission. He
shall be appointed by the President subject to confirmation of the
Commission on Appointments. Take Note: The term ex officio means an Operational units
accompanying office by virtue of a position. Others say it is The following operational support units exist within the PNP.
“automatic.”
Anti-Cybercrime Group (ACG) – responsible for the investigation
of cybercrime, conducting forensic analyses on seized computers and
National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) - The NAPOLCOM
digital evidence, and for assessing vulnerabilities in public and private
refers to the collegial governing body composed of the Secretary of the
IT infrastructure.
Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) as ex - officio
Chairman and four (4) regular Commissioners and one (1) ex – officio
Anti-Kidnapping Group (AKG) – responsible in addressing
Commissioner, as Members, which regularly meets en banc and decides
kidnapping menace in the country and in handling hostage situations.
through majority vote of all its members in all matters involving vital
policy issues in the exercise of its administration and control functions
Aviation Security Group (AVSEGROUP) – responsible for the
over the Philippine National Police
security of Philippine airports against threats to civil aviation.
Composition of the NAPOLCOM:
Civil Security Group (CSG) – responsible for the regulation of all
The NAPOLCOM shall be composed of the following:
organized private detectives, watchmen, security agencies, and company
Chairperson.
guard forces. It also supervises the licensing and registration of firearms
The Secretary of the DILG shall be the ex – officio Chairperson of the
and explosives.
Commission.
Four (4) regular Commissioners; and
Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) – responsible
Ex – officio Commissioner.
for monitoring, investigating, and prosecuting all crimes involving
The PNP Chief is the ex – officio Commissioner
economic sabotage, and other crimes of such magnitude and extent as to
indicate their commission by highly placed or professional criminal
RELATIONSHIP OF THE PNP TO THE DILG syndicates and organizations. It also conducts organized crime control
and handles all major cases involving violations of the penal code or
Pursuant to Republic Act No. 6975 as amended by Republic Act No. other laws assigned.
8551, The PNP in under the administrative control and operational
supervision of the National Police Commission. Meanwhile, the Drug Enforcement Group (DEG) – responsible for the prevention and
NAPOLCOM is an attached agency of the Department of the Interior control of illegal drugs in support of the Philippine Drug Enforcement
and Local Government for policy and program coordination. The Agency. It is formerly known as the PNP Anti-Illegal Drugs Group.
Secretary of the Interior and Local government is mandated to be the
Ex- Officio Chairman of NAPOLCOM.
The Highway Patrol Group (HPG) – responsible for enforcing traffic
laws and motor vehicle registration and regulation and assisting
NATIONAL IN SCOPE the Land Transportation Office and is also part of the LTFRB #I-ACT!.
This means that the PNP is a nationwide government organization This group is rarely seen outside of highly urbanized areas or in any
whose jurisdiction covers the entire breadth of the Philippine provincial areas however.[citation needed]
archipelago all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP are
national government employees
Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group (IMEG) – responsible
for conducting intelligence build-up and law enforcement operations
CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER against PNP personnel who are involved in any illegal activities such as
This means that that the PNP is not a part of the military, although drug trafficking, human trafficking, financial crimes, cybercrime,
it retains some military attributes such as discipline. malversation, graft and corrupt practices, security violations, and others.
It replaced the Counter-Intelligence Task Force (CITF).
THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE PNP
PNP Command Group is headed by the Chief PNP who is vested with Intelligence Group (IG) – responsible for intelligence and counter-
the power to command and direct the PNP Assisted by two Deputies intelligence.
assigned to the administration of the PNP (DDA) and one for operations
side (DDO). Forensic Group (FG) – responsible for carrying out different forensic
services and scientific investigations. Known previously as the Crime
The Chief of the Directorial Staff (TCDS) serves as the Chief Laboratory (CL), it includes the Scene of the Crime Operations (SOCO)
Operations Officer of the PNP. He coordinates, supervises, and directs division.
the Directorial Staff and the PNP units in the performance of their
respective functions
Philippine National Police boat on the Iloilo River, Iloilo City

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Law Enforcement Organization and Administration (Inter-Agency Approach) RJGB
Maritime Group (MG) – responsible for performing all police
functions over Philippine territorial waters, lakes, and rivers and along
coastal areas, including ports, harbors, and small islands for the security
and the safety of the maritime environment.

Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG) – responsible for the

security of vital government installations, government officials, visiting
dignitaries and private individuals authorized to be given protection. It
also supports the Presidential Security Group in protecting
the president and their family.

Special Action Force (SAF) – a mobile strike force or a reaction unit to

augment regional, provincial, municipal and city police force for civil
disturbance control, internal security operations, hostage-taking rescue
operations, search and rescue in times of natural calamities, disasters and
national emergencies and other special police operations such as anti-
hijacking, anti-terrorism, and explosives and ordnance disposal.

PNP Air Unit (AU) – a highly specialized police unit specializing in

providing air support to the entire PNP. It is staffed by a pool of
professional, licensed and experienced pilots and aircraft mechanics.
Once a part of Special Action Force.

National Administration Support Units

Internal Affairs Service (IAS)
PNP Custodial Center
Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA)
PNP Training Institute (PNPTI)
Headquarters Support Service (HSS)
Health Service (HS)
Logistics Support Service (LSS)
Finance Service (FS)
PNP Training Service (PNPTS)
Engineering Service (ES)
Legal Service (LS)
Communications and Electronics Service (CES)
Information Technology Management Service (ITMS)
Police Retirement and Benefits Administration Service (PRBS)
Chaplain Service (ChS)
Police Recruitment and Selection Service (PRSS)

PERSONNEL RECRUITMENT

Recruitment- the process of attracting candidates who have the

maximum qualifications to be eligible for the selection procedure

Selection- Process of screening out/eliminating undesirable applicants

that do not meet the organization’s selection criteria

Appointment- Selection by the authority, vested with the power of an

individual who exercises the function of a given office.

GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PNP

(RA 6975, as

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