1. Which statement best explains C.
Their valence shell is full
why ionic compounds have high D. They easily lose electrons
melting points?
A. They contain molecules with shared 7. Which group of elements has 7
electrons valence electrons?
B. They are composed of non-metals only
C. Strong electrostatic forces hold ions in
A. Alkali metals
a lattice B. Alkaline earth metals
D. Electrons move freely between atoms C. Halogens
D. Noble gases
2. Which pair of elements is most
likely to form an ionic compound? 8. What happens to atomic size as
A. C and O you move down a group on the
B. Na and Cl periodic table?
C. H and O A. It decreases due to stronger
D. N and N nuclear pull
B. It increases due to more energy
3. When a sodium atom forms an shells
ion, what happens?
C. It stays the same
A. It gains one electron and becomes Na⁻
B. It loses one proton and becomes D. It becomes unpredictable
neutral
9. Which substance is a compound
C. It loses one electron and becomes Na⁺
but NOT a molecule?
D. It shares electrons with chlorine
A. H₂O
4. Which particle determines the B. O₂
identity of an element? C. NaCl
A. Electron D. CO₂
B. Neutron
10. Which condition allows an ionic
C. Proton
compound to conduct electricity?
D. Valence shell
A. When solid
5. Which statement about covalent B. When frozen
compounds is correct? C. When dissolved in water
A. They conduct electricity when D. When crushed
solid
11. Which subatomic particle has no
B. They consist of ions arranged in a
charge?
lattice
A. Proton
C. Electrons are shared between
B. Electron
atoms
C. Neutron
D. They always involve metals
D. Ion
6. Why do noble gases rarely react
12. What does the atomic number
with other elements?
represent?
A. They have too many protons
A. Number of neutrons
B. Their electrons are tightly packed
B. Number of electrons gained B. Sharing electrons
C. Number of protons C. Losing electrons
D. Atomic mass D. Gaining neutrons
13. Which type of element is
typically brittle and dull?
19. Which particle contributes most
A. Metal
to atomic mass?
B. Non-metal
A. Electrons
C. Metalloid
B. Protons only
D. Noble gas
C. Neutrons only
14. What is the maximum number of D. Protons and neutrons
electrons in the first energy shell?
A. 1 20. Which bond forms between two
B. 2 non-metals?
C. 8 A. Ionic
D. 18 B. Metallic
C. Covalent
15. Which element is a metalloid? D. Nuclear
A. Sodium
B. Oxygen
C. Silicon
D. Neon
16. Which statement best describes
a mixture?
A. Chemically bonded substances
B. Fixed ratio of atoms
C. Each substance keeps its
properties
D. Only one type of atom
17. Which factor explains why
metals conduct electricity?
A. Fixed electrons
B. Free-moving electrons
C. High melting point
D. Ionic bonds
18. Which change forms a cation?
A. Gaining electrons
Which bond involves electrostatic
attraction?
Why is helium stable with only 2
valence electrons?
Which pair forms a molecule but not a
compound?
Which group shows gradual change in
properties?
Which ion is formed when oxygen
gains two electrons? Why are transition metals useful
industrially?
Which statement about metalloids is
true? Which atom becomes Cl⁻?
Which element has the same number What happens when an atom becomes
of valence electrons as fluorine? an ion?
Why does atomic size decrease across Which shell is the valence shell?
a period?
Which element would be most reactive
Which diagram best represents a in Group 1?
stable atom?
What happens to electrons during
Which group contains the most covalent bonding?
reactive metals?
Which compound has the highest
Why are covalent compounds melting point?
generally soft?
Which property best distinguishes ionic
Which particle moves during electrical from covalent compounds?
conduction in metals?
Why do non-metals conduct electricity
What makes halogens highly reactive? poorly?
Which element is liquid at room Which particle is outside the nucleus?
temperature?
Which trend is correct?
Which substance conducts electricity
as a solid? Which statement about atoms is
FALSE?
Which ion has a +2 charge?
51. Explain why atoms form chemical
What does a subscript in a chemical bonds.
formula show?
52. Describe the difference between an
Which change violates the law of atom and an ion.
conservation of mass?
53. Why is H₂O considered both a 70. Explain the law of conservation of
molecule and a compound? mass using a chemical equation.
54. Explain why NaCl is not a molecule. 71. Describe how a mixture differs from a
compound.
55. Compare ionic and covalent bonds in
terms of electron behavior. 72. Why do transition metals form
multiple ions?
56. Explain why noble gases are
unreactive. 73. Explain why metalloids are
semiconductors.
57. Describe what happens to electrons
when iron forms Fe³⁺. 74. Why does losing electrons make an
atom positive?
58. Why does atomic size increase down
a group? 75. Explain why oxygen usually forms a
−2 ion.
59. Explain the role of valence electrons
in chemical reactions. 76. Describe how energy shells affect
atomic size.
60. Why do ionic compounds conduct
electricity only when dissolved or 77. Why do non-metals tend to gain
melted? electrons?
61. Explain how Mendeleev predicted 78. Explain why ionic bonds are strong.
undiscovered elements.
79. What happens to valence electrons
62. Why was atomic number a better during covalent bonding?
organizing principle than atomic mass?
80. Why does chlorine react easily with
63. Describe the structure of an ionic sodium?
lattice.
81. Explain why electrons determine
64. Explain why covalent compounds chemical behavior.
usually have low melting points.
82. Compare compounds and mixtures
65. What information does a Bohr with examples.
diagram show?
83. Why is mercury an exception among
66. Why are halogens highly reactive? metals?
67. Explain why metals are malleable and 84. Explain why elements in Group 18
ductile. are stable.
68. Compare elements in the same group 85. Describe the relationship between
vs the same period. protons and atomic number.
69. Why do electrons contribute very 86. Why do alkali metals react violently
little to atomic mass? with water?
87. Explain how atomic size affects
reactivity.
88. Why does a stronger nuclear pull
reduce atomic size?
89. Explain why ionic compounds are
brittle.
90. Describe how electrons move in
metals.
91. Why are covalent compounds poor
electrical conductors?
92. Explain the difference between a
molecule and a compound.
93. Why is an atom the smallest unit of
an element?
94. Describe what happens during ionic
bonding.
95. Explain how valence shell filling leads
to stability.
96. Why does helium not need 8 valence
electrons?
97. Explain periodic trends in atomic size.
98. Why do electrons move during
chemical reactions?
99. Describe how ions form in metals vs
non-metals.
100. Explain why chemical reactions
involve only electrons, not nuclei.
Which statement best explains why ionic
compounds have high melting points?
- Strong electrostatic forces hold ions
in lattice
Explanation: Ionic compounds consist
of positive and negative ions held
together by strong electrostatic
attractions in a rigid ionic lattice.