“DEVELOPING AN EFFICIENT GARBAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM”

A Submission in Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Award of Activity Points

By

ANARGHYA
1BM18CV009

Under the Guidance of

Nagendra Babu

Bangalore, India

July 2021

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

[Link] CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

1 Introduction 3

2 Principles of waste management 4

3 Importance of waste Segregation 5

4 Activities Conducted 7

5 Pictures and screenshots 8

6 Observation and learnings 11

7 References 12

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INTRODUCTION TO EFFICIENT GARBAGE DISPOSAL

Waste management (or waste disposal) includes the activities and actions required to
manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the collection, transport,
treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste
management process and waste-related laws, technologies, economic mechanisms.

Waste can be solid, liquid, or gaseous and each type has different methods of disposal and
management. Waste management deals with all types of waste, including industrial, biological,
household, municipal, organic, biomedical, radioactive wastes.

In some cases, waste can pose a threat to human health. Health issues are associated throughout
the entire process of waste management. Health issues can also arise indirectly or directly.
Directly, through the handling of said waste, and indirectly through the consumption of water,
soil and food.

With rapid urbanization, the country is facing massive waste management challenge. Over 377
million urban people live in 7,935 towns and cities and generate 62 million tonnes of municipal
solid waste per annum. Only 43 million tonnes (MT) of the waste are collected, 11.9 MT is
treated and 31 MT is dumped in landfill sites. Solid Waste Management (SWM) is one among
the basic essential services provided by municipal authorities in the country to keep urban
centers clean. However, almost all municipal authorities deposit solid waste at a dump yard
within or outside the city haphazardly. Experts believe that India is following a flawed system of
waste disposal and management.

The key to efficient waste management is to ensure proper segregation of waste at source and to
ensure that the waste goes through different streams of recycling and resource recovery.

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PRINCIPLES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

1. Waste hierarchy
The waste hierarchy refers to the "3 Rs" Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, which classifies waste
management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimization. The waste
hierarchy is the cornerstone of most waste minimization strategies. The aim of the waste
hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the
minimum amount of end waste.

[Link]-cycle of a product
The life-cycle begins with design, then proceeds through manufacture, distribution, and primary
use and then follows through the waste hierarchy's stages of reduce, reuse and recycle. Each
stage in the life-cycle offers opportunities for policy intervention, to rethink the need for the
product, to redesign to minimize waste potential, to extend its use. Product life-cycle analysis is a
way to optimize the use of the world's limited resources by avoiding the unnecessary generation
of waste.

3. Resource efficiency
Resource efficiency reflects the understanding that global economic growth and development
cannot be sustained at current production and consumption patterns. Globally, humanity extracts
more resources to produce goods than the planet can replenish. Resource efficiency is the
reduction of the environmental impact from the production and consumption of these goods,
from final raw material extraction to the last use and disposal.

4. Polluter-pays principle
The polluter-pays principal mandates that the polluting party pays for the impact on the
environment. With respect to waste management, this generally refers to the requirement for a
waste generator to pay for appropriate disposal of the unrecoverable material.

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WASTE SEGREGATION
Waste sorting is the process by which waste is separated into different elements. Waste sorting
can occur manually at the household and collected through curbside collection schemes, or
automatically separated in materials recovery facilities or mechanical biological
treatment systems. Hand sorting was the first method used in the history of waste sorting.

IMPORTANCE OF WASTE SEGREGATION

"Waste segregation" means dividing waste into dry and wet. Dry waste includes wood and
related products, metals and glass. Wet waste typically refers to organic waste usually generated
by eating establishments and are heavy in weight due to dampness. Waste segregation is
different from waste sorting. Waste segregation is the grouping of waste into different categories.
Each waste goes into its category at the point of dumping or collection, but sorting happens after
dumping or collection. Segregation of waste ensures pure, quality material. Sorting on the other
hand will end up producing impure materials with less quality.

The purpose is to recycle dry waste easily and to use wet waste as compost. When segregating
waste, the amount of waste that gets landfilled reduces considerably, resulting in lower levels of
air and water pollution. It is important to remember that waste segregation should be based on
the type of waste and the most appropriate treatment and disposal. This also makes it easier to
apply different processes to the waste, like composting, recycling and incineration. It is
important to practice waste management and segregation as a community. One way to practice
waste management is to ensure there is awareness. The process of waste segregation should be
explained to the community.

Segregated waste is also often cheaper to dispose of because it does not require as much manual
sorting as mixed waste. There are a number of important reasons why waste segregation is
important such as legal obligations, cost savings and protection of human health and the
environment. Institutions should make it as easy as possible for their staff to correctly segregate
their waste. This can include labelling, making sure there are enough accessible bins and clearly
indicating why segregation is so important.

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Recommended colour coding of containers
Yellow- papers and glass bottles.
Brown- for chemical and pharmaceutical waste
Black- for general waste
Green - wet and bioderadable wastes.
Blue-disposal of plastic wrappers and non-bioderadable wastes.

Waste segregation is included in law because it is much easier to recycle. Effective segregation
of wastes means that less waste goes to landfill which makes it cheaper and better for people and
the environment. It is also important to segregate for public health. In particular, hazardous
wastes can cause long term health problems, so it is very important that they are disposed of
correctly and safely and not mixed in with the normal waste coming out of your home or office.

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ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED

TASK 1
Segregation of waste at home
a. Checked the type of garbage disposal system at our place (home/ flat/ PG).
b. Took a photo of it.
c. Understood how the waste is segregated.
d. Installed and set up Wet waste & Dry waste segregation at our place.
e. Uploaded a picture of before and after and created awareness.

TASK 2
Growing plastic bottle plant.
a. Collected 5 plastic bottles.
b. Cut the plastic bottle to fill in soil.
c. The right type of soil was selected and collected.
d. Soil of desired was filled inside the cut plastic bottle.
e. Plant was grown inside the plastic bottle.

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ACTIVITY 2 – TASK 1

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ACTVITY 2 – TASK 2

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OBSERVATIONS AND LEARNINGS.
Disposal of waste and management of waste is of utmost importance in order to live a healthy
and hygienic life.
In the first activity – Segregation of waste into wet and dry
We understood the concepts related to waste management: waste/garbage, waste disposal,
waste segregation, biodegradable, non-biodegradable.
Recognized the use of blue and green trash bins. Identified ways of proper waste disposal.
Identified waste/garbage that can be reused and/or recycled. Practiced proper waste management
such as waste segregation and also created awareness about the above said by posting on social
media.

The second activity – Plastic bottle plants.

Problems on improper waste disposal have caused other problems such as clogged
drainage or canals, flooding and diseases. Hence, there is a need for people to find ways on
how to address these problems because it is our responsibility to protect our environment. One
of these ways is to apply the 3R – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
This activity we have reused and recycled used plastic bottles to grow plants. We also
understood the importance of Recycling.

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REFERENCES.
1. [Link]
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2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
5. [Link]
6. [Link]
7. [Link]
est/PDF/Proper%20Waste%20Management%20at%[Link]

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