Chapter-2 Nutrition In Animals
Ch 2_ Nutrition In Animals_Exercise No.1_Page No.20
Question 1(a):
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:Digestive system
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: Fillups
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The main steps of nutrition in humans are __________, __________,__________,
_________ and __________.
Question 1(b):
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:The small intestine
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: Fillups
Fill in the blanks:
(b) The largest gland in the human body is __________.
Question 1(c):
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:The stomach
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: Fillups
Fill in the blanks:
(c) The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and_________ juices which act on food.
Question 1(d):
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:Absorption in the small
intestine
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: Fillups
Fill in the blanks:
(d) The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called _________.
Question 1(e):
Pre-concept: Amoeba
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Feeding and digestion in amoeba
Key skill:Pseudopodia
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: Fillups
Fill in the blanks:
(e) Amoeba digests its food in the ____________ .
Question 2(a):
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:The mouth and buccal cavity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: True or false
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:
(a) Digestion of starch starts in the stomach. (T/F)
Question 2(b):
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:The mouth and buccal cavity
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: True or false
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:
(b) The tongue helps in mixing food with saliva. (T/F)
Question 2(c):
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:The small intestine
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: True or false
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:
(c) The gall bladder temporarily stores bile. (T/F)
Question 2(d):
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in grass-eating animals
Key skill:Ruminants
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: True or false
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:
(d) The ruminants bring back swallowed grass into their mouth
and chew it for some time. (T/F)
Question 3(a):
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:The small intestine
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: MCQ
(a) Fat is completely digested in the
(i) stomach
(ii) mouth
(iii) small intestine
(iv) large intestine
Question 3(b):
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:Large intestine
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: MCQ
(b) Water from the undigested food is absorbed mainly in the
(i) stomach
(ii) food pipe
(iii) small intestine
(iv) large intestine
Question 4:
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:Digestive system
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: Matching
Match the items of Column I with those given in Column II:
Column I Column II
Food components Product(s) of digestion
Carbohydrates Fatty acids and glycerol
Proteins Sugar
Fats Amino acids
Question 5:
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:Absorption in the small
intestine
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
Skill: Creative thinking
Difficulty level: Medium
Question type: Long
What are villi? What is their location and function?
Question 6:
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:The small intestine
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
Skill:Creative thinking
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Long
Where is the bile produced? Which component of the food does it help to digest?
Question 7:
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in grass-eating animals
Key skill:Rumination
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
Skill: Creative thinking
Difficulty level: Medium
Question type: Short
Name the type of carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants but not by humans. Give the
reason also.
Question 8:
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:Human digestive system
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
Skill: Creative thinking
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Short
Why do we get instant energy from glucose?
Question 9:
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:Human digestive system
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level: Medium
Question type: One word type
Which part of the digestive canal is involved in:
(i) absorption of food ________________.
(ii) chewing of food ________________.
(iii) killing of bacteria ________________.
(iv) complete digestion of food ________________.
(v) formation of faeces ________________.
Question 10:
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestive system
Key skill:Alimentary canal and amoeba
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Skill: Critical thinking
Difficulty level: Medium
Question type: Difference and similarity
Write one similarity and one difference between the nutrition in amoeba and human beings.
Question 11:
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:Human digestive system
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Decision making
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Matching
Match the items of Column I with suitable items in Column II
Column I Column II
(a) Salivary gland (i) Bile juice secretion
(b) Stomach (ii) Storage of undigested food
(c) Liver (iii) Saliva secretion
(d) Rectum (iv) Acid release
(e) Small intestine (v) Digestion is completed
(f ) Large intestine (vi) Absorption of water
(vii) Release of faeces
Question 12:
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:Alimentary canal
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Creation
Skill: Creative thinking
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Flow chart
Label of the digestive system.
Question 13:
Pre-concept: Nutrition
Concept: Nutrition in Animals
Sub concept: Digestion in humans
Key skill:Human digestive system
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Skill: Critical thinking
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Short
Can we survive only on raw, leafy vegetables/grass? Discuss.
Solution:1(a)
Hint:The breakdown of complex components of food into simpler substances is called digestion.
Explanation:
There are five steps in the process of Nutrition in animals:
1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Assimilation
5. Egestion
Step 1:
● Ingestion: Process of taking food into the body by the animal.
● When we put food into our mouth with our hands, we are ingesting it.
Step 2:
● Digestion: Process in which the food containing large, insoluble molecules is
broken down into small, water soluble molecules which can be absorbed by the
body.
Step 3:
● Absorption: Process in which the digested food passes through the intestinal
wall into the bloodstream.
● After the digestion, food molecules become small and soluble.
● This food passes through the walls of our intestine and goes into the blood.
Step 4:
● Assimilation: Process in which the absorbed food is taken in by the body cells
and used for energy, growth and repair.
● Blood carries the absorbed food to all the parts of the body.
Step 5:
● Egestion: Process in which the undigested food is removed from the body.
Answer:
● The main steps of nutrition in humans are ingestion, digestion, absorption,
assimilation and egestion.
Solution:1(b)
Hint:Liver is a reddish brown color gland of our body.
Explanation:
● The liver is a reddish brown gland situated in the upper part of the abdomen on the right
side.
● It is the largest gland in the body.
● It secretes bile juice that is stored in a sac called the gallbladder.
● The bile plays an important role in the digestion of fats.
Answer:
● The largest gland in the human body is the liver.
Solution:1(c)
Hint:Stomach is a thick-walled bag.
Explanation:
● The inner lining of the stomach secretes mucus, hydrochloric acid and digestive juices.
● The mucus protects the lining of the stomach. The acid kills many bacteria that enter
along with the food and makes the medium in the stomach acidic and helps the digestive
juices to act.
● The digestive juices break down the proteins into simpler substances
Answer:
● The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and digestive juices which act on food.
Solution:1(d)
Hint:Thousands of finger-like outgrowths in the small intestine called villi.
Explanation:
● Digested food from the stomach passes into the blood vessels in the wall of the intestine.
● This process is called absorption.
● The inner walls of the small intestine have thousands of finger-like [Link] are
called villi (singular villus).
● The villi increases the surface area for absorption of the digested food.
● Each villus has a network of thin and small blood vessels close to its surface.
● The surface of the villi absorbs the digested food materials.
Answer:
● The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called villi.
Solution:1(e)
Hint:Finger-like projections of amoeba called pseudopodia or false feet.
Explanation:
● Amoeba ingests its food with the help of its false feet or pseudopodia.
● When it senses food, it
pushes out pseudopodia around the food particle and engulfs it. The food becomes
trapped in a food vacuole.
● The food is digested in the food vacuole.
Answer:
● Amoeba digests its food in the food vacuole .
Solution:2(a)
Hint:The process of taking food into the body is called ingestion.
Explanation:
● Food is taken into the body through the mouth.
● The process of taking food into the body is called ingestion.
● We chew the food with our teeth and break it down mechanically into small pieces.
● Digestion of carbohydrates, like starch, begins in the buccal cavity.
Answer:
False
Solution:2(b)
Hint:Tongue is a fleshy muscular
organ.
Explanation:
● The tongue is a fleshy muscular organ attached at the back to the floor of the buccal
cavity.
● It is free at the front and can be moved in all directions.
● It mixes saliva with the food during chewing and helps in swallowing food. We also taste
food with our tongue.
● It has taste buds that detect different tastes of food.
Answer:
True
Solution:2(c)
Hint:Gallbladder secretes bile juice.
Explanation:
● The liver is a reddish brown gland situated in the upper part of the abdomen on the right
side.
● It is the largest gland in the body.
● It secretes bile juice that is stored in a sac called the gallbladder.
● The bile juice plays an important role in the digestion of fats.
Answer:
True
Solution:2(d)
Hint:The grazing animals like cows, buffaloes and deer are known as
ruminants.
Explanation:
● Ruminants quickly ingest, swallow their leafy food and store it in the rumen.
● Later, the food returns to the mouth and the animal chews it peacefully.
Answer:
True
Solution:3(a)
Hint:Bile plays an important role in the digestion of fats.
Explanation:
● The pancreas is a large cream coloured gland located just below the stomach.
● The pancreatic juice acts on carbohydrates, fats and proteins and changes them into
simpler forms.
● The partly digested food reaches the lower part of the small intestine from the stomach
where the intestinal juice completes the digestion of all components of the food.
● The carbohydrates get broken into simple sugars such as glucose, fats into fatty acids
and glycerol, and proteins into amino acids.
Answer:
● The correct option is (iii) small intestine
Solution:3(b)
Hint:Large intestine is about 1.5 metre in length.
Explanation:
● The large intestine is wider and shorter than the small intestine.
● Its function is to absorb water and some salts from the undigested food material.
● The remaining waste passes into the rectum and remains there as semi-solid faeces.
Answer:
● The correct option is (iv) large intestine
Solution:4
Hint:Proteins are made of amino acids, carbohydrates are made up of sugars and fat is made
up of fatty acids and glycerol.
Explanation:
● The partly digested food reaches the lower part of the small intestine from the stomach
where the intestinal juice completes the digestion of all components of the food.
● The carbohydrates get broken into simple sugars such as glucose, fats into fatty acids
and glycerol, and proteins into amino acids.
Answer:
Column I Column II
Food components Product(s) of digestion
Carbohydrates Sugar
Proteins Amino acids
Fats Fatty acids and glycerol
Solution:5
Hint:Thousands of finger-like outgrowths in the small intestine called villi.
Explanation:
● The digested food passes into the blood vessels in the wall of the intestine. This process
is called absorption.
● The inner walls of the small intestine have thousands of finger-like outgrowths. These
are called villi.
● The villi increases the surface area for absorption of the digested food.
● Each villus has a network of thin and small blood vessels close to its surface.
● The surface of the villi absorbs the digested food materials.
● The absorbed substances are transported by the blood vessels to different organs of the
body where they are used to build complex substances such as the proteins required by
the body. This process is called assimilation.
Answer:
● Villi:The inner walls of the small intestine have thousands of finger-like outgrowths.
● Location:Inner walls of the small intestine.
● Function:The villi increases the surface area for absorption of the digested food.
Solution:6
Hint:
Explanation:
● The liver is a reddish brown gland situated in the upper part of the abdomen on the right
side.
● It is the largest gland in the body.
● It secretes bile juice that is stored in a sac called the gallbladder.
● The bile juice plays an important role in the digestion of fats.
Answer:
● Bile juice is produced in the liver.
● Bile plays an important role in the digestion of fats.
Solution:7
Hint:
Explanation:
● Cellulose is the carbohydrates which is digested in ruminants like cows, rabbits etc but
not in humans.
● Ruminants have a large sac-like structure between the small intestine and large
intestine, in which cellulose of the food is digested by the action of bacteria.
● Such a structure is not present in humans.
● So, humans cannot digest cellulose while ruminants can.
Answer:
● Cellulose is a food digested in ruminants like cows, rabbits etc but not in humans.
● In ruminants like cattle,
deer, etc., bacteria present in rumen helps in digestion of cellulose.
● Many animals, like humans, cannot digest cellulose.
Solution:8
Hint:Glucose is a type of carbohydrate.
Explanation:
● We get instant energy from glucose (Carbohydrates) because glucose does not need to
be digested.
● It is absorbed by the small intestine directly and sent to blood.
● Through blood it reaches each cell and provides energy instantly.
Answer:
● Glucose is absorbed directly by the small intestine and reaches each cell by blood and
provides energy instantly.
Solution:9
Hint:Animal nutrition includes
nutrient requirement, mode of intake of food and its utilisation in the body.
Explanation:
● Digestion begins in the mouth, when we chew and swallow food by mouth and is
completed in the small intestine and the remaining waste passes into the rectum.
Answer:
(i) Absorption of food: Small intestine.
(ii) Chewing of food: Mouth.
(iii) Killing of bacteria: Stomach.
(iv) Complete digestion of food: Small intestine.
(v) Formation of faeces: Rectum.
Solution:10
Hint:Amoeba ingests its food with the help of its false feet or pseudopodia.
Explanation:
Difference:
● Amoeba ingests food with the help of false feet or pseudopodia.
● The food is digested in the food vacuole.
● Humans take food through the mouth, digest and utilize it.
● The food components get digested as food travels through the various parts of the body.
Similarity:
● In amoeba digestive juices are secreted into the food vacuole. They act on the food and
break down to simpler substances.
● In humans, the inner walls of the stomach and the small intestine also secrete the
digestive juices.
● The digestive juices convert bigger substances of food to simpler substances.
Answer:
Difference
● Amoeba ingests food with the help of false feet or pseudopodia.
● Humans take food through the mouth.
Similarity:
● Both amoeba and human secretes digestive juices and food components get digested
easily.
Solution:11
Hint:Nutrition is a complex process involving:ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and
egestion.
Explanation:
● Digestion of carbohydrates, like starch, begins in the buccal cavity. The digestion of
protein starts in the stomach.
● The bile secreted from the liver, the pancreatic juice from the pancreas and the digestive
juice from the intestinal wall complete the digestion of all components of food in the small
intestine.
● The digested food is absorbed in the blood vessels from the small intestine.
● The absorbed substances are transported to different parts of the body.
● Water and some salts are absorbed from the undigested food in the large intestine.
● The undigested and unabsorbed residues are expelled out of the body as faeces
through the anus.
Answer:
(a) Salivary gland-(iii) Saliva secretion
(b) Stomach - (iv) Acid release
(c) Liver-(i) Bile juice secretion
(d) Rectum-(vii) Release of faeces
(e) Small intestine-(v) Digestion is completed
(f ) Large intestine-(vi) Absorption of water
Solution:12
Hint:Cellulose is made of up carbohydrates.
Explanation:
● We cannot survive only on raw, leafy vegetables, or grass because grass contains
cellulose, which is a type of carbohydrate that humans are not able to digest due to the
absence of cellulose digesting enzymes.
Answer:
● No,In humans cellulose digesting enzymes are not present, due to this we can't not
digest raw carbohydrates which contain cellulose..
Solution:13
Hint:The human digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and
secretory glands.
Explanation:
The human digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and secretory glands.
It consists :
● Buccal cavity
● Oesophagus
● Stomach
● Small intestine
● Large intestine ending in rectum
● Anus
The main digestive glands which secrete digestive juices
are :
● The salivary glands,
● The liver and
● The pancreas.
● The stomach wall and the wall of the small intestine also secrete digestive juices
Answer: