Chapter - 12 Sound

Ch 12_Sound_ Exercise No. 12.1_ Page No. 162

Question 1:
Pre-concept: Vibration
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Propagation of sound
Key skill:Production of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Skill: Creative thinking
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Short type
How does the sound produced by a vibrating object in a medium reach your ear?

Solution:
Hint:Vibration is a mechanical phenomenon by which oscillations occur about an equilibrium
point.
Explanation:
●When an object vibrates it is necessary for the surrounding particles of the medium to vibrate.
●Particles that are adjacent to vibrating particles are forced to vibrate.
●So, the sound produced by a vibrating object in a medium is transferred from particle to
particle till it reaches your ear.

Exercise_12.2_Page No._163

Question 1:
Pre-concept: Pressure
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Sounds needs a medium to travel
Key skill:Production of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
Skill: Creative thinking
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Short type
Explain how sound is produced by your school bell?

Solution:
Hint:Compressions are the region of high pressure due to particles being close together and
rarefactions are regions of low pressure due to particles.
Explanation:
●When the school bell is hit with a hammer it moves forward and backwards producing
compression and rarefaction due to vibrations.
●This is the way sound is produced by the school bell.
Question 2:
Pre-concept: Wave
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Sound waves are longitudinal wave
Key skill:Production of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
Skill: Creative thinking
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Short type
Why are sound waves called mechanical waves?

Solution:
Hint:A mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter.
Explanation:
●Sound waves require a medium to propagate to interact with the particles present in it.
●That's why sound waves are called mechanical waves.

Question 3:
Pre-concept: Mechanical wave
Concept: Sound
Sub concept:Sounds needs a medium to travel
Key skill:Production of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Creation
Skill: Critical thinking
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Short type
Suppose you and your friend are on the moon. Will you be able to hear any sound
produced by your friend?

Solution:
Hint:Sound is a mechanical wave that needs a material medium like air, water and steel .
Explanation:
●No, Sound waves require a medium to propagate.
● Due to the absence of atmosphere on the moon and since sound cannot travel in vacuum.
●I will not be able to hear any sound produced by my friend.

Exercise_12.3_Page No._166

Question 1:
Pre-concept: Waves property
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Characteristics of a sound wave
Key skill:Production of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: Critical thinking
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: Short type
Which wave property determines (a) loudness, (b) pitch?
Solution:
Hint:Five main characteristics of sound waves are wavelength, amplitude, frequency, time
period and velocity.
Explanation:
(a)Amplitude –
●​ Loudness of the sound and its amplitude are directly related to each other.
●​ Larger the amplitude, louder the sound .

(b)Frequency –
●​ Pitch of the sound and its frequency are directly related to each other.
●​ If the pitch is high then the frequency of sound is also high.

Question 2:
Pre-concept: Pitch
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Characteristics of a sound wave
Key skill:Production of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
Skill: Critical thinking
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: One word
Guess which sound has a higher pitch: guitar or car horn?

Solution:
Hint:Pitch is a perceptual property of sounds that allows their ordering on a frequency-related
scale.
Explanation:
●Pitch of a sound is directly proportional to its frequency.
●So, the guitar has a higher pitch when compared to a car horn.

Question 3:
Pre-concept:Wave property
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Characteristics of a sound wave
Key skill: Oscillation
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
Skill: Creative thinking
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: Definition
What are wavelength, frequency, time period and amplitude of a sound wave?

Solution:
Hint:Five main characteristics of sound waves are wavelength, amplitude, frequency, time
period, and velocity.
Explanation:
(a) Wavelength –
 ●​ Wavelength can be defined as the distance between two consecutive rarefactions or two
consecutive compressions.
●​ SI unit of wavelength is meter (m).

(b) Frequency –
●​ Frequency is defined as the number of oscillations per second.
●​ The SI unit of frequency is hertz (Hz).

(c) Amplitude –
●​ Amplitude can be defined as the maximum height reached by the trough or crest of a
sound wave.

(d) Time period –

Question 4:
Pre-concept: Speed of sound
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Characteristics of a sound wave
Key skill: Frequency of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
Skill: creative thinking
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Short
How are the wavelength and frequency of a sound wave related to its speed?

Solution:
Hint:Speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time .
Explanation:
●Wavelength, speed, and frequency are related in the following way are -
●Speed=Wavelength x Frequency
●v = λ ν

Question 5:
Pre-concept: Sound medium
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Characteristics of a sound wave
Key skill:Sound wave
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation
Skill: problem solving
Difficulty level: Difficult
Question type: Numerical
Calculate the wavelength of a sound wave whose frequency is 220 Hz and speed is 440
m/s in a given medium?
Solution:
Hint:Relationship of the speed of sound, its frequency, and wavelength is vw = fλ, where vw is
the speed of sound, f is its frequency and λ is its wavelength.
Explanation:
●Given-
Frequency of sound wave = 220 Hz.
●Speed of sound wave = 440 m/s.
●We know that
Speed = Wavelength×Frequency
v=λν
440 = Wavelength × 220
Wavelength = 440/220
Wavelength = 2
Answer:
Wavelength of the sound wave is 2 meters.

Question 6:
Pre-concept: Hearing
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Characteristics of a sound wave
Key skill:Production of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation
Skill: Problem solving
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Numerical
A person is listening to a tone of 500 Hz sitting at a distance of 450 m from the source of
the sound. What is the time interval between successive compressions from the source?

Solution:
Hint: Frequency and time period is inversely proportional to the number of vibrations per
second is frequency.
Explanation:
●The time interval between successive compressions from the source is equal to the time
period and time period is reciprocal of the frequency.
●It can be calculated as follows:

T= 1/F

T= 1/500

T = 0.002 s.
Answer:
The time interval is 0.002 second.
Question 7:
Pre-concept: Intensity of sound
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Characteristics of a sound wave
Key skill:loudness of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
Skill: creative thinking
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: Differentiate
Distinguish between loudness and intensity of sound?

Solution:
Hint:Intensity of any sound to the intensity at the threshold of hearing.
Explanation:
●Amount of sound energy passing through an area every second is called intensity of a sound
wave.
●Loudness is defined by its amplitude.

Exercise_12.4_Page No._167

Question 1:
Pre-concept: Mechanical wave
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Speed of sound in different media
Key skill:Medium of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyses
Skill: critical thinking
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Identify
In which of the three media, air, water or iron, does sound travel the fastest at a particular
temperature?

Solution:
Hint:Sound is a mechanical wave that needs a material medium like air, water and steel for its
propagation.
Explanation:
●Sound travels faster in solids when compared to any other medium.
●Therefore, at a particular temperature, sound travels fastest in iron and slowest in gas.

Exercise_12.5_Page No._168
Question 1:
Pre-concept: Echo sound
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Echo
Key skill:Reflecting surface of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation
Skill: Problem solving
Difficulty level: Medium
Question type: Numerical
An echo is heard in 3 s. What is the distance of the reflecting surface from the source,
given that the speed of sound is 342 ms-1?

Solution:
Hint:A sound that is repeated as it is sent back off a surface such as the wall of a tunnel.
Explanation:
●Speed of sound (v) = 342 ms-1
●Echo returns in time (t) = 3 s
●Distance travelled by sound = v × t = 342 × 3 = 1026 m
●Sound must travel a distance which is twice the distance of reflecting surface and source.
●Distance of the reflecting surface from the source =1026/2 = 513 m.

Answer:
The distance of the reflecting surface from the source is 513 m.

Exercise_12.6_Page No._169

Question 1:
Pre-concept: Sound
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Reverberation
Key skill:Reflection of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application
Skill: Creative thinking
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Short
Why are the ceilings of concert halls curved?

Solution:
Hint:Repeated reflection that results in the persistence of sound is called reverberation.
Explanation:
Ceilings of concert halls are curved to uniformly spread sound in all directions after reflecting
from the walls.

Exercise_12.7_Page No._170
Question 1:
Pre-concept: Audio range
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Range of hearing
Key skill: Reflection of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: knowledge
Skill: critical thinking
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: Short
What is the audible range of the average human ear?

Solution:
Hint:An audio frequency/ audible frequency is a periodic vibration whose frequency is in the
band audible to the average human.
Explanation:
●20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
●Any sound less than 20 Hz or greater than 20,000 Hz frequency is not audible to human ears.

Question 2:
Pre-concept: Audio range
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Range of hearing
Key skill:Reflection of sound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Skill: critical thinking
Difficulty level:Easy
Question type: Short
What is the range of frequencies associated with (a) Infrasound? (b) Ultrasound?

Solution:
Hint:An audio frequency/ audible frequency is a periodic vibration whose frequency is in the
band audible to the average human.
Explanation:
●Infrasoundis the rate of vibration is too low for us to hear.
●Ultrasound is the rate of vibration that is too high for us to hear.
(a) 20 Hz
(b) 20,000 Hz.

Exercise_12.8_Page No._172

Question 1:
Pre-concept: Submarine working
Concept: Sound
Sub concept: Sonar
Key skill:Applications of ultrasound
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Evaluation
Skill: Problem solving
Difficulty level:Medium
Question type: Numerical
A submarine emits a sonar pulse, which returns from an underwater cliff in 1.02 s. If the
speed of sound in salt water is 1531 m/s, how far away is the cliff?

Solution:
Hint:Sonar is a technique that uses sound propagation to navigate, measure distances,
communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water.
Explanation:
●Time (t) taken by the sonar pulse to return = 1.02 s
●Speed (v) of sound in salt water = 1531 m s-1
●Distance travelled by sonar pulse = Speed of sound × Time taken

= 1531 x 1.02 = 1561.62 m

●Distance of the cliff from the submarine = (Total distance travelled by sonar pulse) /
= 1561.62 / 2

= 780.81 m.
Answer:
So, the distance of the cliff from the submarine is 78p.81 m.