BASIC AERODYNAMICS (M-8)

Category B
Theory of Flight
Sub-Module 03
1. The force through which all bodies are 6. An airplane traveling at 400 knots has
pulled towards the center of the earth four times the lift as the same airplane
is known as: travelling at:
A) gravity A) 100 knots
B) center of weight B) 200 knots
C) repulsion force C) 800 knots
D) centrifugal force D) 300 knots
2. The center of gravity (CG) may be
7. When keeping the same AOA and the
considered as a point at which all the
aircraft speed is increased, the aircraft
........... of the aircraft is concentrated.
will:
A) Mass
A) Stall with same AOA
B) Weight
B) Generate less lift
C) Load
C) Generate more lift
D) Momentum
D) Maintain level flight
3. The CG point is decided by the:
8. At an altitude of 18,000 feet, the density
A) Flight Engineer
of the air has approximately:
B) Load Master
A) Double
C) Designer
B) Half
D) Pilot
C) One-half
4. When the lift force is equal to the D) One-quarter
weight force, the aircraft will:
9. Wing area is measured in ...........
A) Ascend
including the part blanked out by the
B) Descend
fuselage.
C) Not ascend nor descend
A) Square Feet
D) Accelerate
B) Inches
5. As the Angle of Attack (AOA) C) Both A and B
increases, lift increases, and when D) Cubic Feet
AOA increases beyond the maximum
10. If the Wing area is doubled, then the
(critical AOA), the lift:
........... is doubled.
A) lift increases
A) Lift & Drag
B) lift decreases
B) Lift only
C) lift remains same
C) Drag only
D) lift becomes zero
D) Aspect Ratio
11. Jet propulsion theory is based on C) moves vertical
Newton’s ........... law of motion. D) flattens
A) First
18. The most prominent force acting on
B) Second
the gliding distance of the airplane in
C) Third
relationship to its movement over the
D) Fourth
ground is:
12. A propeller is actually ........... revolving A) Weight
airfoils mounted on a hub. B) Wind
A) one C) Drag
B) two D) Thrust
C) two or more
19. The only effect weight has on a glide (at
D) four
the correct airspeed) is to vary the
13. A propeller is a moving aero foil ........... the airplane will glide.
generating lift like a wing but acts: A) depth
A) Act forward B) distance
B) Act Backward C) time
C) Act Upward D) altitude
D) Act Sideways
20. The glide path steepens and reduces
14. When lift balances weight and thrust the distance traveled, as the pitch is:
balances drag, the aircraft is in: A) Lowered
A) Ascending B) Increased
B) Level Flight C) Same
C) Descending D) Not changed
D) Stalling
21. Any change in the gliding airspeed will
15. The distance the airplane travels result in a proportionate change in:
forward with power off, in relation to A) Glide
altitude lost is the: B) Glide Ratio
A) Glide C) Glide Time
B) Glide auto run D) Rate of Descent
C) Glide Ratio
22. When descending at a speed below the
D) Glide Slope
best glide speed, induced drag:
16. The glide ratio is based only on the A) is same
relationship of the ........... acting on the B) decreases
airplane. C) increases
A) Aerodynamic forces D) is zero
B) Wing Aspect ratio
23. When descending at a speed above
C) Design ratio
best glide speed, parasite drag:
D) Longitudinal stability
A) is same
17. As the pitch is lowered during a glide, B) decreases
the glidepath ........... and reduces the C) increases
distance traveled. D) remains constant
A) lengthen
B) steepens
24. It is a graph which contrasts the sink B) Centre of Weight
rate of an aircraft with its horizontal C) Envelope
speed: D) Load Factor
A) Polar Curve
31. The ratio of the maximum load an
B) Glide Ratio
aircraft can sustain to the gross weight
C) Wing Span
of the aircraft is the:
D) Aspect Ratio
A) Envelope
25. Newton’s First Law of Motion is also B) Load Factor
known as the Law of: C) Centre of Gravity
A) Momentum D) Ultimate Load
B) Inertia
32. An increased load factor increases the
C) Action & Reaction
stalling speed and makes stalls possible
D) Conservation of Energy
at:
26. For the airplane to remain in steady A) Safe Light Speed
level flight, equilibrium must be B) Normal AOA
obtained by a lift equal to the airplane: C) Both B and D
A) Power D) Lower than normal AOA
B) Drag
33. Certification requirements typically
C) Weight
require the aircraft structure be
D) Thrust
capable of supporting ........... these
27. The ........... is used to bring the nose limit load factors without failure.
back in line with the relative wind (to A) one and one-half times
counteract yaw). B) Double
A) Aileron C) One Time
B) Rudder D) Three times
C) Flaps
34. To the manufacturer's limit loads for
D) Elevator
all categories, a safety factor of ...........
28. The critical AOA varies from 16° to 20° is added.
depending on the: A) 50 percent
A) Speed of Aircraft B) 100 percent
B) aircraft’s design C) 150 percent
C) engine thrust D) 25 percent
D) ambient temperature
35. At speeds of approximately ..........., air
29. The aircraft can be stalled in straight- can be considered to be
and-level flight by flying at: incompressible.
A) Low Altitude A) 260 Miles
B) Slow Speed B) 260 Knots
C) High Altitude C) 260 Km
D) High Power D) 350 Knots
30. Capabilities and limitations of a
36. The accelerated air above the wing
particular aircraft design package are
reaches Sonic speed and the aircraft is
known as the:
in the ........... speed range.
A) COG
A) Sonic Speed
 B) Supersonic Speed 43. The location of the Center of Gravity
C) Subsonic Speed (CG) is fixed forward of the Center of
D) Transonic Speed Pressure (CP) by the designers
primarily to:
37. An aircraft traveling at the speed of
A) Increase lift capability.
sound is traveling at:
B) Minimize parasitic drag.
A) 0.78 Mach
C) Provide an adequate restoring
B) Mach 1.0
moment to retain flight equilibrium.
C) 0.82 Mach
D) Increase the critical Angle of Attack.
D) Mach 0.9
44. In stabilized level flight, if the aircraft
38. At 40,000 feet, where the temperature
were supported at its exact Center of
is ..........., the speed of sound is
Gravity (CG), it would:
calculated.
A) Pitch up slightly.
A) –55 °C
B) Balance in any attitude.
B) 15°C
C) Be unstable in the yaw axis.
C) –15 °C
D) Require constant rudder input.
D) 0 °C
45. The primary function of increasing the
39. The speed range of Supersonic Mach
Angle of Attack (AOA) when an
numbers is from:
aircraft is slowed is to:
A) 0.75 to 1.20
A) Decrease induced drag.
B) above 5.0
B) Maintain lift sufficient to counteract
C) 1.20 to 5.00
weight.
D) 0.9 to 1.1
C) Reduce parasite drag.
40. The boundary between subsonic and D) Increase thrust efficiency.
transonic flight, largely dependent on
46. An aircraft must fly at a greater true
wing and airfoil design, is the:
airspeed for any given AOA when the
A) Mach number
air density is reduced in order to:
B) critical Mach number
A) Reduce fuel consumption.
C) above Mach 1
B) Increase the critical Mach number.
D) supersonic Mach number
C) Maintain its required lift force.
41. At speeds 5–10 percent above the D) Reduce the total drag coefficient.
critical Mach number, compressibility
47. In addition to pressure and
effects begin, and drag will:
temperature, the third factor that
A) Rise sharply
affects air density, causing warm moist
B) Drop sharply
air to be less dense than cool dry air, is:
C) remain same
A) Viscosity
D) momentarily decrease
B) Static stability
42. The increase in altitude results in a C) Humidity
corresponding ........... in air density D) Airflow velocity
and ........... outside temperature.
48. If an aircraft's thrust is greater than its
A) Rise, Rise
drag, the aircraft will:
B) drop, drop
A) Maintain steady speed.
C) rise, drop
B) Lose altitude.
D) drop, rise
C) Accelerate and gain speed.
 D) Decelerate and slow down. B) Best glide angle (Best L/D).
C) Minimum induced drag.
49. The propeller blades produce lift
D) Maximum parasite drag.
similar to a wing, but this lift acts in a
horizontal direction to create: 55. What force, when the aircraft is
A) Induced drag. banked, is split into vertical and
B) Thrust. horizontal components?
C) Engine torque. A) Thrust
D) Centrifugal force. B) Weight
C) Lift
50. An airplane travels 15,000 feet forward
D) Drag
while descending 1,000 feet with power
off. Its glide ratio is: 56. The component of lift that acts
A) 1:15 horizontally toward the center of the
B) 10:1 turn is known as the:
C) 5:1 A) Centrifugal force.
D) 15:1 B) Vertical of lift.
C) Horizontal of lift (Centripetal force).
51. Under power-off conditions, extending
D) Yaw component.
the landing gear or flaps increases
drag, which causes the airspeed to 57. Centrifugal force in a turn is defined as
decrease and the glide path to: the:
A) Lengthen and flatten. A) Force supplied by the rudder.
B) Remain constant. B) Equal and opposite reaction of the
C) Steepen and reduce distance traveled. aircraft to the change in direction.
D) Become vertical. C) Horizontal component of weight.
D) Primary force that causes the aircraft
52. Attempts to "stretch" a glide by
to turn.
applying back-elevator pressure and
reducing airspeed below the best glide 58. Why does an aircraft lose altitude in a
speed will invariably result in: level bank if no control input is made?
A) Increased forward distance. A) Thrust is reduced in a bank.
B) Decreased induced drag. B) The total lift decreases.
C) An increase in the rate and angle of C) The amount of lift opposing gravity
descent. (vertical component) is reduced.
D) A flatter glide path. D) The drag is greatly increased.
53. On a Polar Curve, the speed that 59. To prevent a loss of altitude in a
enables the pilot to stay airborne for as constant-airspeed, constant-bank turn,
long as possible is the speed for: the pilot must:
A) Best glide ratio. A) Decrease AOA.
B) Minimum sink rate. B) Apply opposite rudder.
C) Zero drag. C) Increase the AOA.
D) Maximum speed. D) Reduce engine thrust.
54. In a gliding Polar Curve chart, the line 60. At any given airspeed, the Rate of Turn
that is tangent to the curve, having the (ROT) is primarily controlled by
least slope, represents the: adjusting the:
A) Minimum sink rate. A) Rudder input.
 B) Elevator trim. D) Level turn.
C) Engine thrust.
66. A skidding turn results from:
D) Angle of bank
A) Too much bank for the rate of turn.
61. Additional thrust (power) typically B) The horizontal lift component being
required to maintain airspeed in a greater than the centrifugal force.
constant-altitude, constant-rate turn. C) The wing root stalling first.
A) To balance the increasing centrifugal D) An excess of centrifugal force over
force. the horizontal lift component.
B) The wing’s camber is reduced in a
67. To correct a skidding turn, the pilot
bank.
should:
C) Induced drag increases as the AOA is
A) Decrease the angle of bank.
increased.
B) Reduce the Rate of Turn (ROT)
D) Parasite drag increases in the turn.
and/or increase the bank.
62. In a correctly executed turn, the C) Increase rudder input in the direction
horizontal component of lift must be of the skid.
exactly equal and opposite to the: D) Increase the Angle of Attack.
A) Weight force.
68. An aircraft stall is the result of:
B) Induced drag.
A) The airspeed dropping below.
C) Centrifugal force.
B) Exceeding the critical AOA.
D) Propeller thrust.
C) Lift dropping to zero.
63. In a constant-rate, level turn, as the D) Thrust becoming less than drag.
airspeed is increased, the pilot must
69. A common misconception about a stall
increase the angle of bank because:
is that the wing stops producing lift. In
A) Centrifugal force decreases.
reality, a stalled wing:
B) The vertical component of lift
A) Stops producing all lift force.
increases.
B) Cannot generate adequate lift to
C) The radius of the turn increases,
sustain level flight.
causing an increase in centrifugal force.
C) Only produces parasite drag.
D) The AOA must remain constant.
D) Reverses its direction of lift.
64. A slipping turn is characterized by:
70. The stall speed of an aircraft in a level
A) Too little bank for the rate of turn.
turn is higher than in straight-and-
B) The horizontal lift component being
level flight because:
greater than the centrifugal force.
A) Parasite drag is maximized in a turn.
C) An excess of centrifugal force.
B) Centrifugal force is added to the
D) The aircraft skidding toward the
aircraft's weight, increasing the load.
outside of the turn.
C) The AOA must be reduced.
D) The wingspan is effectively reduced.
65. A pilot initiates a turn where the
aircraft is yawed toward the outside of 71. In most straight-wing aircraft, the
the turning flightpath. This describes wing is designed to stall the wing root
a: first in order to:
A) Skidding turn. A) Increase the maximum lift coefficient.
B) Slipping turn. B) Minimize induced drag.
C) Coordinated turn.
 C) Maintain aileron effectiveness at the B) Performance airspeeds and load
wingtips. factors at different altitudes.
D) Reduce the critical AOA. C) Maximum service ceiling only.
D) Wing loading and C.G range.
72. Which method is used in wing design to
deliberately cause the wing root to stall 77. In aerodynamics, a load factor of 4 Gs
before the wingtip? means the total load on the aircraft's
A) Using a high aspect ratio. structure is:
B) Twisting the wing (washout) to a A) 4 times the maximum thrust.
higher AOA at the root. B) 4 times the induced drag.
C) Increasing wing sweep angle. C) Four times its gross weight.
D) Installing vortex generators on the D) 4 times the stalling speed.
upper surface.
78. For aircraft designed in accordance
73. Which device, installed on the first 20- with the category system which
25 percent of a wing's leading edge, is category has the highest limit load
used to introduce a stall prematurely at factor?
that section? A) Normal
A) Vortex generators. B) Utility
B) Stall strips. C) Acrobatic
C) Slats. D) Transport
D) Boundary layer fences.
79. For a civil transport aircraft with a
74. In a stall, the aircraft pitches down gross weight of over 4,000 pounds, the
abruptly because: specified limit load factor is typically
A) The rudder suddenly becomes reduced compared to lighter aircraft
ineffective. certified in the same category. This is
B) The CL ceases and creating nose- generally governed by:
down condition. A) Maneuvering load factors.
C) The horizontal component of weight B) Gust load factors.
takes over. C) Ultimate load factors.
D) The elevator loses its ability to push D) Aerodynamic efficiency.
the tail up.
80. Ultimate load factors value is typically:
75. The accumulation of ice, snow, or frost A) 50% of the limit load factor.
on an aircraft's lifting surfaces will B) One and one-half times the limit load
cause a stall to occur at a: factors.
A) Lower speed and higher AOA than C) Equal to the limit load factor.
normal. D) Twice the gross weight of the
B) Higher speed and higher AOA than aircraft.
normal.
81. Civilian jet aircraft normally operate
C) Higher speed and lower AOA than
in a cruise speed range of:
normal.
A) Mach 0.90 to Mach 1.20
D) Higher speed but at the normal AOA.
B) Mach 0.20 to Mach 0.70
76. The term Flight Envelope refers to the C) Mach 0.70 to Mach 0.90
capabilities and limitations of a particular D) Mach 1.20 to Mach 5.00
aircraft design, specifically considering:
A) Total fuel capacity and range.
82. The speed of an aircraft where airflow D) Minimum speed for clean
over any part of the aircraft structure configuration.
first reaches (but does not exceed)
88. When an aircraft's speed reaches the
Mach 1.0 is termed:
speed of sound, the air ahead can no
A) Flight Mach number.
longer be "warned" of the aircraft's
B) Maximum operating Mach (MMO).
coming, resulting in a sharp increase
C) Critical Mach number (Mach Crit).
in:
D) Indicated Mach number.
A) Flow velocity.
83. When an aircraft is cruising at or near B) Drag coefficient.
its Critical Mach number, it is C) Air pressure and density directly in
operating at its most: front of the airplane.
A) Controllable speed. D) Dynamic pressure.
B) Efficient speed.
89. The boundary between completely
C) Stable speed.
undisturbed air and the region of
D) Safe speed margin.
suddenly compressed air particles
84. Which phenomenon occurs above the (when traveling at supersonic speed) is
Critical Mach number and is called a:
associated with the 'drag rise'? A) Laminar flow boundary.
A) Decrease in engine RPM. B) Shock or "compression" wave.
B) Buffet, trim and stability changes. C) Turbulent wake.
C) Increase in the speed of sound. D) Vortex boundary.
D) Reduction in wing loading.
90. A shock wave that forms
85. At a constant altitude, if a pilot perpendicular to the airflow is termed
maintains a constant indicated a:
airspeed (IAS) while increasing Mach A) Oblique shock wave.
number, the true airspeed (TAS) will: B) Isentropic shock wave.
A) Decrease. C) Normal shock wave.
B) Increase. D) Delta wave.
C) Remain constant.
91. When a supersonic airstream passes
D) Depend on the CG position.
through a normal shock wave, the
86. As an aircraft climbs to high altitude, static pressure and density of the
the speed of sound drops due to: airstream behind the wave are:
A) Increase in air density. A) Greatly reduced.
B) Decrease in outside temperature. B) Greatly increased.
C) Increase in the Mach number. C) Unchanged.
D) Increase in pressure. D) Reduced to zero.
87. The "coffin corner" is the point in 92. The primary effect of a swept wing is
high-altitude flight where the aircraft's to:
stall speed is approximately equal to A) Increase lift at low speeds.
its: B) Decrease the required AOA.
A) Best glide speed. C) Delay the onset of compressibility
B) Critical Mach number. effects.
C) Maximum operating Mach (MMO). D) Increase the structural load factor.
93. Swept wing aircraft, when in the pre- C) To promote the smooth flow of air
stall or immediate post-stall regime, over the gaps.
may cause an increasingly descending D) To increase lift augmentation during
flightpath with no change in pitch landing.
attitude due to:
98. A small airfoil section attached to the
A) Loss of engine thrust.
upper surface of a wing that promotes
B) The enormous increase in drag at low
positive laminar airflow:
speeds.
A) Flap.
C) Aileron reversal.
B) Slot.
D) Propeller turbulence.
C) Vortex generator.
94. What is a characteristic of T-tail D) Aileron.
aircraft that makes recovery difficult
99. In a correctly executed turn, if the nose
when stalled?
of the aircraft yaws to the outside of the
A) The horizontal tail surfaces are
turn, the pilot used:
always submerged in the prop wash.
A) Too much rudder.
B) Tail wing’s wake, causing the
B) No rudder or insufficient rudder.
elevator to lose effectiveness.
C) Too much aileron.
C) They have a lower critical AOA than
D) Insufficient elevator.
conventional tails.
D) The rudder becomes completely 100. The required amount of additional
ineffective. thrust (power) needed to maintain a
constant airspeed in a level turn is
95. A system designed in T-tail aircraft by
proportional to the:
automatically moving one knot above
A) Rate of climb.
stall speed is known as a:
B) Vertical component of lift.
A) Stall warning stick shaker.
C) Wing chord line.
B) Autopilot recovery system.
D) Angle of bank.
C) Stick pusher.
D) G-limiter.
96. A G-limiter may be incorporated into a
stick pusher system to prevent:
A) Exceeding the critical AOA after
recovery.
B) The pilot from manually overriding
the system.
C) The pitch down generated from
imposing excessive loads.
D) The aircraft from exceeding its
maximum operating speed.
97. What is the purpose of gap seals fitted
between fixed and movable surfaces
A) To increase structural rigidity.
B) To reduce the total weight of the
wing.
 Answer Sheet

1. A 26. C 51. C 76. B

2. B 27. B 52. C 77. C
3. C 28. B 53. B 78. C
4. C 29. B 54. B 79. B
5. B 30. C 55. C 80. B
6. B 31. B 56. C 81. C
7. C 32. C 57. B 82. C
8. C 33. A 58. C 83. B
9. A 34. A 59. C 84. B
10. A 35. B 60. D 85. B
11. C 36. C 61. C 86. B
12. C 37. B 62. C 87. C
13. A 38. A 63. C 88. C
14. B 39. C 64. B 89. B
15. C 40. B 65. B 90. C
16. A 41. A 66. D 91. B
17. B 42. B 67. B 92. C
18. B 43. C 68. B 93. B
19. C 44. B 69. B 94. B
20. A 45. B 70. B 95. C
21. B 46. C 71. C 96. C
22. C 47. C 72. B 97. C
23. C 48. C 73. B 98. C
24. A 49. B 74. B 99. B
25. B 50. D 75. C 100. D