LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK FOUR (13TH – 17TH MAY, 2024)
PERIODS TOPIC REFERENCES INSTRUCTIO
NAL AID
MUSCLES Enemanna U.S; Adepegba B.E & Abdulahi Projected
SUB-TOPICS D.S (2014). WABP Basic Science for Junior diagram of
3rd – 4th; Definitions, Types of Secondary Schools 2. Pg 49 - 51 the human
1th - 2nd; muscle [Link] muscular
3rd – 4th; topic/default?id=anatomy-of-a-joint-85- system
8th; 9th; 9th Injuries, Diseases and Care P00044/29/11/19
of the Muscular
LESSON 1
CLASS: JS2
DAY: Tuesday; Tuesday; Friday
DATE: I4/05/2024; 14/05/2024; 16/05/24
DURATION: 7:40 – 9:00; 9:00 – 10:20; 11:40 12:40 (80mins)
SUBECT: Basic science
SUBTOPIC: Definitions, Types of Muscle
METHODOLOGY: Enquiry, question and answer
AVERAGE AGE OF STUDENTS: 11years
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: By the end of these periods, the students should be able to:
i. define muscles
ii. describe the constituents of muscles
iii. describe the types of muscles
iv. give at least three features of each of the types of muscles
v. explain the mechanism action of the muscles
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: The students possess muscles.
CONTENTS
The human muscular system is a collection of cells (myocytes), tissues and organs tat composed of
protein filaments are responsible for movement.
Muscles are contractile and excitable tissues which are made of actin and myosin filament held together
by thin strands of connective tissues. The contractions and relaxations bring about conscious or /and
unconscious movement of the body.
TYPES OF MUSCLES (WRT THEIR CONTROL MECHANISM)
1. Voluntary 2. Involuntary
1. VOLUNTARY/ STRIPED/ SKELETAL/ STRIATED MUSCLES
Their tapered ends form tendons with which they are attach to the skeletal system to give the body
shape, and to bring about voluntary body movements. They are bulky and tough and they are the largest
percentage of muscles in the muscular system comprising of almost 650 skeletal muscles. They can
contract (shorten or tighten) quickly and powerfully, but they tire easily. They can be found in the legs,
arms, and face.
2. INVOLUNTARY/ NON SKELETAL/ NON STRIATED/ UNSTRIPED MUSCLES:
These are made of layers of smooth muscle cells. Their contractions and relaxations occur slowly and at
intervals (rhythmically) without the voluntary/ conscious will or volition of an organism. They are
controlled by electrical impulses generated from the autonomic nervous system. They can work
indefinitely and don’t get tired easily. They thus require less energy and fewer mitochondria.
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TYPES OF INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES
a. SMOOTH/ NON SKELETAL/ NON STRIATED/ UNSTRIPED MUSCLES:
These are made of long and narrow spindle - shaped fibers that are in bundles with rounded center and
tapered ends.
In human, smooth muscles are found in the walls of hollow organs (such as the stomach, intestines,
blood vessels, urinary bladder, genital tracts) iris, ciliary body of the eye, dermis of the skin, and the
bronchioles.
The smooth muscles take longer time to contract/ they contract slowly, but they can stay contracted for
a long time since they have a greater elasticity.
b. CARDIAC MUSCLES/ MYOCARDIA:
They are found only in the heart. Their cells are cylindrical/ long and branched. Their actin and myosin
are arranged in bundles called sarcomeres. They are thus striated. They are also involuntary. The rate of
their rhythmic/ continual, fast and powerful contractions and relaxations are influenced by the
autonomic nervous system.
FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES
1. They aid movement
2. They aid respiration
3. They aid digestion h
4. They aid excretion
5. They aid blood circulation
6. They aid reproduction
7. They are used in facial expressions
8. They aid peristalsis
9. They aid in the closing and opening of the body cavities, tubes and ducts
10. They aid in the accommodation processes of the eyes
11. They may regulate body temperature through vaso-dilation and constriction
12. maintenance of posture and balance
13.
MECHANISM OF THE MUSCULAR ACTION
The Muscles movements are coordinated and controlled by the nervous system.
Muscles move body parts by contracting and then relaxing thereby pulling the bones. They work in pairs
of flexors and extensors and antagonistically.
The involuntary muscles are controlled by the brain stem.
SOME MUSCLES AND THEIR LOCATIONS
1. Masseter (the strongest) – along the base of the skull and lower jaw bones
2 .Temporalis – side of the skull to the top of the lower jaw
3. Biceps – front of the upper arm
4. Triceps – back of the upper arm
5. Deltoid- shoulder
6. Pectoralis – front chest
7. Trapezius – neck
8. Abdominals – all of the stomach
9. Intercostal – between ribs
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[Link] – back of the thigh
11. Quadriceps - front of the thigh
12. Calf muscle – back of the lower leg
PRESENTATION STEPS
i. The students are asked to define the term muscle
ii. The students are asked to state the types of muscles
iii. The students are asked to state at least two distinguishing characteristics of each of the types of the
muscles
iv. The teacher gives detailed explanation of the subtopic
EVALUATION: define muscles, describe the constituents of muscles, describe the types of muscles, give
at least three features of each of the types of muscles, explain the mechanism action of the muscles
CONCLUSION: The teacher lays good emphasis on the key words and the concept of the subject matter,
guides the students to copy their note and gives assignment
ASSIGNMENT: Describe the functions of the listed muscles.
LESSON 2
DAY: Wednesday; Thursday; Friday
DATE: 15/05/2024; 16/05/24; 17/05/2023
DURATION: 40mins
PERIODS: 12: 50 – 1:30; 1:30 – 2:10; 1:30 – 2:10
SUBTOPIC: Injuries, Diseases and Care of the muscular system
METHODOLOGY: Enquiry, question and answer
AVERAG E AGE OF STUDENTS: 11years
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: By the end of these periods, the students should be able to describe and
demonstrate the various movements accrue to muscles and joints.
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: The students carry out different types of movement for different purposes.
CONTENTS
INJURIES TO THE MUSCLES
1. Sprain: sprain is a tear of a ligament
2. Strain: a stretch of a muscle or tendon.
3. Tendinitis: the inflammation of the tendon
4. Splints: inflammation of the muscle due to repetitive stress or muscle overuse.
5. A cramp or muscle spasm which is a sudden muscle contraction after an activity or as a result of being
dehydrated.
DISEASES OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
1. Tendinitis: The inflammation or irritation of the tendon.
2. Tetanus is a bacterial infection of the muscular system painful muscle contraction painful muscle
spasm, stiffness of neck muscle, difficulty swallowing,
3. Muscular Dystrophy: A muscular dystrophy is a group of muscle disease that progressively weakens
the muscle. They cause damage to the muscle fibre and eventually cause loss of muscle mass.
4. Tendinosis: Damage of tendons due to over usage. This results in stiffness and pain in the joint.
CARE OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
1. Always eat balanced diet
2. Always go for proper medical checks when injured
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3. Always rub ointment over swollen muscles
4. Excise your body regularly to help the muscle contract well, to prevent aches and to improve blood
supply to the tissues.
5. Cutting down on harmful food such as alcohol
6. Avoid Injurious plays and events etc.
PRESENTATION STEPS
i. The students are asked to list injuries (trauma) that can affect the muscles.
ii. The students are asked to list diseases of the muscular system
iii. The students are to enumerate the ways to care for the muscular system
iv. The teacher gives detailed explanation of the subtopic
EVALUATION: List and explain the various injuries and diseases of the muscular system
CONCLUSION: The teacher uses the projected pictures to explain the subtopic in details.
ASSIGNMENT: State any five (5) ways by which you can prevent injuries to the discussed system
SUPERVISOR’S/ HODS COMMENT: ………………………………………………………………..................
SUPERVISOR’S/ HODS SIGNATURE: …………………………… DATE: ………………………….......
TEACHER: NWOFOR-OKAFOR QUEENDALINE TEACHER’S REMARK: ...............................
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