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✅ Test-Driven Development (TDD) — Simple Explanation with Another
Example
TDD means:
Write the test first → then write code → then improve the code 🔁
You do NOT write the full program first.
🔁 TDD Cycle (Very Simple)
1. Red → Write a test, it fails
2. Green → Write minimum code to pass the test
3. Refactor → Clean and improve the code
✅ New Example for TDD (Very Simple & Clear)
📌 Scenario: Password Length Validation
Rule:
Password must be at least 8 characters
If less than 8 → reject
If 8 or more → accept
🔴 Step 1: Write Test Cases First (Before Code)
Test Case 1
Input: "abc123"
Expected Result: Invalid password
Test Case 2
Input: "abc12345"
Expected Result: Valid password
👉 At this stage, tests will fail because no code exists yet.
🟢 Step 2: Write Minimum Code to Pass Tests
boolean isValidPassword(String password) {
if ([Link]() >= 8) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
✅ Now tests pass (Green phase)
🔵 Step 3: Refactor (Clean Code, Same Logic)
boolean isValidPassword(String password) {
return [Link]() >= 8;
}
✅ Tests still pass, code is cleaner
✅ How TDD is Different from Normal Testing
Normal Approach TDD Approach
Write code first Write test first
Tests at the end Tests guide design
Bugs found later Bugs caught early
✅ Key Points to Remember (Exam-Friendly) ✨
Tests are written before implementation
Code is written only to pass tests
Refactoring improves quality without breaking tests
TDD leads to less bugs and better design
✅ One-Line Definition (Perfect for Exam ✅)
TDD is a software development technique where tests are written before code, and
development follows a Red-Green-Refactor cycle.
Scenario: User Login Feature
A system allows a user to log in using a username and password.
If both username and password are correct → user is logged in
If either field is empty → show an error message
If credentials are incorrect → show “Invalid login details”
The login button remains disabled until both fields are filled
This scenario is small, clear, and perfect for writing test cases 🧪
✅ How to Write Test Cases (Simple Method)
Every test case should answer these questions:
1. What are you testing?
2. What input will you give?
3. What should happen (expected result)?
Basic Test Case Format:
Test Case ID
Test Case Description
Steps
Test Data
Expected Result
✅ Sample Test Cases (Few Examples)
Test Case 1
Description: Login with valid username and password
Steps:
1. Enter valid username
2. Enter valid password
3. Click Login
Expected Result: User should log in successfully
Test Case 2
Description: Login with empty username
Steps:
1. Leave username empty
2. Enter password
3. Click Login
Expected Result: Error message displayed
Test Case 3
Description: Login with invalid password
Steps:
1. Enter valid username
2. Enter wrong password
3. Click Login
Expected Result: “Invalid login details” message shown
✅ Things You Must Take into Account While Writing Test
Cases 📝
1. Valid inputs (correct data)
2. Invalid inputs (wrong data)
3. Empty fields
4. Boundary conditions (minimum/maximum length if any)
5. UI behavior (button enabled/disabled)
6. Error messages (clear and correct)