SHARJAH INDIAN SCHOOL, JUWAIZA
GRADE 9 WORK EDUCATION NOTES
Python Tokens
The Smallest individual units in Python programs are known as Tokens.
Python has mainly 5 types of tokens which are given below -:
1. Keywords
2. Identifiers
3. Operators
4. Literals
5. Punctuators
Keywords- Keywords are the reserved words having special meaning and purpose in Python.
Eg:- true, false, if, and, break.
Identifiers- An identifier is a name given to a variable. It helps to differentiate one entity from
others.
Python Variable Name Rules
• A variable name must start with an alphabet (capital or small) or an underscore
character
• A variable name cannot contain spaces.
• A variable name can contain any number of letters, digits, and underscore.
• A Python keyword cannot be used as a variable name.
• Special characters aren’t allowed in variable names except for underscores.
Which of the following variable names are valid/invalid?
(a)123 Hello-Invalid
(b) Sum- Valid
(c) abc@123 - Invalid
(d) 2myvar - Invalid
(e)my-var - Invalid
(f) MYVAR- Valid
(g)_name – Valid
OPERATORS
An operator is a symbol or letter which causes the compiler to take any action and yield a value.
An operator acts on different data items called operands.
The various operators are
1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Relational Operators
3. Assignment Operators
4. Logical Operators
5. Membership Operators
6. Identity Operators
1. Arithmetic
Operator Meaning Example
+ Addition 2+5=7
- Subtraction 10-2=8`
* Multiplication 2*3=6
/ Division 10/2=5
// Floor division [Divide and round the result 5 // 2 = 2
down to the nearest whole number]
% Return remainder after division 9%2=1
** Exponent 4**2=16
2. Relational
The relational operators are also known as comparison operators, their main function is to return
either a true or false based on the value of operands.
Operator Description Syntax
Greater than: True if the left operand is
> greater than the right x>y
Less than: True if the left operand is less
< than the right x<y
== Equal to: True if both operands are equal x == y
!= Not equal to: True if operands are not equal x != y
Greater than or equal to True if the left
>= operand is greater than or equal to the right x >= y
Less than or equal to True if the left
<= operand is less than or equal to the right x <= y
3. Assignment operator
Assignment operators are used for assigning the value of the right operand to the left operand. = is
the most used assignment operator in Python.
Eg: a=10
4. Logical operator
Logical operators are used to combine conditional (Boolean) statements. They return True or False
based on the logic.
Operator Description Example Result
and Returns True if both conditions are true 5 > 2 and 10 > 5 True
Returns True if at least one condition is
or 5 > 10 or 10 > 5 True
true
Reverses the result: True becomes False, and
not not(5 > 2) False
vice versa
Literals
Literals in Python are defined as the raw data assigned to variables or constants while
programming.
Various types are string literals, numeric literals, Boolean literals, Floating points, and a special
literal None
String Literals
It is a sequence of characters surrounded by quotes (single, double, or triple).
Eg:- “Aman” , ‘12345’
A character literal is a single character surrounded by a single or double quote
Eg:- ‘a’ , ‘2’
Integer literals
Integer literals are numbers that do not have a decimal point or an exponential part.
Eg: 12 , 25, 100
Floating-point literal
A floating-point literal has an integer part, a decimal point, a fractional part, and an exponent part.
You can represent floating point literals either in decimal form or exponential form.
Eg. (Decimal form)- 20.5, 36.8
Eg. (Exponential form) – 2.5E5, 23E9
Boolean literal
Python literal Boolean has two values. One is True, and another one is False.
>>>6<10
>>>True
>>>20>=40
>>>False
None literal
The 'None' literal is used to indicate something that has not yet been created. It is also used to
indicate the end of lists in Python.
>>> v=None
>>>print(v)
>>>None