Scribd
Upload
4 views11 pages

Chapter 2 Notes Part 1

Chapter 2 covers the fundamentals of counting and probability, focusing on experiments, sample spaces, and events. It defines key terminology such as experiments, sample outcomes, sample spaces, and events, and illustrates these concepts with examples like coin tosses and dice rolls. Additionally, it introduces Venn and tree diagrams as tools for visualizing set operations and enumerating sample spaces.

Uploaded by

dkdjfidshfuehfihi
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views11 pages

Chapter 2 Notes Part 1

Chapter 2 covers the fundamentals of counting and probability, focusing on experiments, sample spaces, and events. It defines key terminology such as experiments, sample outcomes, sample spaces, and events, and illustrates these concepts with examples like coin tosses and dice rolls. Additionally, it introduces Venn and tree diagrams as tools for visualizing set operations and enumerating sample spaces.

Uploaded by

dkdjfidshfuehfihi
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER 2

COUNTING & PROBABILITY

EXPERIMENT
SAMPLE SPACE
EVENTS
COMBINATORICS
PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT
ADDITIVE RULES OF PROBABILITY
CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY AND INDEPENDENCE
• EXPERIMENTS
• SAMPLE SPACE & EVENTS
EXPERIMENT

 An experiment is any activity or process that generates data.


 Can be repeated any number of times.

 All statistical experiments have three things in common:


 The experiment can have more than one possible outcome.
 Each possible outcome can be specified in advance.
 The outcome of the experiment depends on chance.
TERMINOLOGY

 Experiment
 Activity or process that generates data
 Can be repeated any number of times

 Sample Outcome, 𝒔 or 𝝎 (omega)


 any possible outcome

 Sample Space, 𝑺 or 𝛀 (omega)


 The collection of all possible outcomes of experiment

 Event, 𝑨 ⊆ 𝑺
 Any designated subset of 𝑆
EXPERIMENT (CONTINUED)
SAMPLE SPACE & EVENTS
SAMPLE SPACE

 Sample space is the collection of all possible outcomes of experiment.


 Denoted: 𝑺 or 𝛀

 Toss a coin once and observe the top face. The possible outcomes are: _Heads_ and _Tails_
 𝑆 = {𝑯, 𝑻}.

 Roll a regular dice. Suppose the number it lands is of interest. The possible outcomes are:_1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6_
 𝑆 = {𝟏, 𝟐, … , 𝟔}

 Kick a field goal. The possible outcomes are: Success and Failure
 𝑆 = {𝑺, 𝑭}
EVENT

 Event is a subset of sample space. It is usually denoted by a capital letter.


 Recall: Toss a coin once and observe the top face. Which of the following are events for this
experiment?
 𝑨 = {𝑯}
 𝑩 = {𝑻}
 𝐶 = {3}
 𝐷 = {𝑇𝑇 is observed}

 Null Set (Empty Event) is an event with no elements and denoted by ϕ.


VENN DIAGRAMS

 Venn Diagrams are useful to see set operations. Events are represented by regions.

𝑆
𝐴
TREE DIAGRAMS
 Useful for enumerating sample space (𝑆), especially when experiment is sequential in nature
 E.g.: Sample space of experiment “Flip a coin 2 times”

Outcome:
T T,T

T
H T,H

T H,T
H

H H,H
WORK TIME

 In – class exercises 1 – 4

You might also like