Fire
Prevention and Protection
WHAT IS FIRE....?
FIRE IS A chemical reaction between oxygen and carbon in which heat and light
energies are released
FUEL + HEAT ENERGY + OXYGEN / AIR =
FIRE TRIANGLE
Presence of (fuel)
Oxygen Ignition Source
Absence of any of the three will result in
extinguishing of the fire
CAUSES OF FIRE RATE OF FIRE
Negligence / Carelessness Wind Velocity
Poor House keeping
Smoking Specific Surface of Fuel
Improper Maintenance
Combustibility of Fuel
Humidity
FIRE
WANTED UNWANTED
Cooking, Gas Fire.
Automobile, Explosion.
Production etc Probable
Damage.
COMMON SOURCE OF IGNITION
Leakages and spillages of flammable / combustible materials
Electrical short circuiting / overloading
Overheated bare surfaces / heaters / electric lamps
Welding, cutting, soldering and other hot work
Equipment Failure
Smoking in prohibited areas
Chemical reaction
Friction heat / spark
Spontaneous / combustion sparks/lightening
Naked lights / connections
Molten substances Arson
BASIC PREVENTION MEASURES
Ensure high housekeeping standards.
Cover trash containers tightly and empty them regularly.
Segregated flammable materials from sources of ignition
Promptly eliminate oil / gas leaks and clean spillage of flammable materials.
Strictly adhere to work permit instruction for welding, cutting and other hot work in areas
where flammable substances are present.
Store chemicals in separate places / containers.
Where flammables are stored and used, ensure adequate ventilation, prohibit smoking, and
use flameproof electrical equipment. keep fuses and control boxes clean and closed
Avoid multi-socket connection.
Electrical repairs should be carried out by qualified personnel.
Do not use damaged cords and avoid temporary connections.
Lubricate, maintain and align all machines / equipment's to prevent general of heat
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE SUITABILITY OF PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
Class A Fires - Fires in ordinary combustible
materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and Class A Fires : Water, Foam, ABC Dry Powder
and halocarbons.
many plastics.
Class B Fires - Fires in flammable liquids, Class B Fires : Foam, Dry Powder, Clean Agent
combustible liquids, petroleum greases, oils, oil- and Carbon Dioxide Ext.
based paints, solvents, and flammable gases.
Class C Fires : Dry Powder, Clean Agent and
Class C Fires - Fires that involve Gas & energized
Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers.
electrical equipment where the electrical non
conductivity of the extinguishing media is of Class D Fires : Extinguishers with special
importance. (When electrical equipment is de- powder for metal fires.
energized, fire extinguishers for Class A or Class B
fires can be used safely.)
Class D Fires - Fires in combustible metals, such as
magnesium, titanium, sodium, and potassium.
HOW TO EXTINGUISH A FIRE
Extinguishing Methods :
1. Starvation - by removing fuel from fire.
- By cutting of fuel supply (Most effective for gas fire)
2. Smothering - blanketing of fuel by coating material,
- by inserting of gas, steam/vaporizing liquid
3. Cooling - natural cooling ( water spray is the most commonly used)
[effective for oxidizing chemicals, tank fires, etc.]
4. Fourth Method - Breaking Chain Reaction
Ways of Fire Fighting
SELECTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
S. No. Type of Fire Type of Extinguishers
Class – A
1. Sand, Water, ABC Type
2. CLASS-B
Foam, DCP, CO2, ABC Type
3. CLASS-C
Sand, DCP, CO2, ABC Type
CLASS-D
ABC Type, Special Dry Powders, like
1.. In Every 15 Meter directions.
Soda Ash Powder + NaCO3 for fire on Na or K
4. 2. Preferably at Entry / Exit.
3. Easily Accessible. Should not obstruct by any means.
Dry Sand Powder + SiO₂ for various Metal Fires
4. One ext. in every 100 sq. m of floor area and on fire
prone area one ext. in every 15 sq.m of floor area
IF YOU FIGHT A FIRE, REMEMBER THE WORD
PASS
PULL . . . AIM . . . SQUEEZE . . . SWEEP
HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Pull the pin Aim at the base of the fire
This will allow you to squeeze the Aiming at the middle will do no good.
handle in order to discharge the The agent will pass through the flames
extinguisher
HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Squeeze the handle Sweep side to side
Cover the entire area that is on
This will release the fire. Continue until fire is
pressurized extinguishing
extinguished. Keep an eye on the
agent
area for re-lighting.
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