Faculty of Natural Sciences
Tutorial - 4
Department: Mathematics and Statistics
Programme: B. Tech.
Semester/Batch: 1/2024
Course Code: MTF101B
Course Title: Engineering Mathematics - 1
Partial derivatives, Tangent plane and Linear
approximation
Partial Derivatives
1. Find the first order partial derivatives of the following:
(a) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 .
Ans:fx (x, y) = 2x and fy (x, y) = 2y
(b) f (x, y) = xy + 1.
Ans:fx (x, y) = y and fy (x, y) = x
(c) f (x, y) = y 5 − 3xy.
Ans:fx (x, y) = −3y and fy (x, y) = 5y 4 − 3x
(d) f (x, y) = x cos(y) + yex .
Ans:fx (x, y) = cos(y) + yex and fy (x, y) = −x sin(y) + ex
2y
(e) f (x, y) = y+cos x
.
2y sin x 2 cos x
Ans:fx (x, y) = (y+cos x)2
and fy (x, y) = (y+cos x)2
(f) f (x, y) = exy log y.
exy
Ans:fx (x, y) = yexy log y and fy (x, y) = xexy log y + y
(g) f (x, y) = xy .
Ans:fx (x, y) = yxy−1 and fy (x, y) = xy log x
(h) f (x, y, z) = x2 y + zy + z 2 .
Ans: fx (x, y, z) = 2xy, fy (x, y, z) = x2 + z and fz (x, y, z) = y + 2z
(i) f (x, y, z) = x + sin(y + 3z).
Ans: fx (x, y, z) = 1, fy (x, y, z) = cos(y + 3z) and fz (x, y, z) = 3 cos(y + 3z)
2 2 2
(j) f (x, y, z) = e−(x +y +z ) .
2 2 2 2 2 2
Ans: fx (x, y, z) = −2xe−(x +y +z ) , fy (x, y, z) = −2ye−(x +y +z ) and fz (x, y, z) =
2 2 2
−2ze−(x +y +z )
1
2. Find all second order partial derivatives of the following:
(a) f (x, y) = x3 y 5 + 2x4 y.
Ans:fxx (x, y) = 6xy 5 + 24x2 y, fxy = 15x2 y 4 + 8x3 = fyx and fyy = 20x3 y 3
(b) f (x, y) = x4 y 2 − x3 y.
Ans: fxx (x, y) = 12x2 y 2 − 6xy, fxy = 8x3 y − 3x2 = fyx and fyy = 2x4
(c) f (x, y) = x3 + x2 y 3 − 2y 2 .
Ans: fxx (x, y) = 6x + 2y 3 , fxy = 6xy 2 = fyx and fyy = 6x2 y − 4
(d) f (x, y) = x cos y + yex .
Ans: fxx (x, y) = yex , fxy = − sin yex = fyx and fyy = −x cos y
3. Find the indicated partial derivatives:
(a) f (x, y) = x3 + x2 y 3 − 2y 2 , fx (2, 1) and fy (2, 1)
Ans: fx (2, 1) = 16 and fy (2, 1) = 8.
(b) f (x, y) = 4 − x2 − 2y 2 , fx (1, 1) and fy (1, 1)
Ans: fx (1, 1) = −2 and fy (1, 1) = −4
(c) f (x, y) = arctan(y/x), fx (2, 3)
3
Ans: fx (2, 3) = − 13
(d) f (x, y) = x3 + 2x2 y 2 + y 3 , fxx (1, 2), fyy (1, 2) and fyx (1, 2)
Ans: fxx (1, 2) = 22, fyy (1, 2) = 16 and fyx (1, 2) = 16
4. Verify the conclusion of Clairaut’s theorem for the given functions:
(a) u = cos(x2 y).
(b) u = ex + x log y + y log x.
(c) u = exy sin y.
(d) u = x2 − xy + y 2 .
(e) u = sin(3x + 2y).
(f) u = xy 2 + x2 y 3 + x3 y 4 .
5. A function f : R2 → R is called harmonic provided that it has second order partial
derivatives and it satifies the Laplace equation fxx (x, y) + fyy (x, y) = 0, for all (x, y) ∈
R2 . Which of the following functions is harmonic?
(a) f (x, y) = ex cos(y).
(b) f (x, y) = x2 − y 3 .
(c) f (x, y) = x2 − y 2 .
(d) f (x, y) = x3 /3 − 2x3 y − 2xy 2 + y/3.
6. If y = f (x + at) + g(x − at) then show that ytt = a2 yxx .
7. Show that uxx − 2uxy + uyy = 0 where u = xf (x + y) + yg(x + y).
2
8. For each of the following surfaces, obtain the equations of tangent plane at the point
indicated:
(a) z = x cos y − yex , (0, 0, 0).
(b) z = 9 − x2 − y 2 , (1, 2, 4).
(c) z = 2x2 + y 2 , (1, 1, 3).
(d) z = 3y 2 − 2x2 + x, (2, −1, −3).