PES University, Bengaluru
(Established under Karnataka Act 16 of 2013)
END SEMESTER ASSESSMENT (ESA) - Jan - May 2024
UE21EC351A - Computer Communication Networks
Total Marks : 100.0
1.a. What are the different protocol layers of the TCP/IP model? Briefly describe
encapsulation done at the sender. (5.0 Marks)
1.b. Suppose N packets arrive simultaneously to a link at which no packets are
currently being transmitted or queued. Each packet is of length L and the link has
transmission rate R. What is the average queuing delay for the N packets?
(5.0 Marks)
1.c. What are the various DNS resource records? ------------ 2 marks
What are some of the important fields given in any DNS resource record? ----------- 2
marks
Name a class of DNS servers which is likely to cache various DNS resource records.
-------- 1 mark (5.0 Marks)
1.d. Suppose you click a link on your web browser and this causes the client to
download a HTML file containing references to nine objects from the web server.
Suppose all the objects are of negligible size and the only dominant delay is the
round trip time between the client and the web server, denoted by RTT. Find the
time which elapses from when you click the link to receiving all referenced objects
for the following cases.
1. Non-persistent HTTP with no parallel TCP connections
2. Non-persistent HTTP with the browser configured for 6 parallel connections
3. Persistent HTTP connection
(10.0 Marks)
2.a. Suppose the client and the server choose their initial sequence numbers as
499 and 1999 respectively. Suppose the client transmits 7 segments of size 1 MSS =
1000 bytes each to the server without any packet loss. Draw the timing diagram
depicting the TCP connection establishment and transfer of 7 segments from the
client. For each packet exchanged, write the corresponding sequence number and
acknowledgement number as (seq, ack). (10.0 Marks)
2.b. Divide the address space [Link]/26 into 2 equal subnets. ------------- 4
marks
Write the starting and ending IP addresses of each subnet. ------------ 4 marks
Write the subnet mask of the resulting subnets. ------------ 2 marks (10.0 Marks)
2.c. Draw the IPv6 datagram format. (5.0 Marks)
3.a. Find the shortest paths associated with node A using Dijkstra's algorithm. -------
--------- 5 marks
Draw the minimum spanning tree. ---------------- 3 marks
Draw the forwarding table for node A. -------------------- 2 marks
(10.0 Marks)
3.b. Give five differences between traditional forwarding and generalized
forwarding. (5.0 Marks)
3.c. Consider the network shown below. Suppose AS3 and AS2 are running OSPF
for their intra-AS routing protocol. Suppose AS1 and AS4 are running RIP for their
intra-AS routing protocol. Suppose eBGP and iBGP are used for the inter-AS
routing protocol. Initially suppose there is no physical link between AS2 and AS4.
1. Router 3c learns about prefix x from which routing protocol: OSPF, RIP, eBGP,
or iBGP? ----------- 1 mark
2. Router 3a learns about x from which routing protocol? ----------- 1 mark
3. Router 1c learns about x from which routing protocol? ----------- 1 mark
4. Router 1d learns about x from which routing protocol? ----------- 1 mark
5. Once router 1d learns about x it will put an entry (x, I) in its forwarding
table. Will I be equal to I1 or I2 for this entry? Explain why in one sentence. -----
------ 2 marks
6. Now suppose that there is a physical link between AS2 and AS4, shown by the
dotted line. Suppose router 1d learns that x is accessible via AS2 as well as via
AS3. Will I be set to I1 or I2? Explain why in one sentence. ----------- 2 marks
7. Now suppose there is another AS, called AS5, which lies on the path between
AS2 and AS4 (not shown in diagram). Suppose router 1d learns that x is
accessible via AS2 AS5 AS4 as well as via AS3 AS4. Will I be set to I1 or I2?
Explain why in one sentence. ----------- 2 marks
(10.0 Marks)
4.a. Draw the IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) frame format. (5.0 Marks)
4.b. Consider the generator, G = 1001, and suppose that data D has the
value 101110. What is the value of the CRC, denoted by R? What are other methods
which can be used for link layer error detection? (10.0 Marks)
4.c. Consider CSMA/CD protocol, the network adapter waits before retransmission
after a collision based on the randomy chosen backoff value K. For K = 115,
how long does the adapter wait before returning to transmission for the following
cases:
a. 10 Mbps broadcast channel?
b. 100 Mbps broadcast channel? (5.0 Marks)
4.d. Consider the LAN given below in which Host A is yet to communicate with any
IP interface. Explain the steps by which Host A finds the MAC address of the
gateway [Link]. Specify the source MAC, destination MAC, source IP and
destination IP of each packet exchanged. Where does Host A store the MAC of the
gateway?
(5.0 Marks)